人类显带染色体的图象分割的研究

染色体图象分割是染色体图象分析与识别的重要内容之一。文中提出了关于一场景多个人类显带染色体的自动分割算法ｍｏｓｇｔｅｔ，该算法充分考虑了每个视野中分割目标（染色体）的数量大以及人类显带染色体被明暗交迭的带纹分割为若干不连续的片段等特点，自动调整分割阈值，既保证了完整地分割单条显带染色体，又能快速分割出一幅图象中９６％～１００％的染色体。该分割算法被有效地运用在自行开发的人类显带染色体的图象分析与识别系统中。     

基于卷积神经网络和几何优化的统计染色体核型分析方法

染色体核型分析是细胞遗传学研究的主要技术之一,在现代医学治疗和诊断中有重要的作用.通常在染色体核型分析的过程中,首先需要在染色体中期图像中分割出单条染色体,然后再对染色体逐一进行分析、比较、排序和分类.由于传统的基于几何及基于统计的分割和分类的辅助工具精度低,辅助作用有限,因此在实际工作中仍然需要医生花费大量的时间和精力进行人工核型分析.为此提出一种基于卷积神经网络和几何优化的染色体核型分析新方法,利用Mask R-CNN(Region-Convolutional Neural Networks)从染色体中期图像中分割出染色体,并训练一个新型多输入的卷积神经网络对分割后的单条染色体进行分类;还提出一种全新的基于局部特征的染色体分割数据合成方法对分割数据集进行扩充.此外,为了保证分类训练数据的一致性,提出一种基于中线的染色体伸直几何优化算法.实验结果表明提出的方法在自动核型分析中表现优秀.     

快速有效的染色体自动分割算法

染色体的自动分割一直是一个难题 ,现在取得的成就大部分针对二体、三体的交叠、粘连情况 ,更多的染色体交叠、粘连问题还需要人机交互来解决。介绍一种基于边界几何分析的分割算法 ,算法第一步进行边界的提取和处理 ,提出了对内部空洞的处理方法 ,第二步进行凹点和凸点的搜索与标示 ,最后根据凹、凸点提供的几何信息对染色体进行逐步分割。该算法可以大大降低所需要的人机交互量和人机交互的难度 ,从而提高了染色体分析的自动化程度     

基于OBS网络的一种最少冗余包的组播树共享算法

为了减少组播树共享算法(TS-MCAST)产生冗余包,有效地利用链路网络带宽,提出了一种基于光突发交 换(OBS)网络的最少冗余包的组播树共享算法(LRP-MCAST-TS)该算法实现过程中，引入了树分割规则，将满 足分割条件的组播树分割成森林，然后根据重叠大小将汇聚的组播会话划分成多个组播共享类$通过理论分析， 证明了(LRP-MCAST-TS)算法设计的正确性，达到了减少冗余包的目的。     

一种钢坯表面喷印字符图像分割算法

为了提高钢坯表面喷印字符分割的效果,提出通过图像增强和滤波算法改善图像质量,解决钢坯表面喷印字符图像的分割问题.通过构造自适应阈值,自动分割图像进行字符串定位,并基于形态学处理、连通域分析设计了字符分割算法,解决了图像中存在的黏连和断裂问题.设计了一种掩膜保护字符的滤波算法,解决了细线噪声干扰问题,同时建立了相应的实验系统进行研究.结果表明:该算法效果较好,对字符图像黏连、断裂情况分割的正确率分别达到了99.6%, 98.3%,对细线噪声干扰类样本分割的正确率达到了97.9%.     

基于双三角平面模型的Bezier曲面的分割求交

本文提出了一种基于双三次Ｂｅｚｉｅｒ曲面的双三角平面模型，并以此模型为基础建立了相应的平化判别、分割求交算法。采用主动边与被动三角平面间的遍历来获得交线。与多边型模型相比双三解平面模型具有理论严密，简法简捷、近似度好、节省时空等优点。     

基于Pareto最优的多目标集成柔性协作计划与分批调度

针对工件在实际批量生产模式下数量过多时其柔性协作计划、柔性批量分割和调度排序的集成优化难以进行同步决策的问题,构建了一种以平均交货期满意度、模糊总生产成本、模糊完工时间、平均拖期可信度等为目标的集成柔性协作计划与模糊柔性分批调度模型,设计了一种基于Pareto最优的多目标求解算法,并根据求解过程中的特殊性,提出了包括协作染色体、批量分割染色体和调度排序染色体的集成编码方案以及Pareto综合寻优方案,最后通过仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性.     

