几何非线性连续体结构拓扑优化仿生方法

利用基于Wolff法则的仿生方法对几何非线性、线弹性连续体进行拓扑优化.该仿生方法中引入构造张量作为设计变量用于描述设计域内各点处材料微结构的几何特征及其宏观弹性本构.同时,引入参考应变区间并结合Wolff法则用于确定结构中某点处材料的更新方案.考查了结构最优拓扑的网格依赖性以及参考应变区间对结构的最优拓扑及材料分布的影响.数值算例表明,结构的最优拓扑无网格依赖性.几何非线性线弹性连续体结构的最优拓扑明显地依赖于参考应变区间的选取.如果参考应变区间长度为零且荷载为指定位移时,按同比例改变荷载及参考应变区间上确界,可得到相近的最优拓扑和材料的分布.     

犁体曲面的数学模型及程序化辅助设计

犁体曲面形状对土壤、作物品质和产量等均具有重要的影响，研究了基于水平元线法设计犁体时，导曲线等精确性的重要性和快速修改等问题，提出依据绘图思路建立曲线形成过程的几何关系数学模型，应用Matlab&Origin辅助编程获得拟合精确线条的拟合点或拟合关系模型，将获得的拟合数据导入CATIA软件生成犁体曲面模型。结果表明程序法辅助求解数学模型获得的犁体曲面模型精确且易于修改，从而达到对犁体曲面快速优化设计的目的。     

地质体构造变形的“宏微对应”规律探讨

在对安徽巢湖剪切带宏观和微观变形形态进行精细分析的基础上,结合前人对断裂形态分形特征的相关研究,提出了地质体构造变形的“宏微对应”规律,认为同一个地质体构造变形系统中不同级别的构造变形之间其几何形态特征存在较好的相似性或对应性。同一个地质体变形系统中从宏观到微观有多种不同的变形形态类型,并不是所有变形形态都有宏微对应性,但具有宏微对应性的变形构造类型对整个变形系统具有特殊的重要意义。“宏微对应”规律是地质体构造变形中普遍存在的规律,可以作为宏观的大范围构造变形和局部甚至镜下的微观构造变形之间互相预测的一种理论依据,同时由于部分矿物分布与构造变形密切相关,因此这一规律在相关矿物分布的研究中也具有一定的指导意义。     

用于牙体雕塑练习的单个石膏牙模型的制做方法

在口腔基础教学 ,特别是口腔基础实验教学中 ,常应用和借助于石膏牙模型 ,通过观看石膏牙模型标本 ,使学生获得了牙体解剖、牙列、牙弓及牙合等基础知识的感性认识 ,再通过在石膏牙模型上进行牙体解剖形态的雕塑和制作各种各类修复体等 ,既巩固了所学的理论知识 ,又增加了实际操作的机会 ,培养了学生的操作技能。在口腔修复实验教学和口腔内科实验教学中 ,我系和其他医科大学也都是通过自制改良的离体牙石膏模型供学生实习[1] ,以使他们了解牙体解剖形态及掌握各种病的基本操作方法。我系在牙体解剖生理学的教学实践中 ,学生需要雕刻各类牙…     

应用于试衣系统人体建模的点云数据预处理方法研究

对点云数据分层，然后对层截面数据采用柱面坐标排序。对每层截面离散点运用最小二乘拟合后再用B样条基函数加权，由此推算出截面中心和对称线。在此基础上找出特征点备后续构造曲面模型使用。     

辽河油田古近系沙河街组三段储层宏观非均质性研究——以沈84-安12块储层为例

通过对本区辫状河三角洲沉积体系内各微相砂体的平面及空间展布、砂体的几何形态、孔渗特征等研究 ,揭示了辽河油田沈 84-安 1 2块古近系沙河街组三段储层的宏观非均质特征 .对沉积体系内河口坝及水下重力流砂体、水下分流河道砂体、辫状分流河道砂体、决口扇及决口河道砂体的几何形态特征及内部物性分布规律进行了重点分析 ,总结了本区储层特征 :单砂体多数呈正韵律 ,层内孔渗特征差异明显 ,单层层数多 ,砂体沉积微相变化快 ,储层在平面上及垂向上、层间及层内的非均质性较强 .并得出如下结论 :本区三角洲前缘的水下分流河道砂体和三角洲平原的辫状分流河道砂体均达到中孔、中高渗储层标准 ,是本区主要含油砂体 .     

