Pygo2转基因小鼠模型的建立及表型的初步分析

主要通过建立Pygo2转基因小鼠的模型对其表型进行初步分析.首先构建K14-2×flag-Pygo的转基因构件,经酶切、纯化后构建Pygo2转基因小鼠.出生后的仔鼠用PCR和Western方法检测基因型,并通过进一步的免疫组化验证Pygo2基因的表达.PCR检测获得7只转基因阳性鼠,6只Western检测为阳性.对转基因小鼠子代的胚胎和成体进行免疫组化证明,Pygo2基因在皮肤和乳腺组织中有过量表达.转基因小鼠的皮肤、乳腺以及鼠尾椎骨等组织出现了异常的表型.乳腺中有肿瘤组织的形成,且Pygo2在肿瘤中有大量表达.该模型的成功建立为进一步研究Pygo2的功能奠定了基础.     

蚯蚓冻干粉对高血脂小鼠胆固醇逆转运相关基因的调节作用

以高脂饲料饲喂昆明种小鼠构建高血脂小鼠模型,灌胃给予高、中、低剂量(0.4,0.2,0.1g/kg)蚯蚓冻干粉,每天1次,同时饲喂高脂饲料,以仅饲喂高脂饲料组小鼠为对照,共饲养10周.提取小鼠肝脏总RNA,应用半定量RT-PCR技术检测实验组与对照组小鼠胆固醇逆转运相关基因卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶(lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase,LCAT)和脂蛋白酯酶(lipoprotein lipase,LPL)mRNA表达水平.结果表明,蚯蚓冻干粉极显著提高实验组小鼠LCAT mRNA表达水平(P0.01),显著提高LPL mRNA表达水平(P0.05),提示这是蚯蚓冻干粉能够降低高血脂小鼠血浆胆固醇水平的原因之一.     

Foxo1突变体转基因,ob/ob小鼠建立与表型分析

Foxo1是瘦素作用的负调控因子,实验室前期工作发现,其突变体Foxo1ΔDBD可导致转基因小鼠体重降低等表现型,本实验旨在研究转基因小鼠此表型与瘦素作用的关系.首先采用ALZET?渗透泵的方法对成年雄性的具有瘦素基因缺陷(ob/ob)小鼠进行10 d的瘦素处理,使其获得生育能力,然后采用动物杂交的方法制备双基因改造鼠,即ob/ob基因遗传背景的Foxo1ΔDBD转基因小鼠(Foxo1ΔDBD/+,ob/ob).经PCR扩增的方法进行基因型鉴定后,对双基因改造鼠的体重、体温等表型进行分析.结果显示:①植入含瘦素溶液的ALZET?渗透泵10 d后的4只雄性ob/ob小鼠全部获得了生育能力.②成功制备了46只双基因改造鼠,39只ob/ob小鼠等.③表型分析结果显示,无ob/ob遗传背景的转基因Foxo1ΔDBD小鼠(Foxo1ΔDBD/+)与野生型小鼠相比,体重显著性降低(P0.05),棕色脂肪内的UCP1转录水平显著升高(P0.05);而双基因改造鼠和ob/ob小鼠相比,体重、体温、空腹血糖和采食量均无显著性差异(P0.05),且UCP1转录水平上的表达也无显著性差异(P0.05).本实验成功制备了双基因改造鼠,并进行了表型分析,结果表明Foxo1ΔDBD转基因小鼠的体重降低和棕色脂肪UCP1转录升高等表现依赖瘦素的作用.     

高G-C含量突变型Foxo1转基因动物基因型鉴定PCR方法的建立

为解决因目的基因G-C(鸟嘌呤-胞嘧啶碱基对)含量过高导致的目的基因扩增困难,以及操作过程中多环节引起的DNA污染导致的假阳性问题.本研究以突变型Foxo1(Forkhead转录因子1)转基因小鼠作为对象,就高G-C含量转基因的PCR方法和多个环节避免DNA污染进行了探索,结果显示,实验中消除了PCR的假阴性和假阳性现象,得到了准确的突变型Foxo1转基因小鼠的基因型鉴定结果.     

