自由基与纸浆漂白(Ⅱ)

介绍预处理降低未漂浆中的过渡金属离子含量和在漂白过程中添加助剂控制自由基、保护碳水化合物的途径，以便达到提高漂白选择性，改善漂白效果，降低漂白废水污染等目的.     

硫酸盐木浆含酶预处理的无元素氯和全无氯漂白

针叶木硫酸盐浆用木聚糖酶Ｉｒｇａｚｙｍｅ ４０－Ｘ４进行预处理,然后进行各种无元素氯和全无氯漂白。实验结果表明,酶预处理能提高后续漂白效果,提高白度,降低卡伯值,并改善纸浆的粘度,在不用元素氯的情况下,能将纸浆漂白到８８％ＩＳＯ以上的白度。     

蔗渣浆的压力过氧化氢漂白

对烧碱-蒽醌(Soda-AQ)法蔗渣浆分别进行了螯合预处理(Q)和常压过氧化氢(P)、压力过氧化氢(PO)漂白的研究,探讨了单段PO漂白蔗渣浆的可行性.正交试验结果表明,PO漂白蔗渣浆优化的漂白条件为漂白温度100℃、时间80min、压力0.6MPa、NaOH用量0.4%.PO漂白浆的白度较高,达84.0%ISO,特性黏度为825.3mL/g,比QP漂白浆的白度高9.9%ISO;PO漂白浆的物理强度性能也较好,浆料的抗张指数为66.67N.m/g,撕裂指数为9.34mN.m2/g,耐破指数为4.31 kPa.m2/g,耐折度为39次.PO漂白废水的化学耗氧量、生化耗氧量及色度较低,漂白废水可全部逆流回用,大大减少了污染排放.     

大豆蛋白织物的催化漂白

探讨漂白预处理工艺条件，清洗助剂及氧漂工艺条件对大豆蛋白织物漂白效果的影响。得到预处理工艺：FeSO415%(o.w.f）、pH值4－5、70℃处理35min；洗涤条件：0．5g/L的次亚磷酸钠，70℃清洗；漂白条件：稳定剂LJC5g/L、pH值7－8、85℃漂白50min。按上述工艺漂白，效果较为满意。     

自由基与纸浆漂白（Ⅱ）—自由基的控制和碳水化合物的保护

介绍预处理降低未漂浆中的过渡金属离子含量和在漂白过程中添加助剂控制自由基、保护碳水化合物的途径,以便达到提高漂白选择性,改善漂白效果,降低漂白废水污染等目的。     

重组木聚糖酶预处理对麦草浆漂白性能的影响

利用来自里氏木霉不含纤维素酶的重组木聚糖酶对麦草浆进行预处理,以减少后续漂白药剂 的用量,降低漂白废水污染负荷。结果表明：采用重组木聚糖酶预处理时较合适的预处理条件为 pH=60、温度50 ℃、浆浓(质量分数)7 %、时间1 h、酶用量5 μmol/(min·g)。在此处理条件下 ,浆料的卡伯值与原浆和对照浆相比分别降低了27.98 %和18.71 %。麦草浆经过重组木聚糖酶预处 理后再采用次氯酸钠漂白至与对照浆相近白度时(72.6 %,ISO),可以节省用氯量50 %。经重组木聚 糖酶处理后浆料的纤维素结晶度反而有所提高,由原来的60.0 %上升到63.5 %。通过电镜照片观察 ,从理论上证明了重组木聚糖酶预处理可节省后续漂白时漂剂用量。     

改良木聚糖酶辅助漂白芦苇浆的工艺研究

采用分子改良后的木聚糖酶对芦苇浆进行生物预处理,考察了改良木聚糖酶辅助漂白的效果。结果表明,酶预处理可以降低CEH三段漂白中氯化C段的氯气用量60%。改良木聚糖酶预处理辅助漂白芦苇纸浆最佳条件为:pH为7.0,温度60℃,浆浓(质量分数)5%,酶用量12μmol/(min.g),预处理时间60 min。在此条件下C段氯用量降至对照的40%时,酶处理漂后样品白度可达到84.0%(ISO),高出对照样的白度3.7%(ISO)。改良木聚糖酶预处理还能够改善纸浆漂后样的物理性能。     

