关于德布罗意假设和德布罗意波的教学探讨

阐述了德布罗意假设的背景、内容和实验验证，阐明了德布罗意波及其波速的概念，纠正了对德布罗意波的几种错误认识并提出正确解释；对于德布罗意假设和德布罗意波的教学具有参考价值．     

De Broglie波的相速与群速

Ｄｅ Ｂｒｏｇｌｉｅ波的相速和群速是两类不同的速率，相速等于单色波传播速率，群速等于粒子运动速率。文中给出了相速与群速的一般关系。     

加速电场中电子的德布洛意波长

用电场加速电子在电子技术的发展中占有非常重要的地位,电子加速器已经应用到各个工业生产部门和医疗部门。本文主要利用质能关系和德布洛意关系研究电子的德布洛意波长与加速电势之间的关系,并就弱电场和强电场两种情况进行讨论分析。结果表明,在弱电场中电子的德布洛意波长与加速电势的二分之一次方成反比,但在强电场中其关系则大不相同。     

Relating the probability distribution of a de Broglie wave to its phase velocity

We show that the phase velocity in a stationary state of a de Broglie wave can be directly obtained from the probability distribution, i.e. the quantum trajectories, without detailed knowledge of the phase term itself. In other words, the amplitude of a de Broglie wave function describes not only the probability distribution but also the phase velocity distribution. Using this relationship, we comment on two calculations of the Goos-H nchen shift in de Broglie waves.     

一类非局部时滞捕食者-食饵扩散模型的空间动力学

考虑一类带阶段结构的扩散捕食者食饵模型,其中食饵个体经历两个生命阶段,未成熟和成熟阶段,捕食者生物量的转化有一个延迟,食饵生物量的增长遵循一般化的Beverton-Holt函数.就非局部椭圆特征问题的主特征值,建立一致持久性与全局灭绝性.利用波动方法,给出唯一正常数稳态解的全局吸引性.     

An experimental test of non-local realism

Most working scientists hold fast to the concept of 'realism'--a viewpoint according to which an external reality exists independent of observation. But quantum physics has shattered some of our cornerstone beliefs. According to Bell's theorem, any theory that is based on the joint assumption of realism and locality (meaning that local events cannot be affected by actions in space-like separated regions) is at variance with certain quantum predictions. Experiments with entangled pairs of particles have amply confirmed these quantum predictions, thus rendering local realistic theories untenable. Maintaining realism as a fundamental concept would therefore necessitate the introduction of 'spooky' actions that defy locality. Here we show by both theory and experiment that a broad and rather reasonable class of such non-local realistic theories is incompatible with experimentally observable quantum correlations. In the experiment, we measure previously untested correlations between two entangled photons, and show that these correlations violate an inequality proposed by Leggett for non-local realistic theories. Our result suggests that giving up the concept of locality is not sufficient to be consistent with quantum experiments, unless certain intuitive features of realism are abandoned.     

一类指数边界非局部扩散方程的爆破(英文)

主要研究一类带有指数边界流的非局部扩散方程的爆破问题{u_t(x,t) = ∫_ΩJ(x-y)(u(y,t)-u(x,t)) dy + ∫_(RN\Ω)J(x-y) e~(αu(y,t))dy u(x,0) = u_0(x) 证明了当α>0时,非负、非平凡解在有限时间内爆破,并且得到爆破速率估计为 -1/αlnα(T-t) ≤ Pu(·,t) ≤ P_(L∞)(Ω) ≤-1/αln C(T-t)     

高纯四光子GHZ态的实验制备及非定域性研究

采用Ⅱ型参量下转换（SPDC）和后选择技术,实验上制备了保真度达0．831的高纯四光子Greenberger—Home—Zeilinger（GHZ）态．通过理论分析和实验优化,提出一种有效提高四光子对比度的实验方法．同时利用制备的纠缠态,研究了四光子GHZ态的非定域性,得到了对四光子Bell不等式28标准差的偏离,证明制备的态为真正四体纠缠态．本文的研究对实验上获得高对比度的多光子纠缠态及非定域性研究具有非常好的借鉴意义．     

求解一类非局部边界条件微分方程的再生核方法

为研究一类非线性局部边界条件的微分方程的求解问题,在再生核空间利用算子构造了一个收敛的迭代序列,得到了该方程精确解的表达式。数值结果表明,利用再生核理论求解该类方程的方法是有效的。     

N-N非定域的薛定谔方程

本文从六夸克体系P—S方程出发,经过变换、积分,积去内部坐标,得到两个集团,即两个核子之间相对运动的方程。再进一步变换成薛定谔方程形式．     

波长路由WDM网络中"稀疏-部分"波长转换的模型与研究

在波长路由WDM网络中,波长转换是提高阻塞性能的一项关键技术.由于当前波长转换器的价格依然非常昂贵,如何有效利用波长转换器成为一个重要的问题.分析了稀疏-部分波长转换网络的结构,论证了该结构在获得优秀的阻塞性能同时,能显著地节省波长转换器的数目.理论和仿真结果表明,一个仅具有1%～5%波长转换能力的波长路由WDM网络,其性能非常接近于具有全程-完全波长转换能力的WDM网络.     

