TD_LTE移动终端NC系统VAD模块的改进和实现

经过详细研究信号和噪声时频域的不同特性，提出了一种改进的VAD算法。改进前的VAD算法是一种静态的语音停顿周期检测算法，在信噪比很低时，检测性能变差；改进后的VAD算法在信号的全频带，低频带和高频带动态跟踪信号的短时功率包络，多次门限比较后，当出现语音停顿周期时，将做出基于帧的判决。为了验证改进VAD算法在TD_LTE手机NC系统中的应用能力，测试了在不同噪声、不同信噪比情况下的NC系统指标，并与传统NC系统做了比较。经评测，含新VAD算法的改进后NC算法能提高信噪比，并帮助TD_LTE移动终端顺利通过入网测试。     

MIMO系统中基于置信度传播的多用户检测算法

MIMO (mltiple-input, mltiple-output) 系统中不同发送天线发射的信号在接收天线上叠加, 形成相互干扰, 可以采用多用户检测算法进行解调以提高系统性能. 因此提出将LDPC码解码理论中的置信度传播(belief propagation)思想引入MIMO系统的解调技术, 从而得到了一种新的基于置信度传播的多用户检测算法. 新算法的复杂度只与发送/接收天线数目的平方成正比. 仿真结果表明, 新算法在低信噪比条件下误比特率性能优于传统的线性MMSE多用户检测器, 但在高信噪比条件下则存在误比特率的“地板效应”, 因此比较适合于采用信道编码的系统. 虽然该算法是基于MIMO系统地推导而来的, 但显然它也可以被推广应用到一般的CDMA系统中去.     

高速便携式视觉信号采集系统的设计与实现

为了实现高速便携式工业零件检测系统后续图像处理的要求,结合FPGA高速性的优点,设计并实现了面向高速便携式视觉检测系统的图像采集模块.充分利用FPGA内部的RAM作为数据缓冲区,用于保存视频解码器解码后得到的数字图像信息,将缓冲区的数据以异步读取的方式写入到内存DDR2中,并通过FPGA产生的控制信号在TFT-LCD上显示采集到零件图像.通过在硬件平台的实验证明了图像采集模块设计的合理性与可行性,能够满足检测系统后续图像处理的要求.     

低信噪比条件下在短时信号中提取目标径向加速度方法研究

为了从低信噪比的雷达回波信号中提取目标径向加速度参数, 采用了分数Fourier变换工具对短时雷达回波进行分析, 定量推导了在匹配分数Fourier变换域中信号的聚集峰值同信号时长及信号调频率之间的关系, 在信号时长一定的条件下, 提出通过将采样信号与已知调频信号相乘来改变信号调频率的方法, 使新产生的信号在匹配分数变换域中信号的聚集峰值将大于原信号的聚集峰值, 从而实现了低信噪比雷达目标中径向加速度参数的估计, 仿真验证实验证明了该方法的有效性.     

MIMO-OFDM系统中基于变分Bayes EM算法的联合符号检测与鲁棒Kalman信道跟踪

基于变分Bayes期望最大化VBEM(variational Bsayes expectation maximization)算法和Turbo原理,提出了快时变信道条件下MIMO-OFDM系统中的联合符号检测与信道估计算法.在VBEM框架下,信号检测和信道估计分别由修正的列表球形译码算法和软输入Kalman算法完成,检测器和估计器分别考虑了信道和检测信号的估计误差协方差矩阵.当信道时变剧烈时,存在较大检测误差的数据在软输入Kalman算法中引入异常值(outliers),由于Kalman算法对于异常值的敏感性,系统会在错误传播的影响下出现误码平台.为削弱异常值的影响,利用鲁棒统计理论设计了VBEM框架下改进的鲁棒软输入Kalman算法,该算法能在出现异常值的条件下保持较好的信道跟踪能力.仿真结果表明:在快速时变多径信道条件下,文中设计的鲁棒VBEM算法优于传统的VBEM算法和EM算法.     

多输入多输出系统中基于长方阻塞矩阵的酉多级Wiener降秩联合检测算法

针对传统均衡算法复杂度高、收敛速度慢的问题,提出了一种基于长方阻塞矩阵的多级Wiener降秩联合检测算法,其中的多级Wiener滤波器通过相关相减结构来实现,即酉多级Wiener滤波器.该算法选取酉多级Wiener滤波器阻塞矩阵中的一个长方子阵作为阻塞矩阵,使得酉多级Wiener滤波器前向递推分解中接收信号向量的维数逐级降低,从而在降低了均衡的迭代复杂度的同时,加快了算法的收敛速度.理论分析和仿真结果表明,基于长方阻塞矩阵的酉多级Wiener联合检测算法具有复杂度低、收敛速度快的优点.在具有4根发射天线、8根接收天线,并且采用BPSK调制的V-BLAST(vertical Bell labs layered space-time)系统中,采用本算法仅用基于酉多级Wiener滤波的均衡算法一半的计算复杂度在高信噪比处即可达到与其相同的误码性能.     

