人骨髓间充质干细胞对小鼠神经干细胞增殖与分化培养的影响

通过在体外培养、鉴定人的骨髓间充质干细胞与小鼠神经干细胞,用骨髓间充质干细胞条件培养基分别在增殖与分化条件下对神经干细胞进行培养.发现,间充质干细胞条件培养基在增殖条件下能加快神经球内神经干细胞的迁移,使神经球解聚,对神经干细胞增殖没有影响;而间充质干细胞条件培养基在分化条件下,能增加神经干细胞向少突胶质细胞分化的能力,降低向星型胶质细胞的分化能力,对向神经元分化能力没有影响,间充质干细胞可能是通过促进神经干细胞迁移、分化而加快神经损伤的修复的.     

人胎骨髓MSCs的分离鉴定及其向脂肪和成骨细胞的分化

目的:分离鉴定人胎骨髓中的间充质样干细胞(m esenchym al-like stem cell,MSCs),探索其体外培养的生物学特性。方法:利用细胞差速贴壁生长特性分离纯化人胎骨髓间充质样干细胞;利用流式细胞仪检测其细胞周期和表面标志;添加常规诱导液诱导其向脂肪、成骨方向分化,并利用特异性细胞化学染色法加以鉴定。结果:从人胎骨髓中成功分离、纯化得到间充质样干细胞,P4代细胞有92.3%的细胞处于G0/G1期;P5代细胞有96.1%的细胞处于G0/G1期;流式细胞仪检测P3代细胞结果显示:人胎骨髓MSC表达CD15、CD29、CD44、CD105、CD106和CD166,不表达造血细胞标志CD34、CD45,不表达与GVHD相关的HLA-DR、CD80、CD86、CD40、CD40L。在经典的诱导条件下,人胎骨髓MSCs可迅速向脂肪及成骨方向分化。结论:人胎骨髓中含有丰富的间充质样干细胞,具有较强的多向分化潜能,且免疫原性弱,是组织工程的较为理想的种子细胞。     

外泌体多角度调节骨平衡治疗骨质疏松症的研究进展

骨质疏松症依旧是世界范围内一个重要的医学和社会经济挑战,其特征是骨量和微结构的全身性损害,最终增加脆性骨折的发病率。成骨细胞起源于多种类型的骨骼干细胞,包括骨骼、间充质干细胞（MSCs）,具有成骨分化潜能。骨髓间充质干细胞可分化为成骨细胞、软骨细胞、骨髓基质细胞、脂肪细胞、肌腱细胞和肌细胞。骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）是新骨形成过程中的重要成分。已经发现成骨细胞和破骨细胞之间的通信是通过被称为外泌体的小膜包围的囊泡颗粒进行的,外泌体能够在循环通路中与周围的细胞膜融合,可用于治疗骨质疏松。笔者通过大量查阅文献,就间充质干细胞及其衍生外泌体治疗骨质疏松症的优势所在作一综述,旨在为临床诊治骨质疏松症提供方案。     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞向脂肪细胞、成骨细胞诱导分化及破骨细胞培养方法的建立

为建立稳定的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞向脂肪细胞、成骨细胞诱导分化及破骨细胞培养的方法,为后续细胞共培养奠定实验基础。采用通过全骨髓贴壁法体外分离、培养、纯化大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的方法,进行形态学观察,并应用流式细胞术检测BMSCs免疫学表型,对其进行鉴定;将获得的第三代BMSCs向脂肪细胞和成骨细胞方向进行诱导分化,诱导21 d后的脂肪细胞应用油红O染色进行鉴定,成骨细胞应用茜素红染色进行鉴定;将获取的骨髓细胞液按照造血系单核干细胞诱导培养法向破骨细胞方向进行诱导分化,于28 d后进行抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色进行鉴定。结果显示,BMSCs体外培养14 d具有独特的细胞免疫学表型,流式细胞术检测,CD29+、CD44+表达量分别为97.92%和89.32%;在脂肪培养基诱导下,油红O染色阳性。在成骨培养基诱导下,茜素红染色阳性;骨髓细胞液在破骨培养基诱导下,抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色阳性。由此可知,建立了稳定的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞向脂肪细胞、成骨细胞诱导分化及破骨细胞诱导分化的培养方法。     