番茄SlWRKY80基因共抑制表达影响转基因植株抗逆性的研究

利用植物基因工程技术,构建了植物表达载体pBI121-35S::SlWRKY80,并利用根癌农杆菌介导法转化番茄,得到转基因阳性植株.通过生物信息学分析SlWRKY80蛋白序列与9种物种进行同源比对,发现高度保守的WRKY结构域和C2HC型锌指结构.采用Real-Time PCR分析转基因植株中SlWRKY80mRNA的表达情况,结果显示SlWRKY80的表达量显著下调,出现共抑制现象.用不同浓度的NaCl对转基因种子和野生型种子进行胁迫处理,结果显示在NaCl浓度为100mM和150mM时,转基因幼苗初生根的长度与野生型相比相对较短,显示SlWRKY80对初生根的生长有促进作用;用Pto DC3000接种转基因植株和野生型植株叶片,结果显示野生型植株叶片中细菌增殖率是转基因植株叶片中的2.5倍,显示SlWRKY80在番茄抗病信号转导中扮演负调控作用.     

高山离子芥CbPLDβ基因对转基因烟草抗寒性的影响

为分析高山离子芥CbPLDβ基因的抗寒性价值,本实验构建了高山离子芥CbPLDβ的表达载体PBI121-CbPLDβ并转化烟草,经过筛选及PCR测序鉴定,获得转基因烟草植株.通过低温胁迫实验,分析了转基因烟草的抗寒性,结果表明:外源基因已经整合到烟草基因组中,在低温胁迫下转基因烟草植株的电解质渗透率普遍低于野生型烟草,而游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的含量均高于野生型烟草,说明CbPLDβ基因提高了烟草抵抗低温的能力.     

高山离子芥磷脂酶Dα编码区基因序列克隆与表达载体构建

磷脂酶D(PLD)是重要的细胞磷脂代谢酶,在植物的生长及对不良环境胁迫的抵御反应中起重要作用.本试验以高山离子芥(Chorispora Bungeana)为材料,取幼叶分离mRNA,反转录合成cDNA,PCR扩增加XbaΙ和SacΙ酶切位点的高山离子芥磷脂酶Dα(PLDα)编码区序列、测序.结果表明插入片段为PLDα目的基因片段,全长约1 600bp,blast比对发现该序列与Genbank中报道的拟南芥PLDα基因相比同源率为94.6%.回收纯化PCR产物,克隆至pTG19-T载体双酶切后将目的基因片段定向克隆至pBI-121载体,构建高山离子芥PLDα基因编码区片段的表达载体pBI121-PLDα,双酶切及PCR鉴定结果显示表达载体构建成功,为下一步进行抗逆转基因作物选育奠定了基础.     

PD-1人源化小鼠构建繁殖与基因型鉴定

目的 探讨PD-1人源化小鼠的繁育与基因型鉴定，为进一步研究相关小分子抑制剂的体内药效评价提供动物模型。方法 通过构建PD-1人源化小鼠，获得F1代鼠4只，雌雄交配进行培育繁殖。对每窝仔鼠的数量，存活率等进行记录观察，随后对仔鼠剪尾提取基因组DNA,用PCR法扩增目的基因，然后进行核酸电泳，鉴定基因型。选用F2代纯合型与纯合型雌雄交配，野生型与野生型雌雄交配。结果 鉴定的F2代小鼠有野生型、纯合型和杂合型3种基因型。纯合型与纯合型交配获得F3代仔鼠基因型全部为纯合型。野生型与野生型交配获得F3代仔鼠基因型全部为野生型。结论 成功筛选出PD-1人源化小鼠纯合子基因型，并有效地进行扩群保种，为今后应用该小鼠模型提供实验保障。     

二酰基甘油转移酶对三角褐指藻油脂积累及相关环境因子响应的研究

本文应用RT-PCR和RACE方法扩增出三角褐指藻二酰基甘油转移酶(Ptdgat)全长cDNA,其完整编码框(ORF)为1587 bp,编码528个氨基酸.基于克隆所得Ptdgat的ORF构建了反向互补RNA干扰载体,并用基因枪PDS-1000/He转化野生型三角褐指藻,筛选到了所需的阳性转基因藻.实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)结果揭示:含Ptdgat RNA干扰结构的转基因藻的二酰基甘油转移酶的表达水平比野生型三角褐指藻该酶的表达水平有显著降低;野生型藻和转基因藻的油脂含量定量分析结果揭示:含RNAi干扰结构的转基因三角褐指藻油脂含量也明显低于野生型三角褐指藻.另外本文也揭示了适当浓度的外源培养因子铁、硅和脱落酸(ABA)提高了三角褐指藻Ptdgat基因的表达水平及其油脂含量.     

