反倾层状岩质边坡变形破坏的颗粒流模拟研究

基于颗粒流程序对反倾层状岩质边坡变形破坏过程进行模拟,并考虑岩体结构面参数(岩层倾角、层厚及层理剪切强度)对其变形破坏机制的影响。数值模拟结果表明:边坡岩层的主要变形破坏方式为弯曲变形、折断破坏,变形首先发生在坡顶,而破坏是从坡脚开始,边坡的变形破坏过程具有明显的悬臂梁特征;岩层倾角对反倾岩质边坡整体性失稳破坏方式有较大影响,随着岩层倾角的增大,边坡后期整体性破坏方式由滑移型逐渐过渡为倾倒型破坏,坡体内部岩体出现变形及破裂损伤的深度也逐渐增加;随着岩层厚度增加,坡脚岩体抗折断能力增强,破坏方式由折断破坏向剪切破坏发展,边坡后期的整体性破坏方式也由滑移型向倾倒型过渡;岩层层面剪切强度是影响边坡变形的重要因素,层面剪切强度越小,边坡发生弯曲变形的程度越大。     

FLAC~(3D)的露天矿边坡变形破坏数值模拟分析

针对露天矿边坡变形破坏严重影响露天矿安全生产的问题,采用数值模拟的方法,应用FLAC3D软件对宝日希勒露天矿南帮52剖面边坡的应力应变和位移变化进行了数值模拟分析,结果表明:南帮边坡失稳时,边坡变形失稳虽以剪切作用为主,拉伸破坏也相伴发生,坡顶起主要作用.坡体在自身重力与地应力影响下,内部发生以剪切为主的破坏,边坡整体的潜在破坏面形成,边坡坡脚处发生剪切破坏,最终形成"切层—顺层"式滑动.     

岩质边坡岩体动力破坏数值模拟分析

汶川地震触发的大量岩质滑坡表明,坡顶岩体发生拉裂破坏,下部岩体发生剪切破坏。利用FLAC2D6.0的动力学模块对某岩质边坡在动荷载下的破坏进行了数值模拟分析,结果表明,对于岩质边坡、坡顶附近岩体发生的是以结构面的拉张破坏为主的破坏,坡体下部发生剪切破坏。     

竹城公路层状岩质边坡的稳定性研究

为了研究竹城公路层状岩质边坡的稳定性及防治措施,通过现场调查和赤平投影分析边坡潜在变形滑动机理;利用UDEC软件建立层状边坡数值计算模型,分析开挖过程中岩土体的变形情况;根据变形破坏模式提出层状岩质边坡的长短锚杆交替复合支护结构.研究结果表明:浅层滑动和楔形体滑动破坏是该公路边坡的主要破坏模式;开挖完毕后左侧边坡存在稳定性隐患;当边坡开挖到第4步时,将发生滑移破坏;长短锚杆交替复合支护结构充分利用了锚杆和岩土体的受力特性,有效加固了边坡.     

基于改进遍布节理模型的岩石基坑开挖稳定性数值分析

为解决现有研究针对开挖于层状岩体中且边坡含高倾角外倾结构面的岩石深基坑开挖稳定性的研究相对欠缺的问题,本文依托徐州市地铁3号线南三环站基坑工程,通过对FLAC3D中既有遍布节理模型的改进,得到了可同时考虑层状岩体变形和强度各向异性的横观各向同性弹塑性遍布节理模型,基于该本构模型采用数值模拟分析的方法对不同岩层倾角条件下基坑及围护结构的变形情况进行了模拟分析。结果表明：地面沉降最大值和围护桩的最大水平位移均受岩层倾角影响,当岩层倾角为50°时上述量值最大。为定量分析岩层倾角影响下围护桩的变形规律,对模拟结果进行了数据拟合,获得了围护桩最大变形与岩层倾角的理论关系。强度折减计算结果表明,岩层倾角为50°时基坑开挖完成后的安全系数最低,并获得了不同岩层倾角下基坑开挖完成后边坡的安全系数分布及基坑边坡的潜在破坏面形式,给出了依托工程围护桩的桩间距优化建议。     