一种基于谱相减法的声信号时延估计

利用信号增强算法，结合广义互相关时延估计原理，提出一种声信号时延估计算法。在噪声背景下先采用谱相减法从带噪信号中估计出原始声信号，提高信噪比，利用四元立体传声器阵列和广义互相关算法原理，对相关数据进行加权处理得到较高精度的时廷估计值。该算法可以有效抑制空间加性噪声，得到有效声信号准确的时延估计。实验仿真结果表明了该算法的可行性，在信噪比较低的情况下，与单一使用广义互相关函数相比，极大地提高了时延估计算法的准确程度。     

基于DSP的超声波无损检测系统的设计与实现

介绍了基于DSP和FPGA硬件平台上开发的超声波无损检测系统；阐述了超声波无损检测的基本原理；给出了系统主要部分的硬件设计以及整体软件流程。该系统完成了超声波信号的发射和采集，波形在彩色Trr液晶上的实时显示，SD卡读写。据此系统所研发的仪器已经在检测混凝土缺陷上投入使用，对建i~_x-程中混凝土质量检测有巨大的推动作用。     

双模神经信息无线检测系统的设计与实现

介绍了一种可同时检测神经电生理信号和电化学信号的无线双模神经信息实时检测系统.系统由双模神经信息检测模块、控制模块、无线发射和接收模块以及上位机显示软件组成,其电流和电压分辨率分别为0.06nA和0.6μV.为验证系统性能,分别进行了电生理实验、电化学实验以及双模联测实验.利用模拟神经信号发生器进行电生理信号检测获得了信噪比可达S/N=11的神经动作电位.在抗坏血酸溶液的电化学实验中,以实验室自制的平面电极做工作电极,在0～285μM的浓度范围内电流响应的相关系数为0.99036.最后结合基于LabVIEW的上位机软件进行了双模联测实验.结果表明本系统成功实现了双模神经信息的无线检测.     

负信噪比直扩信号的基带码盲检测

研究在没有直扩信号任何先验知识的情形下，利用随机微分方程和能量检测法，从负信噪比直扩信号中盲检测出载波信号．利用非线性信号噪声减缩的理论和小波多尺度算法，从载波信号中盲检测出基带码．计算机模拟表明，能够从载噪比为-27dB的直扩信号中盲检测出载波信号．已知载波频率，能从载噪比为-10dB的直扩信号中盲检测出载波信号上的基带码，其从误码率为10^-4．     

Implications of toxins in the ecology and evolution of plant pathogenic microorganisms: Bacteria

This review attempts to rationalise what is known about bacterial phytotoxins and associate it with the ecology and possible evolution of the producing organisms. Study of non-toxin producing variants gives insight into the ecological role of the toxin. Elucidation of chemical structures of phytotoxins has shown that many exist as families of analogous compounds. Studies on the variation of chemical structures and how they are distributed across species and genera can lead to development of hypotheses on evolutionary relationships. Knowledge on biosynthetic pathways to tosins allows recognition of specific enzymatic steps involved in developing the characteristic features of the structures. Phytotoxins often have a potent biochemical activity, and in some cases the producing organism has associated mechanisms to prevent action of the toxin upon itself; in such cases toxigenesis is clearly not a chance event. The various aspects of bacterial toxigenesis indicate that bacterial phytotoxins are special secondary metabolic products that play beneficial roles to the producing organisms in their various ecological niches.     

Inherent properties and statistics with individual particles in quantum mechanics

This paper puts forward the hypothesis that the distinctive features of quantum statistics are exclusively determined by the nature of the properties it describes. In particular, all statistically relevant properties of identical quantum particles in many-particle systems are conjectured to be irreducible, ‘inherent’ properties only belonging to the whole system. This allows one to explain quantum statistics without endorsing the ‘Received View’ that particles are non-individuals, or postulating that quantum systems obey peculiar probability distributions, or assuming that there are primitive restrictions on the range of states accessible to such systems. With this, the need for an unambiguously metaphysical explanation of certain physical facts is acknowledged and satisfied.     

Instar-specific defensive secretions of stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Defensive secretions (allomones) from first-instar nymphs of stink bugs in the subfamily Pentatominae contain (E)-4-oxo-2-decenal as a major constituent, whereas this compound is absent from later instars. In contrast, first instars ofEdessa meditabunda (Edessinae) produce allomones like those of later instars. The C₆ and C₈ (E)-4-oxo-2-alkenals are common, characteristic exocrine compounds of nymphal and adult Heteroptera, but (E)-4-oxo-2-decenal is previously unknown as a major natural product for which a biological role has yet to be established.     

Spasmin-like proteins in various ciliates revealed by antibody to purified spasmins ofCarchesium polypinum

Summary It was found that some ciliates,Stentor, Spirostomum andBlepharisma, which can contract rapidly like the stalks of Vorticellidae, have Ca²⁺-binding proteins that are very similar to spasmins, in the immunological sense. The presence of spasmins in other Protozoa and in some Metazoa was also investigated.     