一种新的基于内包围盒技术的光线跟踪加速算法

目的提高光线跟踪算法中求交测试的效率。方法针对内包围盒方法在光线跟踪中仍存在大量面片需要与光线进行求交测试的不足,以内包围盒对角线中点为分割点建立两个子包围盒,并对新产生的子包围盒递归采用上述分割方法。结果提出了一种新的基于内包围盒技术的光线跟踪加速算法。结论新算法比改进前的算法减少了无效求交测试,加速了光线跟踪。     

组合自由曲面数控加工中的自适应策略

提出一种由直接插补和离散ＮＣ编程组成的组合自由曲面混合数控加工方法，并给出了三种自适应策略：加工区域的自适应分割、用于生成无干涉刀具轨迹的曲面自适应三角化和沿曲面／曲面交线自适应步长加工。     

基于边缘链码信息的黏连细胞分割算法

介绍了一种基于边缘链码信息的黏连细胞自动分割算法. 该算法对弱对比度的细胞图像预处理;对二值化图像进行链码跟踪,并计算边缘各点的链码和、链码差、等效周长、弧弦比等特征参数;利用特征参数判断边缘光滑段、边缘角点;对真实分割角点进行线性插值最终实现黏连细胞的分割. 将该算法应用于2组细胞图像序列共120帧图像的分割中,不仅解决了黏连细胞的分割难题,而且能够准确进行细胞凹陷的修补和细胞图像的简单计数. 统计结果表明,相比于阈值法和先验模型法,该算法的分割成功帧占整个序列的百分比提高40%~60%.      

无限靶位重叠图像有用信息提取方法

研究一种无限靶位重叠图像的引入反常位移算子去伪处理方法。从无限靶位重叠图像中提取有效信息是非常困难的。传统的无限靶位重叠图像处理方法采用图像单帧处理的方法,对恶劣重叠情况下的处理结果较差。提出一种无限靶位重叠图像的引入反常位移算子去伪处理方法,采用引入反常位移算子去伪处理的方法,对无限靶位重叠图像在多个维度进行相关信息融合和识别实现,提取图像的多维综合信息,通过引入反常位移算子去伪处理,实现无限靶位重叠图像信息的去伪处理。采用一个重叠非常严重的靶位图像进行实际的去伪测试实验。结果显示,采用引入反常位移算子去伪处理方法,无限靶位重叠图像中的有用信息被很好的提取出来,去伪效果明显,方法将在运动循环靶射击训练和瞄准仪开发等方面具有很好的应用价值。     

C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther, 1873

The C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of the metaphase chromosomes of Cynoglossus semilaevis are reported. The interstitial regions in all chromosomes including the pair of sex chromosomes had positive C-bands, and the 6th and 12th pairs of chromosomes were entirely stained in most cases. Some chromosomes such as the 1st, 2nd, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th pairs showed C-bands at centromeric or distal ends. The C-banding heretochromatin occupies 30.03% of the total chromosome surface in C. semilaevis, which is similar to that of amphibians such as Mixophyes fasciolatus (30.2%) and M. schevilli (20.7%), but is rather lower than that of cephalochordate Branchiostoma belcheri (54.3%). Silver staining revealed a single pair of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) located in the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2. The association of NORs with heterochromatin observed in vertebrates also occurs in C. semilaevis as the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2 are always stained positively with C-banding.     

一种低复杂度降低FBMC-OQAM峰均值比的PTS双层搜索算法

最近采用偏移正交幅度调制的滤波器组多载波系统(FBMC-OQAM)吸引广泛的关注。由于FBMC-OQAM信号的叠加性,导致峰均值比(PAPR)较大,而大部分传统OFDM的降低PAPR技术不适用。为了不引入新的误码率,采用PTS算法降低FBMC-OQAM峰均值比是较好的选择,但现有基于PTS降低FBMC-OQAM峰均值比方案的复杂度都较高。通过对PTS算法进行改进,提出了一种新的在FBMC-OQAM系统中采用双层搜索的PTS算法(D-PTS)。该算法能以较小的复杂度降低FBMC-OQAM信号的PAPR,且不会引起信号畸变,理论分析和数值仿真证实了新算法的性能。     

C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther, 1873

The C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of the metaphase chromosomes of Cynoglossus semilaevis are reported. The interstitial regions in all chromosomes including the pair of sex chromosomes had positive C-bands, and the 6th and 12th pairs of chromosomes were entirely stained in most cases. Some chromosomes such as the 1st, 2nd, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th pairs showed C-bands at centromeric or distal ends. The C-banding heretochromatin occupies 30.03% of the total chromosome surface in C. semilaevis, which is similar to that of amphibians such as Mixophyes fasciolatus (30.2%) and M. schevilli (20.7%), but is rather lower than that of cephalochordate Branchiostoma belcheri (54.3%). Silver staining revealed a single pair of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) located in the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2. The association of NORs with heterochromatin observed in vertebrates also occurs in C. semilaevis as the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2 are always stained positively with C-banding.     