一种牙冠预备体三维数字化模型的就位倒凹检测方法

基于三维扫描和逆向工程技术,研究牙冠预备体就位倒凹的检测及量化方法。在教学用标准牙列石膏模型上,对左侧上颌第一磨牙进行全瓷冠牙体预备。用牙颌模型三维激光扫描仪获取牙冠预备体三维点云数据,在交互提取牙冠预备体特征边缘线的基础上建立就位倒凹检测柱面。结果从牙冠预备体三维数字化模型,得到了就位倒凹的量化指标。说明应用逆向工程软件,初步建立了一种牙冠预备体就位倒凹的定量检测方法。     

利用断层影像法精确描述复杂断裂

目前基于三维地震的构造描述方法已经相对成熟,特别是利用相干数据体进行断层识别具有方法直观、效率高的特点。但当断层面小角度相交时,断层形态和组合就变得复杂,利用上述常规方法很难准确识别,从而影响构造圈闭评价。本文从断层面的几何形态入手,结合断面与地层面、剖面交线及投影的关系,运用解析几何方法分析其几何特征,明确在断层面小角度相交时,斜交断层的剖面容易识别断层间的关系,断层的形态与其平面投影相似,结合断面闭合的断层影像法,可有效判定断层走向、形态及断层间的组合关系。在青东地区,利用研究的方法解决了复杂构造描述问题。     

口腔预备体颈缘线的快速提取

预备体颈缘线的提取技术是保证口腔CAD/CAM修复体边缘密合性的重要环节,对修复体质量和牙周组织健康至关重要.文中提出了一种口腔牙齿预备体颈缘线半自动提取算法.该算法首先对三角网格上的离散曲率进行分析,估算了网格点的曲率值,然后利用"方向"追踪方法快速提取初始特征线,再利用"曲率"吸引策略保持能量最小的方法优化网格特征线.应用实例表明,文中算法是有效的、可行的.     

基于Geomagic Studio的点云数据处理与三维建模技术

该项目用到一款点云数据处理软件Geomagic Studio,在处理非大量点云数据时具有一定优势。该文中,笔者主要介绍利用Geomagic Studio软件处理扫描获取的点云数据生成曲面模型,然后生成三维模型的过程。从数据预处理、提取特征线、构建曲面、生成三维模型4个基本步骤对基于Geomagic Studio点云数据处理三维建模技术进行了分析和总结。     

谐波链传动的啮合齿数及轮齿上载荷的确定方法

根据内摆线针齿行星传动啮合特性及谐波锭传动中各元件之间的几何关系，提出一种确定谐波链传动中刚轮与链条啮合齿数的方法；同时，根据内摆线齿廓的受力特点及受力变形协调条件，推导出确定刚轮轮齿上所受载荷的方法，并用所提出的方法对实际机构的啮合齿数及其刚轮轮齿上作用力的大小作了分析计算．     

拔除阻生智齿中涡轮机法与凿骨劈冠法的比较研究

目的比较涡轮机去骨拔除法(试验组)与凿骨劈冠法(对照组)在拔除中位和低位阻生智齿时的优劣.方法100例(200颗中/低位阻生智齿)均采用自体左右对照,通过掷硬币随机抽样决定试验组和对照组.试验组采用涡轮机拔除法,对照组采用凿骨劈冠拔除法.对手术时间,以及术后疼痛、术后肿胀进行对比观察.结果对于低位阻生齿,涡轮机去骨拔除法手术时间短、术后疼痛及术后肿胀轻.对中位阻生智齿,涡轮机去骨拔除法的手术时间和术后疼痛及肿胀程度大于凿骨劈冠法.结论涡轮机去骨拔除法较凿骨劈冠法在拔除低位阻生齿时具有优势,凿骨劈冠法较涡轮机去骨拔除法在拔除中位阻生智齿时有优势.     

An unusual oviraptorosaurian dinosaur from China

Oviraptorosaurians are an unusual group of theropod dinosaurs, with highly specialized skulls. Here we report a new oviraptorosaurian, Incisivosaurus gauthieri, gen. et sp. nov., from the lowest part of the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China. This oviraptorosaurian displays a number of characters closer to more typical theropods, such as a low skull and toothed jaws, thus greatly reducing the morphological gap between oviraptorosaurs and other theropods. Incisivosaurus has a pair of premaxillary teeth resembling rodent incisors and small, lanceolate cheek teeth with large wear facets. These dental features were previously unknown among theropods and suggest a herbivorous diet. The new discovery provides a case of convergent evolution and demonstrates that non-avian theropods were much more diverse ecologically than previously suspected.     

外伤性脱位牙保留牙髓再植术的临床研究

探讨外伤性脱位牙保留牙髓再植术的临床治疗效果。对97颗不同类型的外伤性脱位牙采用保留牙髓植术．并对治疗方法和治疗效果进行综合分析。结果表明，外伤性脱位牙保留牙髓再植术后，牙髓愈合率为34．02％，正常牙周膜愈合率为55．67％，根管治疗率为62．89％，牙根吸收率为44．33％。可见外伤性脱位牙保留牙髓再植术可获得较高的牙髓愈合率，最大限度地保留活髓，牙周膜愈合率也得到提高，从而提高了患牙的长期保存率。     