骨髓间充质干细胞诱导分化视网膜神经样细胞的研究进展

视网膜色素变性及老年性黄斑变性是严重威胁视力的疾病,目前临床上缺乏有效的治疗方法。骨髓间充质干细胞(bone mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)有跨胚层分化能力,在一定的条件下可以向神经细胞分化。大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞诱导分化成为视网膜色素细胞的研究为此类疾病的治疗带来了希望,成为近年来该领域的研究热点。本文对近年来不同培养条件对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞定向诱导分化的影响以及视网膜前体细胞眼内移植的进展综述如下。     

骨髓间充质干细胞体内分布及其分子机制

骨髓间充质干细胞是一类具有高度自我更新和多向分化潜能的成体干细胞，在组织修复和基因治疗上有广泛的应用前景。近来研究认为进入循环中的骨髓间充质干细胞可以迁延到广泛的组织，当组织损伤时，还可以特异性迁延到靶组织参与修复。影响骨髓间充质干细胞迁延的机制是近年研究的热点。本文就骨髓间充质干细胞体内分布及其相关分子机制的研究予以综述。     

全骨髓贴壁法分离培养小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞

为体外建立一种高效、稳定的从小鼠骨髓中分离培养间充质干细胞的方法。采用全骨髓贴壁法分离C57BL/6小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,传至第三代后运用流式细胞术检测第三代细胞的表面抗原;取第三代细胞,分别向成骨、成软骨诱导分化。结果显示:流式细胞术检测CD29、Scal-1、CD45的阳性率分别为97.1%、87.1%、0.7%;在成骨培养基的诱导下,碱性磷酸酶染色、茜素红染色均呈阳性;在成软骨培养基的诱导下,阿利辛蓝染色阳性。由此可知,通过此方法可以获得较高纯度的小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,并且具有多向分化潜能。     

脂肪来源干细胞分化潜能的现状研究

与骨髓间充质干细胞一样,来源于中胚层的脂肪,亦具有多向分化潜能,其内含有大量能自我更新和向多系分化潜能的细胞群称为脂肪来源干细胞。其取材方便,来源丰富,可在体外稳定增殖传代。并与骨髓间充质干细胞有相似的多向分化表面标志CD105、STRO-1以及CD166受体。研究发现它具有向多系分化潜能,除可以分化为间充质来源的脂肪、骨、软骨、脂肪以及骨骼肌、心肌等细胞,在特殊的环境条件诱导下,可向神经细胞分化,用以修复骨、软骨、心肌、骨骼肌、血管以及神经等组织。因而,脂肪来源干细胞有望成为组织工程、细胞治疗以及基因转染良好的种子细胞。     

雷氏大疣蛛毒素对间充质干细胞增殖的影响

探究雷氏大疣蛛毒素对间充质干细胞增殖的影响。用不同浓度的雷氏大疣蛛毒素处理间充质干细胞,通过细胞增殖实验(MTS)法测定毒素对间充质干细胞增殖的影响,倒置显微镜观察间充质干细胞的形态学变化,台盼蓝拒染观察间充质干细胞的数量变化。MTS法、倒置显微镜和台盼蓝拒染均得到低浓度的蜘蛛毒素作用于间充质干细胞后细胞数量增加;中浓度的毒素作用于间充质干细胞后,细胞数量与对照组差不多;高浓度的蜘蛛毒素作用于细胞后,细胞数量明显减少。雷氏大疣蛛毒素低浓度促进细胞生长,高浓度抑制细胞生长。     

骨髓间充质干细胞治疗激素性股骨头坏死的分子机制与大豆异黄酮的调节作用

骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)是一种能分化成骨、成软骨等多种骨基质细胞的多能干细胞,可为股骨头塌陷坏死部分提供结构支撑,同时分泌多种生长因子促进成骨形成,为股骨头保髋治疗提供了新的思路.大豆异黄酮对BMSCs的分化具有调节作用,可以通过多种信号通路对BMSCs分化进行调节.本研究主要探讨大豆异黄酮对BMSCs的成骨细胞分化的影响,从而为治疗激素性股骨头坏死(SONFH)提供参考.     