尖鳍鲤的染色体组型研究

采用肾细胞直接制片法制备尖鳍鲤(Cyprinus acutidorsalis Wang)染色体标本,研究表明尖鳍鲤的染色体数目2n=100,核型公式为：28m 24sm 26st 22t,总臂数(NF)=152。     

Mouse Karyotype Obtained by Combining DAPI Staining with Image Analysis

In this study, mitotic metaphase chromosomes in mouse were identified by a new chromosome fluorescence banding technique combining DAPI staining with image analysis. Clear 4＇, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole （DAPI） multiple bands like （J-hands could be produced in mouse. The Meta- Morph software was then used to generate linescans of pixel intensity for the banded chromosomes from short arm to long arm. These linescans were sufficient not only to identify each individual chromosome but also analyze the physical sites of bands in chromosome. Based on the results, the clear and accurate karyotype of mouse metaphase chromosomes was established. The technique is therefore considered to he a new method for cytological studies of mouse.     

The highly reduced genome of an enslaved algal nucleus

Chromophyte algae differ fundamentally from plants in possessing chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll c and that have a more complex bounding-membrane topology. Although chromophytes are known to be evolutionary chimaeras of a red alga and a non-photosynthetic host, which gave rise to their exceptional membrane complexity, their cell biology is poorly understood. Cryptomonads are the only chromophytes that still retain the enslaved red algal nucleus as a minute nucleomorph. Here we report complete sequences for all three nucleomorph chromosomes from the cryptomonad Guillardia theta. This tiny 551-kilobase eukaryotic genome is the most gene-dense known, with only 17 diminutive spliceosomal introns and 44 overlapping genes. Marked evolutionary compaction hundreds of millions of years ago eliminated nearly all the nucleomorph genes for metabolic functions, but left 30 for chloroplast-located proteins. To allow expression of these proteins, nucleomorphs retain hundreds of genetic-housekeeping genes. Nucleomorph DNA replication and periplastid protein synthesis require the import of many nuclear gene products across endoplasmic reticulum and periplastid membranes. The chromosomes have centromeres, but possibly only one loop domain, offering a means for studying eukaryotic chromosome replication, segregation and evolution.     

Comparison of human genetic and sequence-based physical maps

Recombination is the exchange of information between two homologous chromosomes during meiosis. The rate of recombination per nucleotide, which profoundly affects the evolution of chromosomal segments, is calculated by comparing genetic and physical maps. Human physical maps have been constructed using cytogenetics, overlapping DNA clones and radiation hybrids; but the ultimate and by far the most accurate physical map is the actual nucleotide sequence. The completion of the draft human genomic sequence provides us with the best opportunity yet to compare the genetic and physical maps. Here we describe our estimates of female, male and sex-average recombination rates for about 60% of the genome. Recombination rates varied greatly along each chromosome, from 0 to at least 9 centiMorgans per megabase (cM Mb(-1)). Among several sequence and marker parameters tested, only relative marker position along the metacentric chromosomes in males correlated strongly with recombination rate. We identified several chromosomal regions up to 6 Mb in length with particularly low (deserts) or high (jungles) recombination rates. Linkage disequilibrium was much more common and extended for greater distances in the deserts than in the jungles.     

The Karyotypes,C-banding Patterns and AgNORs of Epinephelus malabaricus

0　IntroductionThestudyonfishchromosomeswasstartedabroadinthethirtiesofthetwentiethcentury .Butduetoimperfectfixedmethodsandtechniques ,determinationwasstronglysubjective ,inadditionfishchromosomesbeingmuchsmallerthanthoseofhumanspeciesandothermammals ,plantsandinsects ,thereliabilityofearlyresearchresultswasratherdeviated .Afterthefifties ,thepreparation ,observationmethodsandtechniquesofhumanchromo someswereconstantlyimproved ,andin 1 970s ,variouschromosomebandingtechniqueswereestablished .…