Partial sequence of the gene for a serine protease from a halophilic archaeumhaloferax mediterranei R4, and nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA encoding genes from several halophilic archaea

A part of the gene coding for a halophilic serine protease from a halophilic archaeumHaloferax mediterranei R4 was amplified by PCR and its 672 nucleotide sequence was determined. Tentative translation to the amino acid sequence suggested that the enzyme was quite similar to halolysin produced by another halophilic archaeum strain 172P1. Nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA encoding genes from 9 halophilic archaea were determined. Alignment of 19 sequences known so far showed that there are more than 20 positions carrying bases or deletions specific for each halobacterial genus:Halobacterium, Haloarcula, Haloferax, andHalococcus.     

Endorcine cells producing regulatory peptides

Summary Recent data on the immunologication of regulatory peptides and related propeptide sequences in endocrine cells and tumours of the gastrointestinal tract pancreas, lung, thyroid, pituitary (ACTH and opioids), adrenals and paraganglia have been revised and discussed. Gastrin, xenopsin, cholecystokinin (CCK), somatostatin, motilin, secretin, GIP (gastric inhibitory beenrevised and discussed. Gastrin, xenopsin, cholecystokinin (CCK), somatostatin, motilin, secretin, GIP (gastric inhibitory polypeptide), neurotensin, glicentin/glucagon-37 and PYY (peptide tyrosine tyrosine) are the main products of gastrointestinal endocrine cells; glucagon, CRF (corticotropin releasing factor), somatostatin, PP (pancreatic polypeptide) and GRF (growth hormone releasing factor), in addition to insulin, are produced in pancreatic islet cells; bombesin-related peptidesare the main markers of pulmonary endocrine cells; calcitonin and CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) occur in thyroid and extrathyroid C cells; ACTH and endorphins in anterior and intermediate lobe pituitary cells, -MSH and CLIP (corticotropoin-like intermediate lobe peptide) in intermediate lobe cells; met- and leu-enkephalins and related peptides in adrenal medullary and paraganglionic cells as well as in some gut (enterochromaffin) cells; NPY (neuropeptide Y) in adrenalin-type adrenal medullary cells, etc.. Both tissue-appropriate and tissue-inappropriate regulatory peptides are produced by endocrine tumours, with inappropriate peptides mostly produced by malignant tumours.     

Evolutionary and ecological implications of cardenolide sequestration in the monarch butterfly

Summary Monarch butterflies sequester cardenolides from their larval host plants in the milkweed genusAsclepias for use in defense against predation. Of 108Asclepias species in North America, monarchs are known to feed as larvae on 27. Research on 11 of these has shown that monarchs sequester cardenolides most effectively, to an asymptote of approximately 350 g/0.1 g dry butterfly, from plants with intermediate cardenolide contents rather than from those with very high or very low cardenolide contents. SinceAsclepias host plant species are distributed widely in space and time across the continent, monarchs exploit them by migration between breeding and overwintering areas. After overwintering in central Mexico, spring migrants east of the Rocky Mountains exploit three predominantAsclepias species in the southern USA that have moderately high cardenolide contents. Monarchs sequester cardenolides very effectively from these species. First generation butterflies are thus well protected against predators and continue the migration north. Across the northern USA and southern Canada most summer breeding occurs on a fourthAsclepias species and in autumn most of these monarchs migrate back to Mexican overwintering sites. The ecological implications of this cycle of cardenolide sequestration for the evolution of monarch migration are discussed.     

Anthelmintic activity of a benzimidazoline compound in sheep by abomasal infusion

Summary In vitro and in vivo data on the benzimidazoline compound indicate anthelmintic potential when introduced directly into the abomasum.     

Bioaccumulation processes in ecosystems

The fate of environmental pollutants — the various isotopes of elements, and inorganic or organic compounds — is a fundamental aspect of ecology and ecotoxicology, and bioaccumulation is a phenomenon often discussed in this context. Human activities have drastically altered natural concentrations of many substances in the environment and added numerous new chemicals. An understanding of the processes of bioaccumulation is important for several reasons. 1) Bioaccumulation in organisms may enhance the persistence of industrial chemicals in the ecosystem as a whole, since they can be fixed in the tissues of organisms. 2) Stored chemicals are not exposed to direct physical, chemical, or biochemical degradation. 3) Stored chemicals can directly affect an individual's health. 4) Predators of those organisms that have bioaccumulated harmful substances may be endangered by food chain effects. While former theories on the processes of bioaccumulation focused on single aspects that affect the extent of accumulation (such as the trophic level within the food chain or the lipophilicity of the chemical), modern theories are based on compartmental kinetics and the integration of various environmental interactions. Concepts include results from quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR), pharmacokinetics, ecophysiology and general biology, molecular genetic aspects and selection, and finally the structure of communities and man-made alterations in them.     

Cognition wars

In what kinds of physical systems can cognition be realized? There are currently competing answers among scientists and theorists of cognition. There are many plant scientists who maintain that cognition can be realized in plants. There are biological scientists who maintain that cognition is materially realized in bacteria. In this paper, I will present the basis for such claims and evaluate them and discuss the future for theories of the metaphysical basis of cognition in the cognitive sciences.