不结冰的高速公路

高速公路的路面一旦结冰,不但会影响车辆的行驶速度,导致大量路段的拥堵,而且还很容易引发交通事故。为此,我设计了一种不结冰的高速公路:首先,在冬天容易结冰的路段下埋设两根钢管,它们的间距与汽车左、右车轮的距离差不多,然后每隔一定的距离在钢管上设置一个可以进出的风口。这样,当路面出现结冰的情况时,只要用热风机向钢管内输入热风,路面的雪水就无法凝结起来了。     

高速公路路段标识站点布置方法

为对高速公路路段标识站点进行合理布置,依据支撑树性质,计算出高速公路路段标识站点数量,同时依据高速公路路段交通量,引入高速公路路段权值,即路段车流量大的路段权值小,利用破圈法求得高速公路网连通图G的最小支撑树,得到高速公路路段标识站点合理的布置位置,即高速公路路段标识站位于求解最小支撑树过程中删去的边,该布置方法能够避免高速公路路段标识站的车辆识别装置产生车辆识别错误和遗漏,同时提高车辆识别装置的可靠性。     

湖北高速公路路面温度变化特征及预报模型

利用2009年～2011年湖北省武英高速公路凤凰观交通自动站观测资料，分析了武英高速凤凰观路段不同季节和不同天气状况下路面温度的日变化特征.结果表明，路面温度和气温一样存在明显的日变化和季节差异，两者在开始升温、降温、最高、最低值出现时间存在一定差异.不同天空状况下，路面温度和气温的最高值出现时间不同，两者的差值也有很大差异.在以上分析基础上，进一步筛选气温、日照、日较差、云量、相对湿度等预报因子，建立了武英高速凤凰观路段最低和最高路面温度统计预报模型.经检验，模型冬季最低路面温度预报平均绝对误差值为1.1℃，具有很好实际应用价值，夏季最高路面温度预报误差值达3.1℃，实际应用中需要适当修订.     

NovaChip超薄磨耗层施工技术在金丽温高速公路温州段养护罩面中的应用

本文通过超薄磨耗层施工技术NovaChip在金丽温高速公路的具体应用,主要就试验路段的概况、材料及设备的选择、配合比设计、路面病害处理、施工工艺、试验路段检测等方面进行了分析,结果表明：施工效率更高,路面结构层的粘结情况良好,造价降低,提高了路面的抗滑性能,解决了路面横向排水、冬季结冰等问题。     

承德境内高速公路交通气象服务分析

通过对承德境内高速公路各路段灾害性天气历史气候资料进行分析,确定雾、雨、雪、大风、高低温等灾害性天气的交通气象服务的关键性路段和关键期,制定高速公路安全运营气象灾害防御地方标准,制作交通气象服务应急管理发布流程,提出在高速公路沿线布设密度适宜的气象监测站和加强气象对高速公路影响机理研究等利于高速公路安全运营的建议。     

高速公路雾区行车安全与保障技术研究进展

高速公路路网密度的增加和气候环境恶化,使得低能见度雾环境对高速公路行车安全影响日趋严重。从高速公路雾环境行车致危机理、雾区能见度监测预测、雾区管控与安全保障等方面对高速公路雾区行车管控与保障技术的中国研究进展进行综述。分析表明:高速公路雾环境行车安全研究已经从早期的气象角度研究雾的生消和物理化学特征,发展为材料、光学、交通、气候、电子、视觉心理等多学科、多领域交叉融合的综合性研究,相关研究成果涉及范围更广、研究领域细分度更高;雾的致危机理研究主要集中于雾区危险性分级、驾驶视觉心理、驾驶行为、车辆行驶状态变化规律和能见度与交通事故的相关性分析等方面,但尚不够系统全面;雨雾、冰雾等共生性气候的危险等级判定研究还相对缺乏;雾区监测预测理论、监测手段等都有了显著进步,但气象和交通的融合还处于初级阶段,基于微路段和微区域精细化监测预报;特别是团雾路段的实时监测预警尚不能满足实际需求;中国研发的雾区智能诱导警示系统设计理念较国外更先进,与我国国情结合更紧密,但依然存在系统使用耐久性差,安装维护成本高,缺乏国家和行业标准,理论研究有待深入等问题。针对以上存在问题,建议今后努力方向:加强从气象、交通、控制等领域对高速公路雾区行车安全,尤其是多气候耦合路段行车致危机理研究;倡导气象部门和交通部门进行深入协同联动;强化微路段微气候分级分段气象预警预报工作;深入分析雾区诱导机理;加速研发低成本、耐用的雾区诱导设备;从系统论与控制论角度,构建雾区路段分级诱导联动发布系统。     