吉牛水电站顺层岩质边坡变形体成因机制及防治效果分析

顺层岩质边坡往往在坡脚进行工程开挖后诱发滑坡等地质灾害,一般采用锚索、抗滑桩等进行防治,但其治理效果如何通常难以检验。本文以吉牛水电站开挖后的顺层岩质边坡为例,结合变形体的地质条件、变形破坏特征、监测数据等资料,采用离散元数值模拟计算方法,分析不同工况条件下的滑坡变形响应过程、基本破坏规律,确定其主要诱发因素及形成机制,并结合防治方案进一步检验治理后的防治效果。研究结果表明,该滑坡为一处主要由前缘开挖诱发的滑移-拉裂式滑坡,并根据其破坏模式和地形地质条件采用深层锚索、中层锚筋束、浅层锚杆、表层喷护等深浅层结合手段进行综合加固。数值模拟结果与实际监测数据均显示变形趋势得到有效控制,工程防治效果良好,对类似的其他工程具有一定指导意义。     

顺层岩质边坡变形破坏特征及稳定性数值模拟

针对顺层岩质边坡岩层结构面倾角θ和边坡角α两个参数,采用离散单元法研究了不同工况下总计270个边坡模型的变形破坏特征,统计得到不同变形破坏模式对应的岩层结构面倾角θ与边坡角α的范围,并基于强度折减法研究了两个参数与边坡稳定性的关系,揭示了顺层岩质边坡变形破坏机制及稳定性特征. 研究结果表明:依据边坡变形破坏特征,提出了四种顺层岩质边坡变形破坏模式,即坡脚沿岩层结构面的滑移-剪切破坏,坡顶沿岩层结构面的滑动-剪切破坏,岩层下缘弯曲-剪切破坏,以及岩层上缘翻折-拉裂破坏. 在此基础上,分析并归纳了这四种模式的产状、变形特征以及可能的破坏模式等一般规律. 边坡安全系数fs随结构面倾角θ的增大先减小后增大,在减小过程中达到最小值后迅速上升,然后变缓回落.边坡安全系数fs随结构面倾角θ变化过程中,当θ约等于α-7. 3°时,fs取得最小值,此时对应的边坡稳定性最差.     

某水电站泄水边坡形成机制分析

以黄河上游拟建的茨哈峡水电站坝后泄水边坡为研究对象,通过野外地质调查、室内试验及数值模拟对其变形破坏特征及机制进行探究。研究结果表明:泄水边坡中上部发生卸荷拉裂破坏;坡体中部发生蠕动变形,表现为平硐内岩体的弯曲倾倒;坡体下部为弱风化岩体,有缓倾节理面发育。该边坡变形破坏机制为顺向层状边坡在自身重力作用、河流的下切作用、上覆岩体的崩塌、坡积物沿坡面的下滑力以及降雨作用下,产生向外的弯曲变形,随着外力作用的继续,岩体弯曲变形向深部和下部发展,坡体表层岩体发生倾倒变形破坏。     

层状岩质边坡倾倒变形破坏特征研究

文章在层状岩质边坡倾倒变形破坏地质现象调查分析和模拟试验的基础上,借用物理学概念定义了边坡倾倒变形角位移ω,并运用数理统计等方法对倾倒变形边坡岩体结构、倾倒岩体折断面形态和岩层倾角变化进行系统研究。研究表明层状边坡弯曲—倾倒—折断破坏后岩体具有不同的结构特征,并以此对边坡倾倒变形强烈程度进行分类;岩体折断面的形态可概括为直线、折线和近弧线等3种类型,以折线最为常见;倾倒变形岩体层面倾角与坡高呈"负指数"关系,建立了以倾倒岩体角位移ω为核心的山区岩质边坡倾倒变形强烈程度分级体系。     

四川凉山州某水库右岸趾板边坡的变形特征及机制研究

为探究边坡开挖过程中,坡体内应力、应变的变化,进而分析边坡的变形机理,本文以四川凉山州某水库右岸趾板边坡为研究对象,通过现场调查、勘探,查明了边坡的基本地质条件、变形破坏特征等,结合地质历史分析方法及FLAC3D数值模拟对边坡的变形机制进行了详细研究.结果表明:该边坡经过人工开挖后,前缘临空条件变好,在施工、降雨等众多因素影响下,边坡变形模式为开挖卸荷、回弹,局部拉裂—蠕滑阶段、前缘局部滑塌解体阶段、后缘拉裂变形阶段;随着开挖的进行,最大剪应变增量逐渐增加,且集中于边坡开挖前缘部位,最大剪应变在剖面上随着向边坡内部呈圆弧形逐渐减小.坡体位移也随着开挖的进行逐渐增加,最大至48.37cm,与现场监测资料边坡趋于蠕滑变形时的位移量基本吻合.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.