APP/PS1双转基因小鼠鉴定及生物学功能研究

通过对APP/PS1双转基因小鼠尾部组织进行DNA提取,后续采用PCR扩增、琼脂凝胶电泳实验方法进行条带分析鉴定,比较蛋白酶K法和碱裂法对DNA提取差异,通过行为学实验、免疫荧光实验和Western blot检测小鼠病理产物的表达以验证APP/PS1双转基因小鼠生物学功能改变.结果显示,与蛋白酶K法相比,碱裂法提取的DNA浓度明显较高(P<0.001),纯度无显著性差异(P>0.05).水迷宫行为检测结果显示,定位航行实验中,与野生型比较,两组APP/PS1小鼠平均逃避潜伏期明显延长(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001),空间探索实验中,与野生型比较,两组APP/PS1小鼠穿越平台次数明显减少(P<0.05,P<0.01),目标象限停留时间明显缩短(P<0.01).Y迷宫实验结果显示,与野生型比较,两组APP/PS1转基因小鼠自发交替准确率明显降低(P<0.01).免疫荧光实验结果显示,与野生型小鼠比较,两组APP/PS1转基因小鼠脑部明显产生Aβ沉积(P<0.01,P<0.001).Western blot结果显示,与野生型比较,两组APP/PS1转基因小鼠海马组织Aβ表达量明显增多(P<0.05).以上结果表明,APP/PS1双转基因小鼠在8月龄出现明显Aβ沉积及行为学改变,在DNA提取方面,蛋白酶K法和碱裂法对APP/PS1双转基因小鼠的DNA提取均准确无差异,碱裂法具有简单高效的优点,在常用的定性鉴定方面具有优势.     

高脂饮食对法尼醇受体(FXR)敲除小鼠糖脂代谢及肝脏脂肪变性的影响研究

目的探讨高脂饮食对法尼醇受体（farnesoid X receptor,FXR）敲除小鼠糖脂代谢及肝脏脂肪变性的影响。方法正常饮食（normal diet,ND）组:C57BL/6（wild type,WT）小鼠（n=6）和FXR -/- 小鼠（n=6）给予辐照灭菌维持饲料喂养12周。高脂饮食（high fat diet,HFD）组:C57BL/6小鼠（n=6）和FXR -/- 小鼠（n=6）给予45%高脂饲料喂养12周。小鼠处死后全自动生化分析仪检测血清总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（High density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）、谷丙转氨酶（alanine aminotransferase,ALT）、谷草转氨酶（aspartate aminotransferase,AST）和总胆汁酸（total bile acid,TBA）指标; RT-PCR检测肝脏炎症因子TNF-α、TLR4和FXR下游基因小分子异源二聚体（small heterodimer partner,SHP）、胆固醇7α-羟化酶（cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase,CYP7A1）的相对表达量; HE染色观察肝脏脂肪变性情况。结果高脂饮食喂养条件下,C57BL/6小鼠和FXR -/- 小鼠体质量变化无差异,但相比C57BL/6小鼠,FXR -/- 小鼠表现出更为严重糖耐量受损（P <0. 01）、脂质代谢紊乱（P <0. 01）、血清胆汁酸增高（P <0. 01）、肝脏炎症（P <0. 01）和肝脏脂肪变性。结论 FXR的缺失引起小鼠糖脂代谢紊乱、胆汁酸代谢异常、肝脏脂肪变性,但这种改变需要高脂饮食的诱导。     

两种转基因小鼠生长繁殖方法的研究

目的：对两种转基因小鼠的生长繁殖方法进行研究。方法：在SPF环境下,用C57BL／6小鼠做对照,采取近亲交配的繁殖方法研究其生长繁殖性能,并检测两种转基因小鼠体内荧光蛋白的表达。结果：两种转基因小鼠的生长繁殖性能均与C57BL／6小鼠相一致,所有脏器重量和绝大多数正常血液生化指标与C57BL／6小鼠无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;两种转基因小鼠脑片检测可见在不同的年龄段均有相应荧光蛋白的表达。结论：在SPF环境下采用近亲交配繁殖法培育转基因小鼠是成功的。     

p53 mutant mice that display early ageing-associated phenotypes.