On the difficulty of increasing dental complexity

One of the fascinating aspects of the history of life is the apparent increase in morphological complexity through time, a well known example being mammalian cheek tooth evolution. In contrast, experimental studies of development more readily show a decrease in complexity, again well exemplified by mammalian teeth, in which tooth crown features called cusps are frequently lost in mutant and transgenic mice. Here we report that mouse tooth complexity can be increased substantially by adjusting multiple signalling pathways simultaneously. We cultured teeth in vitro and adjusted ectodysplasin (EDA), activin A and sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathways, all of which are individually required for normal tooth development. We quantified tooth complexity using the number of cusps and a topographic measure of surface complexity. The results show that whereas activation of EDA and activin A signalling, and inhibition of SHH signalling, individually cause subtle to moderate increases in complexity, cusp number is doubled when all three pathways are adjusted in unison. Furthermore, the increase in cusp number does not result from an increase in tooth size, but from an altered primary patterning phase of development. The combination of a lack of complex mutants, the paucity of natural variants with complex phenotypes, and our results of greatly increased dental complexity using multiple pathways, suggests that an increase may be inherently different from a decrease in phenotypic complexity.     

滤除血管减影图像噪声的多SE形态金字塔法

在广义形态滤波器的基础上，与金字塔算法结合，提出了一种新的血管减影图像滤波器--多SE形态金字塔.它利用不同的结构元在金字塔的各层图像上进行形态运算，达到多尺度滤出噪声，同时尽可能多地保留图像几何特征的目的.还给出了实例，并与传统的形态金字塔进行比较.结果表明，新滤波器具有更好的噪声抑制和细节保持能力.     

Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy characterization of nickel deposition on bacterial cells

Recently bacterial cells have become attractive biological templates for the fabrication of metal nano- structures or nanomaterials due to their inherent small size, various standard geometrical shapes and abundant source. In this paper, nickel-coated bacterial cells (gram-negative bacteria of Escherichia coli) were fabricated via electroless chemical plating. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization results reveal evident morphological difference between bacterial cells before and after deposition with nickel. The bare cells with smooth surface presented transverse outspreading effect at mica surface. Great changes took place in surface roughness for those bacterial cells after metallization. A large number of nickel nanoparticles were observed to be equably distributed at bacterial surface after activation and subsequent metallization. Furthermore, ultra thin section analytic results validated the presence and uniformity of thin nickel coating at bacte- rial surface after metallization.     

Sinobaatar gen. nov.: First multituberculate from the Jehol Biota of Liaoning, Northeast China

A multituberculate skeleton from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation at Dawangzhangzi, Lingyuan City, Liaoning Province, Northeast China, provides new morphological information for early multituberculates. The specimen is the holotype of Sinobaatar lingyuanensis gen. et sp. nov. It has a narrow skull that lacks the superorbital crest or postorbital process. The dental formula is 3·?·5·2/1·0·3·2. The dental morphology, especially that of cheek teeth, of S. lingyuanensis is similar to that of Eobaatar, which places it in the family Eobaataridae. The postcranial skeleton of Sinobaataris similar to that of other multituberculates. As in Holotheria, Metatarsal V of Sinobaatar articulates only with the cuboid and has no contact with the calcaneus, which probably represents the primitive condition of multituberculates. Nine carpals of Sinobaatar resemble those of Zhangheotherium, except the centrale being larger than the trapezoid. The dental features of Sinobaatar show again that eobaatarids are obviously intermediate between Late Jurassic multituberculates and the later forms. Because eobaatarids are only known from the Early Cretaceous, the finding of Sinobaatar, therefore, supports that the age of the Jehol Biota is most likely Early Cretaceous.     

非创伤无痛技术在儿童乳牙拔除术中的应用及其分析

目的:研究表面麻醉技术在乳牙拔除中的应用及对儿童牙科畏惧心理的影响。方法:选择来我院行乳牙拔除术的学龄前期(3~7岁)和学龄期(7~12岁)且合作的儿童各200例,随机分成表面麻醉组和空白对照组。表面麻醉组用20%苯佐卡因凝胶表面麻醉后行乳牙拔除术,术后观察患儿反应并记录。对照组直接进行乳牙拔除术。结果:无论是学龄前期或学龄期儿童,表面麻醉组和空白对照组术后畏惧程度的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:苯佐卡因凝胶表面麻醉应用于乳牙拔除术对儿童牙科畏惧心理的防治有着很好的作用。     

50例磨牙隐裂的保存治疗的临床疗效观察

目的:分析磨牙隐裂后的临床特点,探讨保存治疗,恢复咀嚼功能的意义。方法:对临床确诊的50例磨牙隐裂进行综合治疗。(1)对有深纹,牙髓活力正常,伴有过敏症状者,调。(2)对伴有牙髓炎或根尖病变者,为防止患牙折裂,经后牙带环外固定,调,常规根管治疗后,观察2周,无症状者,以金属烤瓷牙全冠修复,2年后分析其疗效。结果:通过以上综合治疗,有保存意义的隐裂磨牙经金属烤瓷全冠修复,完全修复患牙正常结构和咀嚼功能45例,失败5例,有效率达90%。结论:对隐裂磨牙采取及时适当的综合治疗,以及综合治疗后全冠修复,绝大多数可保存患牙,恢复咀嚼功能,治疗效果良好。