The “day of Brahman” in the work of Āryabhata

Summary In the astronomical treatise ryabhatya of ryabhata several verses are interpolated, namely all those verses in which either Brahman was mentioned or extremely large periods were introduced. The interpolator was known to AlBrn as ryabhata of Kusumapura, who belongs to the school of the elder ryabhata. The aim of the interpolator was to bring the teaching of the elder ryabhata into accordance with the revelation of Svayambh. Svayambh is another name for Brahm.     

Uptake of D-glucose anomers by rat retina

Summary Uptake ofd-glucose anomers by isolated rat retina was studied. After 3 min incubation at 37°C in the presence of or anomer (750 g/ml), a significantly greater uptake (1.32 mg/g wet tissue) of -anomer was observed compared with that of -d-glucose (1.11 mg/g wet tissue). This result and other data suggest that the carrier ford-glucose transport in the retina prefers the -anomer stereospecifically.Acknowledgment. The authors are grateful to Mr S. Suzuki for his technical assistance.     

Defensive steroids from a carrion beetle (Silpha americana)

Summary The defensive anal effluent discharged bySilpha americana in response to disturbance contains a mixture of steroids stemming from a glandular annex of the rectum. The compounds have been characterized as 15-hydroxyprogesterone (1, principal component), 5-pregnan-15-ol-3, 20-dione (2), 5-pregnan-3, 15-diol-20-one (3), 5-pregnan-7, 15-diol-3,20-dione (4), 5-pregnan-3, 7, 15-triol-20-one (5), 5-pregnan-16-ol-3,20-dione (6), and 5-pregnan-3, 16-diol-20-one (7), none previously found in insects. Bioassays with jumping spiders showed compounds1 and6 to be feeding deterrents at the 1 g level.Paper No. 78 of the series: Defense Mechanisms of Arthropods. Study supported by NIH (Grants AI-02908, AI-12020). We thank Maura Malarcher and Maria Eisner for excellent technical help, and the Squibb Institute of Medical Research for samples of authentic reference compounds.     

Mass spectrometric determination of the amino acid sequence in arginine-containing peptides

aa, a-a a- a aa - aa a -a .     

Mass spectrometric determination of the amino acid sequence in cystine- and cysteine-containing peptides

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The participation of kinins in the pathogenesis of early disturbances in the skin capillary permeability in localβ-ray irradiation

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“The True” in Gottlob Frege's “Über die Grundlagen der Geometrie”

In this essay, I examine the metaphysical and metalogical ramifications of Gottlob Frege's controversy with David Hilbert and Alwin Korselt, over Hilbert's Grundlagen der Geometrie. These ramifications include(1) Korselt's original appeals to general metatheoretic Deutungen (interpretations);(2) Hilbert's puzzling belief that whatever is consistent in some sense exists; and(3) Frege's semantic monist conviction that theoretical sense and reference (mathematical and other) must be eindeutig lösbar (uniquely solvable).My principal conclusions are(4) that Frege's position in (3) represented a pervasively dogmatic presumption that his newly discovered quantification theory must have a propositional metatheory (the True; the False); and(5) that this needless assumption adversely affected not only his polemic against the moderate semantic relativism of Hilbert and Korselt, but also his reception of type-theoretic ideas, and greatly facilitated his vulnerability to the sort of self-referential inconsistency Russell discovered in Grundgesetz V.These conclusions also seem to me to provide a conceptual framework for several of Frege's other arguments and reactions which might seem more particular and disparate. These include(6) his arbitrary restrictions on the range of second-order quantification, which undercut his own tentative attempts to give accounts of independence and semantic consequence;(7) his uncharacteristic hesitation, even dismay, at the prospect that such accounts might eventuate in a genuinely quantificational metamathematics, whose Gegenstände (objects) might themselves be Gedanken (thoughts); and, perhaps most revealingly(8) his otherwise quite enigmatic, quasi-stoic doctrine that genuine formal deduction must be from premises that are true.A deep reluctance to pluralize or iterate the transition from theory to meta-theory would also be consonant, of course, with Frege's vigorous insistence that there can be only one level each of linguistic Begriffe (concepts) and Gegenstände (objects). With hindsight, such an assumption may seem more gratuitous in the philosophy of language (where it contributed, I would argue, to Wittgenstein's famous transition to the mystical in 6.45 and 6.522 of the Tractatus); but its more implausible implications in this wider context seemed to emerge more slowly.In the mathematical test-case discussed here, however, such strains were immediately and painfully apparent; the first models of hyperbolic geometry were described some thirty years before Frege drafted his polemic against Hilbert's pioneering exposition. It is my hope that a careful study of Frege's lines of argument in this relatively straightforward mathematical controversy may suggest other, parallel approaches to the richer and more ambiguous problems of his philosophy of language.Niemand kann zwei Herren dienen. Man kann nicht der Wahrheit dienen und der Unwahrheit. Wenn die euklidische Geometrie wahr ist, so ist die nichteuklidische Geometrie falsch, und wenn die nichteuklidische wahr ist, so ist die euklidische Geometrie falsch.No one can serve two masters. One cannot serve truth and untruth. If Euclidean geometry is true, non-Euclidean geometry is false, and if non-Euclidean [geometry] is true, Euclidean geometry is false. Über Euklidische Geometrie [Frege 1969], p. 183.     