The p53 tumour suppressor is activated by numerous stressors to induce apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, or senescence. To study the biological effects of altered p53 function, we generated mice with a deletion mutation in the first six exons of the p53 gene that express a truncated RNA capable of encoding a carboxy-terminal p53 fragment. This mutation confers phenotypes consistent with activated p53 rather than inactivated p53. Mutant (p53+/m) mice exhibit enhanced resistance to spontaneous tumours compared with wild-type (p53+/+) littermates. As p53+/m mice age, they display an early onset of phenotypes associated with ageing. These include reduced longevity, osteoporosis, generalized organ atrophy and a diminished stress tolerance. A second line of transgenic mice containing a temperature-sensitive mutant allele of p53 also exhibits early ageing phenotypes. These data suggest that p53 has a role in regulating organismal ageing.     

Vill转基因小鼠的制备

摘要:目的　通过制备Vill转基因小鼠研究该基因的功能。 方法与结果　首先由RT-PRC方法获得全长约2605bp的Vill基因;经T载体克隆测序验证后,以克隆载体pMD19-T-Vill为模板,设计引物并引入酶切位点,将PRC扩增产物与pEF6/V5-His-LacZ同时进行酶切、连接,构建表达载体pEF6/V5His-Vill;经真核表达验证后,酶切获得含Vill基因的显微注射DNA构件;显微注射390枚受精卵后,在出生存活的77只仔鼠中获得转基因阳性GO代小鼠19只,其中16只能够稳定遗传并建系,转基因阳性小鼠外观未有明显改变。 结论　Vill转基因小鼠为该基因的功能研究准备了实验材料。     

Effect of HS2 and HS3 elements on erythroid-specific expression in transgenic mice

The expression plasmids CMV/GFP, HS2ALL, HS3ALL and HS23ALL were selected to investigate the effect of HS2 and HS3 element on erythroid-specific expression in transgenic mice. These plasmids were digested with restriction enzymes and purified. And five DNA fragments, CMV/GFP, HS2/GFP, CMV/HS2/GFP, HS23/GFP and HS3/GFP were obtained. After purification, the above DNA fragments were microinjected into the pre-nuclei of the mice fertilized eggs and transgenic mice were generated, with an integration rate of 10.89%. The green fluorescence protein(GFP) expression in many transgenic mouse tissues was determined by FACS analysis. The results showed that the HS2 and 1.7 kb of β-globin gene promoter were sufficient for the erythroid-specific expression of β-globin gene. The GFP expression of different recombinant constructs was also analyzed in blood of all the transgenic mice with FACS. The results indicated that HS2 and HS3 had the same enhancement activity on the regulation of β-globin gene expression. Moreover, these two elements showed a significant synergistic effect on gene expression at the transgenic mouse level, although the GFP expression varied largely among different transgenic mouse litters.     

Promotion of Hras-induced squamous carcinomas by a polymorphic variant of the Patched gene in FVB mice

Mice of the C57BL/6 strain are resistant to the development of skin squamous carcinomas (SCCs) induced by an activated Ras oncogene, whereas FVB/N mice are highly susceptible. The genetic basis of this difference in phenotype is unknown. Here we show that susceptibility to SCC is under the control of a carboxy-terminal polymorphism in the mouse Ptch gene. F1 hybrids between C57BL/6 and FVB/N strains ((B6FVB)F1) are resistant to Ras-induced SCCs, but resistance can be overcome either by elimination of the C57BL/6 Ptch allele (Ptch(B6)) or by overexpression of the FVB/N Ptch allele (Ptch(FVB)) in the epidermis of K5Hras-transgenic (B6FVB)F1 hybrid mice. The human Patched (PTCH) gene is a classical tumour suppressor gene for basal cell carcinomas and medulloblastomas, the loss of which causes increased signalling through the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway. SCCs that develop in PtchB6+/- mice do not lose the wild-type Ptch gene or show evidence of increased SHH signalling. Although Ptch(FVB) overexpression can promote SCC formation, continued expression is not required for tumour maintenance, suggesting a role at an early stage of tumour cell lineage commitment. The Ptch polymorphism affects Hras-induced apoptosis, and binding to Tid1, the mouse homologue of the Drosophila l(2)tid tumour suppressor gene. We propose that Ptch occupies a critical niche in determining basal or squamous cell lineage, and that both tumour types can arise from the same target cell depending on carcinogen exposure and host genetic background.     