Electrospun Nanofibers of Hydroxyapatite/Collagen/Chitosan Promote Osteogenic Differentiation of BMSCs

Bone tissue engineering, aiming at developing bone substitutes for repair and regeneration of bone defects instead of using autologous bone grafts, has attracted wide attention in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Developing biomimetic biomaterial scaffolds able to regulate osteogenic differentiation of stem cells could be a promising strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy. In this study, clectrospun composite nanofibers of hydroxyapatite/collagen/chitosan （ HAp/Col/CTS ） resembling the fibrous nanostructure and constituents of the hierarchically organized natural bone, were prepared to investigate their capacity for promoting bone mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs） to differentiate into the osteogenic lineage in the absence and presence of the osteogenlc supplementation, respectively. Call morphology, proliferation and quantified specific osteogenic protein expression on the electrospun HAp/Coi/CTS scaffolds were evaluated in comparison with different controls including dectrospun nanofibrous CTS, HAp/CTS and tissue culture plate. Our remits showed that the nanofibrous HAp/Col/CTS scaffolds supported better spreading and proliferation of the BMSCs than other substrates （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Expressions of osteogenesis protein markers, alkaline phosphatase （ALP） and Col, were significantly upregulated on the HAp/Col/CTS than those on the CTS （P 〈0.01） and HAp/ CTS （P 〈 0. 05 ） scaffolds in the absence of the osteogeulc supplementation. Moreover, presence of osteogeulc supplementation also proved to enhance osteogeule differentiation of BMSCs on HAp/ Col/CTS scaffolds, indicative of a synergistic effect. This study highlights the potential of BMSCs/HAp/Col/CTS cell-scaffold system for functional bone repair and regeneration applications.     

Effect of Dy3+on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mouse primary bone marrow stromal cells and adipocytic trans-differentiation of mouse primary osteoblasts

A series of experimental methods including 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity measurement, mineralized function, Oil Red O stain and measurement were employed to assess the effect of Dy³⁺ on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mouse primary bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and the adipogenic trans-differentiation of mouse primary osteoblasts (OBs). The results showed that Dy³⁺ had no effect on BMSC proliferation at concentrations of 1×10⁻⁸ and 1×10⁻⁵ mol/L, but inhibited BMSC proliferation at other concentrations. Dy³⁺ had no effect on OB proliferation at concentrations of 1×10⁻¹⁰ and 1×10⁻⁹ mol/L, but inhibited OB proliferation at other concentrations. Dy³⁺ had no effect on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs at concentrations of 1×10⁻⁹ and 1×10⁻⁷ mol/L, and promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs at other concentrations at the 7th day. The osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was inhibited by Dy³⁺ at concentration of 1×10⁻⁵ mol/L at the 14th day, but promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs at concentrations of 1×10⁻⁹, 1×10⁻⁸, 1×10⁻⁷ and 1×10⁻⁶ mol/L with the maximal effect at concentration of 10⁻⁶ mol/L. Dy³⁺ promoted mineralized function of BMSCs at any concentration. Dy³⁺ had no effect on adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs at concentration of 1×10⁻⁷ mol/L, but inhibited adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs at other concentrations. Dy³⁺ inhibited adipocytic trans-differentiation of OBs at any concentration, suggesting that Dy³⁺ had protective effect on bone and the protective effect on bone may be mediated by modulating differentiation of BMSCs away from the adipocyte and inhibiting adipocytic trans-differentiation of OBs which may promote differentiation and mineralization of OBs. These results may be valuable for better understanding the mechanism of the effect of Dy³⁺ on pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Supported by the Foundation for Key Program of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 208018)     

红景天苷对BMSC生物学特性影响

目的：研究红景天苷对骨髓间充质干细胞（Bonemesenchymalstemcells,BMSCs）生物学活性影响。方法：采用贴壁法分离培养BMSCs,检测细胞表面分子表达对所获干细胞进行鉴定。以终浓度为10¨g／mL红景天苷与BMSCs共培养,通过形态学观察和MTT法分析研究其对BMSCs生物学特性影响。结果：成功培养出BMSCs,免疫荧光染色显示,培养的第3代BMSCs表达CD29、CD44干细胞标志。10μg／mL红景天苷与BMSCs共培养后,较对照组细胞生长更为旺盛,更为规整,形成典型的“鱼群状”。生长曲线显示,实验组细胞较对照组生长稳定,增殖能力活跃。结论：10μg／mL红景天苷可促进BMSCs增殖分化,又不影响细胞增殖分化等生物学特性。     