硫酸盐木浆漂白前木聚糖酶预处理的研究

研究了木聚糖酶用于硫酸盐木浆 H2 O2 漂白前预处理的工艺条件 ,结果表明 ,预处理最佳工艺条件为 :酶用量为每克浆 2 0 IU ,时间 3h,浆浓为 6 %。在相同的 H2 O2 漂白条件下 ,经酶处理后的浆料白度可提高 2 %～ 3% SBD。     

清洁生产技术在碱性过氧化氢预处理漂白化学热磨机械制浆工艺中运用浅析

随着造纸工业的不断发展,碱性过氧化氢预处理漂白化学热磨机械制浆在制浆中起着越来越重要的作用,由于碱性过氧化氢预处理漂白化学热磨机械制浆占地面积小,设备投资少,工艺流程及布局都较为紧凑。相对于单纯的机械浆而言,碱性过氧化氢预处理漂白化学热磨机械制浆具有白度高、松厚度性能好的优点,所以碱性过氧化氢预处理漂白化学热磨机械制浆被国内越来越多的造纸厂所使用。     

桉木硫酸盐浆TCF漂白的研究

研究桉木硫酸盐浆H2O2强化的氧脱木素效果;研究KMnO4和螯合物对桉木硫酸盐氧漂浆H2O2漂白的改善效果,并对其最佳工艺条件及各种因素对漂白效果的影响进行探讨。结果表明：在氧脱木素过程中加入少量的H2O2,就能起到很好的强化效果;氧漂浆在KMnO4的预处理、DTPA处理后再经过H2O2漂白,可使KP法桉木浆白度达80％以上。     

STUDY ON THE ELEMENTAL CHLORINE FREE BLEACHING OF BAMBOO KRAFT PULP

1INTRODUCTIONChina is a country using the most variety of non-wood fiber raw material and is the largest country producing non-wood fiber pulp and paper in the world[1]. Bamboo is one kind of the main non-wood species for papermaking in China. Although the structure of raw materials for papermaking has being adjusted through increasing the proportion of wood pulp and by effectively utilizing waste paper source, non-wood species will still remain an important fiber resource[1,2].At present…     

微波辐射应用于麦草浆漂白工艺的研究

将微波辐射代替传统水浴加热应用于H2O2麦草浆漂白工艺中。研究了微波辐射时间、辐射功率、H2O2用量和NaOH用量等因素对纸浆漂白效果的影响。通过与传统水浴加热漂白对比发现,达到相应白度时微波辐射漂白时间大大缩短;微波辐射漂白纸浆粘度没有过多下降;微波辐射漂白废水中的残余过氧化物只有水浴漂白的10%。正交实验结果表明H2O2用量的影响最大,其次是微波辐射时间和NaOH用量,影响最小的是微波输出功率。最佳实验条件为微波辐射功率240?W、辐射时间25?min、H2O2用量5％和NaOH用量4％时纸浆白度约为59％ISO,纸浆粘度大于620?mL·g-1,纸浆硬度约为390。     

ENZYMATIC BLEACHING OF WHEAT STRAW SODA-AQ PULP BY LMS TREATMENT

Laccase has been proven that it has a good selectivity and efficiency in pulp bleaching. In this paper, the effects of LMS (Laccase Mediator System) treatment on delignification and bleaching of wheat straw pulp at various conditions, such as laccase dosage,temperature, oxygen pressure and pH, were investigated. The TCF sequence including LMS can bleach the wheat straw pulp to 81% ISO brightness with good strength. The synergetic biobleaching of LMS and xylanase of wheat straw pulp was also investigated. It was found that the final brightness and strength of synergetic biobleaching pulps increased to a certain extent and the bleaching selectivity was improved. The combination of the enzymes is feasible for the delignification and bleaching.     