An aluminium nitride light-emitting diode with a wavelength of 210 nanometres

Compact high-efficiency ultraviolet solid-state light sources--such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes--are of considerable technological interest as alternatives to large, toxic, low-efficiency gas lasers and mercury lamps. Microelectronic fabrication technologies and the environmental sciences both require light sources with shorter emission wavelengths: the former for improved resolution in photolithography and the latter for sensors that can detect minute hazardous particles. In addition, ultraviolet solid-state light sources are also attracting attention for potential applications in high-density optical data storage, biomedical research, water and air purification, and sterilization. Wide-bandgap materials, such as diamond and III-V nitride semiconductors (GaN, AlGaN and AlN; refs 3-10), are potential materials for ultraviolet LEDs and laser diodes, but suffer from difficulties in controlling electrical conduction. Here we report the successful control of both n-type and p-type doping in aluminium nitride (AlN), which has a very wide direct bandgap of 6 eV. This doping strategy allows us to develop an AlN PIN (p-type/intrinsic/n-type) homojunction LED with an emission wavelength of 210 nm, which is the shortest reported to date for any kind of LED. The emission is attributed to an exciton transition, and represents an important step towards achieving exciton-related light-emitting devices as well as replacing gas light sources with solid-state light sources.     

单波长激光记录三维物体彩色反射全息图

银盐全息干版的乳胶收缩将导致其记录的反射全息图再现光的波长漂移.利用这一效应,提出一种记录彩色反射全息图的新方法.首先,利用三原色激光(632.8 nm,514.5 nm,488 nm),记录彩色物体的菲涅耳全息图,以此得到彩色物体的三原色分色像;然后利用单色光(632.8 nm)分别再现3个分色像,并在单色全息干版上记录其反射全息图,并分别对3个反射全息图进行不同的收缩处理,使其再现波长漂移到记录时的三原色波长;最后将3个反射全息图叠合形成夹层全息图即可再现出彩色像,并进行了实验验证.     

基于非局部模型的混凝土损伤的数值模拟

分析了局部损伤模型在进行混凝土应变软化模拟时存在的问题:网络依赖性和零能量损耗问题;在传统的非局部损伤模型中引入光滑的权函数,构造一种新的非局部损伤模型。计算表明该非局部损伤模型可较好避免有限元在应变软化模拟时的网络依赖性,预测出的荷载-位移反应与实际情况吻合较好。     

可单波长激发的荧光纳米粒子的合成与表征

根据荧光共振能量转移(FRET)原理,先选定了能级匹配的给体(4-乙氧基-9-(2-羟乙基)-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺(EHNI))和受体(硝基苯并二恶唑基染料(NBD)),采用一步细乳液聚合方法将这2种生色团引入单个的聚合物纳米粒子.制得的荧光纳米粒子兼有EHNI和NBD 2种染料的光谱特性,证明了2种生色团已经结合进入纳米粒子中.并且通过改变这2种染料的掺杂比例,在单一波长激发下,通过发生荧光共振能量转移,聚合物纳米粒子表现出多色,及可调控、可区分的荧光发射信号.     

All-optical wavelength converter using a microdisk resonator integrated with p-n junctions

We explore all-optical wavelength conversion in a microdisk resonator integrated with interleaved p-n junctions. Numerical simulation based on temporal coupled mode theory is performed to study the free-carrier dynamics inside the cavity. It reveals that the detuning of pump and probe frequencies and the carrier lifetime have a significant effect on the device performance. Experimental result confirms that the conversion speed can be considerably improved by applying a reverse bias on the p-n junctions. Wavelength conversion at 10 Gb/s data rate is achieved with a pump power of 5.41 dBm and a bias voltage of -6 V.     

利用部分纠缠态确定性实现量子远程态制备

提出了一种利用局域操作和经典通讯经由任一纠缠纯态与辅助纠缠态远程实现量子态制备的方案.该方案由一个广义测量(即正定算符值测量,简称POVM)、单边经典通讯和相应的幺正操作来完成.首先,讨论了两维部分纠缠态作通道的情形,然后将其推广到高维粒子纠缠态的情况.     

利用非线性介观电路制备相干态的叠加态

对含源非线性介观电路进行量子力学处理.研究表明:由于电源和非线性双向二极管的影响,使得在非线性介观电路可以由初始的真空态演化为相干态的叠加态,从而提出了在非线性介观电路可以制备相干态的叠加态方法.     

利用非线性介观电路制备相干态的叠加态

对含源非线性介观电路进行量子力学处理。研究表明：由于电源和非线性双向二极管的影响,使得在非线性介观电路可以由初始的真空态演化为相干态的叠加态,从而提出了在非线性介观电路可以制备相干态的叠加态方法。     

一种新型短波长光吸收纳米复合材料的合成与表征

提出了一种具有包覆共掺杂结构的金属纳米粒子偶氮染料复合物(metallic nanoparticles azo—dye compound，简写为MNPADC)纳米复合材料合成的新方法．用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描探针显微镜(SPM)、紫外一可见分光光度计(UV—Vis)和热重分析仪(TGA)表征了复合材料的物理性能，分析了其吸收蓝移及热稳定性提高的机理．结果表明，该材料在400～450nm蓝紫波段具有良好的吸收强度和热稳定性，可望作为与GaN半导体激光器匹配的新型光记录介质，为短波长光存储材料的合成提供有效途径．