Effects of genistein, daidzein and glycitein on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells and on the adipogenic trans-differentiation of osteoblasts

The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and oil red O assays were used to examine the effects of genistein, daidzein and glycitein on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of primary mouse bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) and the adipogenic trans-differentiation of primary mouse osteoblasts. The results indicated that daidzein, genistein and glycitein at concentrations from 1×10^-8 mol/L to 1×10^-5 mol/L promoted the proliferation of MSCs and osteoblasts; genistein, daidzein and glycitein promoted osteogenic differentiation and inhibited adipogenic differentiation of MSCs, and inhibited adipocytic transdifferentiation of osteoblasts at appropriate concentrations as 17β-estradiol. It suggests that genistein, daidzein and glycitein regulate a dual differentiational process of MSCs into the osteogenic and adipogenic lineages, and trans-differentiational process of primary osteoblasts into the adipocyte lineages, causing a lineage shift toward osteoblast. Protective effects of them on bone may be mediated by a reversal of adipogenesis which may promote the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts, and make adipocytes secrete less cytokines which may promote osteoclast formation and activation. In addition, the results also indicated that genistein, daidzein and glycitein may be helpful in preventing the development of steroid induced osteonecrosis.     

兔骨髓间充质干细胞复合脱细胞牛松质骨体外相容性研究

探讨脱细胞牛松质骨（Acellular Bovince Cancellous Bone，ABcB）生物衍生材料与骨髓间充质干细胞（bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells，BMSCs）的生物相容性，为组织工程方法修复骨缺损提供依据。将兔骨髓间充质干细胞与ABCB复合并体外培养，然后进行形态学、细胞增殖、蛋白质含量测定。骨髓间充质干细胞能够贴附在ABCB孔隙内生长，细胞生长及蛋白合成功能不受ABCB的影响。ABCB生物相容性良好，可作为组织工程的支架材料应用于骨缺损的修复；BMSCs可以作为骨组织工程种子细胞。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对骨髓基质细胞的生物学效应

目的探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)对骨髓基质细胞(BMSC)粘附、增殖和分化等生物学效应的影响.方法利用体视学计数、MTT法及ALP试剂盒分别测定不同浓度bFGF诱导一定时间后BMSG的粘附特性、增殖和分化情况的变化.结果10n/mLbFGF明显促进BMSG的粘附,但是200ng/mLbFGF反而不利于细胞粘附;在细胞增殖和分化测定中,100ng/mLbFGF明显促进细胞增殖,但细胞碱性磷酸酶含量也最低.结论碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对骨髓基质细胞的生物效应是复杂和多方面的,可以作用于骨髓基质细胞的粘附、增殖和分化等多个环节,这种影响与碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的剂量有关.     

Osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells promoted by overexpression of connective tissue growth factor

Objective: Large segmental bone defect repair remains a clinical and scientific challenge with increasing interest focusing on combining gene transfection with tissue engineering techniques. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods: A CTGF-expressing plasmid (pCTGF) was constructed and transfected into MSCs. Then expressions of bone morphogenesis-related genes, proliferation rate, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization were examined to evaluate the osteogenic potential of the CTGF gene-modified MSCs. Results: Overexpression of CTGF was confirmed in pCTGF-MSCs. pCTGF transfection significantly enhanced the proliferation rates of pCTGF-MSCs (P<0.05). CTGF induced a 7.5-fold increase in cell migration over control (P<0.05). pCTGF transfection enhanced the expression of bone matrix proteins, such as bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, and collagen type I in MSCs. The levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities of pCTGF-MSCs at the 1st and 2nd weeks were 4.0- and 3.0-fold higher than those of MSCs cultured in OS-medium, significantly higher than those of mock-MSCs and normal control MSCs (P<0.05). Overexpression of CTGF in MSCs enhanced the capability to form mineralized nodules. Conclusion: Overexpression of CTGF could improve the osteogenic differentiation ability of MSCs, and the CTGF gene-modified MSCs are potential as novel cell resources of bone tissue engineering.     