中浓纸浆清洁漂白技术的理论与实践

纸浆传统低浓含氯漂白方法(如CEH)存在对环境污染、水耗和能耗大、不可能适应大产能的要求等问题,需要用中浓氧脱木素、中浓二氧化氯漂白、中浓过氧化氢漂白及它们的组合等清洁漂白技术来取代.文中结合各类清洁漂白技术的特点,研究适用于各浆种的中浓氧脱木素、中浓过氧化氢等漂白技术,结合工程实践,提出适合我国国情的中浓纸浆少污染漂白技术及全无氯漂白技术,从而满足日益严格的环保要求,实现清洁漂白生产.     

CHLORINE DIOXIDE BLEACHING OF NaOH-AQ WHEAT STRAW PULP

The influences of chlorine dioxide bleaching of NaOH-AQ wheat straw pulp were studied in this paper. The results showed that the optimal conditions were as follows: chlorine dioxide dosage 1.0%,initial pH 4.0, pulp consistency 8% and 70℃ for 150 minutes. Furthermore, some ways of rebuild the conventional CEH bleaching sequence were put forward, such as CED, DED, DCED, and we draw a conclusion that CED, DCED has higher bleaching efficiency than the CEH bleaching process.     

微波技术在竹浆漂白中的应用

用正交实验法探讨了在微波辐射下次氯酸钠漂白硫酸盐竹浆的工艺条件,结果表明,微波辐射用于硫酸盐竹浆次氯酸盐单段漂白的最佳工艺条件为:微波辐射功率480W,辐射时间2min,用氯量4.29%,氢氧化钠用量1%,浆料浓度12%.在此条件下,纸浆白度可达72.9%IS0;而在相同条件下达到此白度,传统水浴加热则需要90min的时间。因此,微波辐射竹浆次氟酸钠单段漂白能节约能源和提高生产效率.     

THE STUDY ON TCF BLEACHING OF NS REED PULP

In this paper, we have researched TCF bleaching on reed pulp including oxygen delignification, oxygen delignification with H2O2 intensification and H2O2 bleaching. The results show that Op-P bleaching process on NS reed pulp is suitable and the brightness of bleached pulp is up to 82% ISO.     

MODIFIED OPAL:A NOVEL STABILIZER FOR HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BLEACHING OF PULPS

The possibility of modified opal as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching was investigated. The results showed that the modified opal in place of sodium silicate as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching is feasible. At the same dosage, above 3% ISO can be increased for both wheat straw pulp and deinked pulp. The stabilizing ability of the modified opal to hydrogen peroxide bleaching of pulp is improved markedly. It is favorable for bleaching to increase temperature and time within a permissive extent. The suitable process conditions are 10% of pulp consistency, 3% of hydrogen peroxide, 1.5% of sodium hydroxide, 3% of the modified opal, 70℃ and 60 min when the modified opal is used as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching. At these conditions, the brightness gain can reach about 16% ISO for wheat straw pulp. In addition, it is favorable for bleaching to add a little magnesium sulfate when the modified opal is used as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching, the brightness of pulp can increase I%ISO if0.05% of magnesium sulfate is added. The cost analysis indicated that the modified opal is superior to sodium silicate as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching in economical aspect and has further the potential of market development.     

木聚糖酶漂白机理的形态研究

用扫描电镜观察经木聚糖酶处理过的纸浆纤维样品,发现木聚糖酶可使纤维的表面和内部超微结构发生变化。结果表明,产自于黑曲霉的１＃木聚糖酶和产自于里氏木霉的２＃木聚糖酶由于含纤维素酶活较高,故经处理后的纤维结构遭受严重损伤,因此也降低了纤维强度;而产自于荧光假单孢菌的３＃木聚糖酶由于含纤维素酶活较低,故经预处理后可使纤维表面和横断面上产生比较均匀的孔洞和裂隙,既可增加后续漂剂的渗透性,又不影响纤维的强度,是马尾松ＫＰ浆进行生物预处理的较为理想的木聚糖酶。