多基因突变小鼠模型与动脉粥样硬化研究

目前己知人类有近 2 0 0 0 0种疾病 ,其发生与发展都与基因受损有着直接或间接的关系 ,其中相当一部分疾病的发病涉及到两个以上的基因功能异常。动脉粥样硬化 (AS)、肥胖、糖尿病、高血压等多基因疑难疾病是目前严重影响人类健康的重大疾病。在AS的发病过程中 ,血脂代谢异常是其重要原因之一。在载脂蛋白E(apoE)通过与低密度脂蛋白受体 (LDLR)和乳糜微粒受体的特异性结合 ,介导血浆脂蛋白的转运与清除 ,在脂质的代谢中起着非常重要的作用。瘦素受体 (OB R)在体内介导瘦素的信号传导 ,调节能量代谢与平衡与肥胖以及血脂代谢有关。通过…     

Overexpression of phospholipase <Emphasis Type="Italic">D</Emphasis>α gene enhances drought and salt tolerance of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus tomentosa</Emphasis>

The cDNA of AtPLDa （Arabidopsis thaliana Phospholipase Da） gene was introduced into P. tomentosa （Populus tomentosa） under the control of the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Southern and Northern blot analyses suggested that the AtPLDa gene has been transferred into the P. tomentosa genome. No obvious morphological or developmental difference was observed between the transgenic and wild-type （WT） plants. Drought and salt tolerance and gene expression of seedlings of several transgenic lines and WT plants （control） were studied. The results showed that the rhizogenesis rate and the average root-length of transgenic lines were significantly higher than WT plants after mannitol and NaCI treatment under the same growth conditions. Northern blot analysis indicated that the higher the PLDa expression in the transgenic plants, the more tolerant the transgenic plants are to drought and salt treatment. Meanwhile, another group of these transgenic lines and WT plants （control） were treated with PEG6000 and NaCI separately. The contents of chlorophylls and the activities of some anti- oxidant enzymes （superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase and catalase） as well as malondialdehyde and relative electrical conductivity were analyzed. Altogether, our results demonstrated that overexpression of the PLDa gene can enhance the drought and salt tolerance in transgenic P. tomentosa plants.     

The foxtail millet Si69 gene is a Wali7 (wheat aluminum-induced protein 7) homologue and may function in aluminum tolerance

We isolated a clone, named Si69, from a foxtail millet immature seed cDNA library. The protein encoded by Si69 contains a conserved Wali7 (wheat aluminum induced protein 7) domain and shares high-level homology with aluminum-induced proteins from other species including rice and Arabidopsis. The Si69 gene presents as a single locus in foxtail millet genome and is globally expressed in all tissues examined. Its expression is up-regulated by aluminum. The sequence feature and expression pattern suggest that the Si69 gene is involved in aluminum tolerance or detoxification. To confirm its biological functions, Si69 controlled by the CaMV35S promoter was introduced into Arabidopsis. Transgenic plants did not show any visible morphological changes compared to wild-type plants under normal growth conditions. However, when treated with 20 or 50 μmol/L Aluminum (Al), the root apices of wild-type plants were heavily stained by hematoxylin, whereas those of Si69 transgenic plants were not stained when treated with 20 μmol/L Al and slightly stained when treated with 50 μmol/L Al. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results further demonstrated that the damage of the root apices was severer in wild-type plants than in transgenic plants. Inhibition of root growth and accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of lipid peroxidation, were lower in transgenic plants than in wild-type plants. The results show that overexpression of Si69 may increase Al tolerance in transgenic plants, indicating that a series of Wali7-containing genes may play similar roles in Al tolerance/detoxification.