高速公路桥梁临界结冰风险驾驶行为分析

桥梁是高速公路运行的关键节点,桥面与路面连接特殊的构造特征致使其结冰存在临界点,因此存在的较大的运行风险。为研究路桥连接处临界条件下车辆运行安全状态,对提升高速公路交通安全水平具有重要的意义。论文针对桥梁结冰且路基段未结冰的临界状态下高速公路运行风险行为的问题,研究依托气象环境模拟实验系,对干燥路面、小雪路面、薄冰路面3种路面在临界状态下的摩擦系数进行测定。基于不同路面状态摩擦系数并结合驾驶模拟实验系统,采集平均速度、纵向加速度、横向加速度、方向盘转角4个指标的驶行为数据。结果表明在3种不同临界状态路桥连接处的驾驶行为变化规律特征显著不同,并通过功效系数法计算路桥连接处3中路面状态下的驾驶风险值,可见路桥连接处的临界状态具有较高的风险水平。     

智能控温防冻桥面的构思和设计

中国冬季天气寒冷,路面桥面容易结冰,南方结冰期近1个月,北方时间更长.结冰引起的交通事故和高速公路关闭带来巨大的社会影响和经济损失,故急需采取有效的方法防止路面结冰.利用在桥面铺装层中的钢筋网,修改一个方向的钢筋为钢管,钢管中敷设发热丝,对桥面加热,整个电路使用控制系统根据温度变化自动控制.当桥面温度低于2 ℃时,控温系统自动接通电源,发热丝发热,加热桥面,当桥面温度高于20 ℃时,控温系统自动断开电源,发热丝停止加热桥面,从而实现温度智能可控,并且低温时路面不会结冰,故障时易于检修,车辆能安全通行.     

基于Vissim的高速公路施工路段服务水平的评价

建立了高速公路施工路段交通服务水平的评价指标体系和评价标准,采取多指标综合评价方法对施工路段交通服务水平进行评价,应用Vissim软件对典型双向四车道施工路段的交通运行状态进行交通仿真,并对仿真结果进行评价.评价获得顺利通过,说明了采用施工路段饱和度、平均车速、交通密度、平均行程延误4个指标作为高速公路施工路段交通服务水平的评价指标,采用综合评价方法对高速公路施工路段服务水平进行评价是可行的.     

福银高速公路宁夏段夏季路面最高温度变化分析及预报模型建立

根据福银高速公路宁夏段沿线7个交通气象站2014年夏季(6~8月)的路面温度、气温、降水等观测资料,分析该路段夏季路面最高温度的变化特征、不同天空状况下路面最高温度与日最高气温的关系,并建立路面最高温度与对应气象站日最高气温的统计预报模型.结果表明,福银高速公路宁夏段夏季路面最高温度具有明显的日变化,在14~15时达到一天中的最高值,日路面最高温度为16.3~54.1℃,晴、多云、阴天的路面最高温度均大于日最高气温,雨天大部分交通站路面最高温度大于日最高气温,个别交通站路面最高温度低于日最高气温.预报模型相关性显著,可进一步应用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.