Cellular antigens in myxo- and paramyxoviruses as revealed by immunodiffusion methods

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A study of the mechanism of polymyxin M inactivation

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Identification of a major cytokinin in coconut milk

A major cytokinin found in coconut milk was isolted by using the tobacco callus growth-promoting assay as a guide during purification. The structure of the factor was determined to be 14-O-{3-O-[-d-galactopyranosyl-(12)--d--galactopyranosyl-(13)--L-arabinofuranosyl]-4-O-(-L-arabinofuranosyl)--d-galactopyranosyl}-trans-zeatin riboside [G₃A₂-ZR] by various NMR techniques, including heteronuclear multiple bond connectivity by 2D multiple quantum NMR (HMBC), as well as mass spectroscopy and sugar analysis. The optimum concentration of G₃A₂-ZR for cytokinin activity in the tobacco callus assay was estimated to be 5×10^–6 M, so that G₃A₂-ZR is one order of magnitude more potent than 1,3-diphenylurea and one order less potent than zeatin riboside. At least 20% of the cytokinin activity of coconut milk could be attributed to G₃A₂-ZR.     

Induced seed protein mutant of barley

. 51%. () 29% 9% - . .

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Seed samples may be obtained upon application toH. Doll.     

C-18 hydroxy steroids from the Mediterranean gorgonianLeptogorgia sarmentosa

Summary Five new polyoxygenated steroids, 24-methylcholesta-1,4,22E-trien-16, 18,20-triol-3-one (1), cholest-1,4,22E-trien-16, 18,20-triol-3-one (2), 24-methylcholesta-4,22E-dien-16, 18, 20-triol-3-one (3), cholesta-4,22E-dien-16, 18,20-triol-3-one (4) and 27-nor-24-methylcholesta-4,22E-dien-16,18,20-triol-3-one (5), have been found in a marine organism, the gorgonianLeptogorgia sarmentosa.This work has been done with the financial support of Progetto Finalizzato der la Chimica Fine e Secondaria, C.N.R., Roma. The authors are grateful to Zoological Station of Naples for collecting the gorgonian. Thanks are also due to Mr A. Crispino and Mr G. Scognamiglio for their technical assistance.     

A study of the mechanism of lowering the sensitivity of smooth muscle to noradrenalin with sympathetic hyperinnervation

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Ontogenic development and anatomical distribution of a supernumerary limb-inducing factor

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This work was supported by a Rackham Grant from the University of Michigan.     

Extrapyramidal pathways with monosynaptic effects upon primate α-motoneurons

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The effect of chloramphenicol analogs on protein biosynthesis in a cell-freeEscherichia coli B system

a aaa a aa aa a a E. coli aa, a aa aa a , a a aa - a .

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Laboratory of Biological Investigations.

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Laboratory for Chemistry of Antibiotics.     

The use mitochondrial mutants of yeast in the screening for new antimetabolites

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The Kepler Problem from Newton to Johann Bernoulli

Summary Newton solved what was called afterwards for a short time the directKepler problem (le problème direct): given a curve (e.g. an ellipse) and the center of attraction (e.g. the focus), what is the law of this attraction ifKepler's second law holds?The problème inverse (today: the problème direct) was attacked system-atically only later, first byJacob Hermann, then solved completely byJohann Bernoulli in 1710 and followingBernoulli byPierre Varignon. How didBernoulli solve the problem? What method did he use for this purpose and which of his accomplishments do we still follow today?In the second part various questions connected to the first part are dealt with from the point of view, Conflict and Cooperation, suggested byJ. van Maanen to the participants of the Groningen conference.     

Inhibition of sodium transport in frog skin by cardiac glycosides of different molecular structure

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