Nanofibrous Scaffold Containing Osteoblast-Derived Extracellular Matrix for the Proliferation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Extracellular matrix( ECM) plays a prominent role in establishing and maintaining an appropriate microenvironment for tissue regeneration. The aims of this study were to construct a tissue engineered scaffold by reconstituting osteoblast cell-derived ECM( O-ECM) on the electrospun nanofibrous scaffold,and further to evaluate its subsequent application for promoting the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells( BMSCs). To engineer a biomimetic scaffold, calvarial osteoblasts and electrospun poly-llactic acid( PLLA) nanofibers were prepared and subjected to decellularize for O-ECM deposition. To evaluate and characterize the O-ECM/PLLA scaffold, the morphology was examined and several specific mark proteins of osteoblasts matrix were evaluated.Furthermore,the cell counting kit-8( CCK-8) assay was used to detect the proliferation of the BMSCs cultivated on the O-ECM/PLLA scaffold. The results indicated O-ECM/PLLA scaffold was loaded with Collagen I, Fibronectin, and Laminin, as the composition of the marrow ECM. After decellularization,O-ECM deposition was observed in O-ECM/PLLA scaffold. Moreover,the O-ECM/PLLA scaffold could significantly enhance the proliferation of BMSCs,suggesting better cytocompatibility compared to the other groups tested. Taken together,a biomimetic scaffold based on the joint use of O-ECM and PLLA biomaterials,which represents a promising approach to bone tissue engineering, facilitates the expansion of BMSCs in vitro.     

成骨细胞诱导骨髓基质细胞体外成骨的初步研究

目的:探讨在不使用细胞因子或化学药物的情况下,成骨细胞(Osteoblast,OB)与骨髓基质细胞(Bone Marrow Stromal Cells,BMSCs)混合培养时,成骨细胞提供的成骨微环境能否在体外诱导BMSCs向成骨细胞分化,并复合支架形成成熟的骨组织.研究成骨细胞诱导BMSCs有效成骨的最小比值(指成骨细胞与骨髓基质干细胞数量的比值).方法:SY别培养SD乳鼠的成骨细胞与SD大鼠的BMSCs,将成骨细胞和BMSCs以1:9、2:8、3:7、1:0的不同比例进行混合培养,通过测定第3、6、9天培养液上清中的碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的含量,研究成骨细胞促BMSCs有效成骨的最小比值.将两种细胞以该最小浓度比混匀接种于涂附Ⅰ型胶原壳聚糖材料支架上(直径9 mm,高3mm)作为混合培养组,相同终浓度的单纯成骨细胞和单纯BMSCs分别接种于相同支架作为阳性对照及阴性对照.另设置低比值成骨细胞对照组(仅含有共培养组中相同的成骨细胞数,但不含有共培养组中的BMSCs).全部标本均于体外培养8周后取材,通过大体观察、组织学及免疫组织化学等相关检测对新生骨进行评价.结果:成骨细胞和BMSCs以3:7的比例进行混合培养时已可实现有效成骨.3:7比例的混合培养组及阳性对照组(成骨细胞组)体外培养8周后大体观察和苏木素-伊红染色(HE)、ALP染色基本相同,均表达骨特异性细胞外基质Ⅰ型胶原,形成了较成熟的骨组织.阴性对照组(单纯BMSCs组)和低比值成骨细胞组,原细胞支架复合物变小、变形.低比值成骨细胞组在局部形成了少量的骨组织,阴性对照组(单纯BMSCs组)未能发现骨样组织形成.结论:在不使用细胞因子或化学药物的情况下,成骨细胞提供的成骨微环境能够在体外诱导BMSCs向成骨细胞分化并形成成熟的骨组织.混合细胞中成骨细胞与BMSCs的比例为3:7时是有效成骨的最小比值.     

BMSCs分化为NCs的拉曼光谱研究

分离培养大鼠BMSCs并诱导分化为NCs,应用拉曼光谱仪测定两种细胞的光谱,分析细胞内部蛋白质、核酸、脂类等含量、构象和构型变化.结果发现,骨髓间充质干细胞的拉曼光谱与神经细胞之间存在较大的差异.表现为：646 cm-1处和719 cm-1处的拉曼峰在神经细胞内消失;神经细胞在1 603 cm-1处出现新的拉曼峰,归属为苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸的C—C弯曲振动;1 738 cm-1处拉曼峰在神经元样细胞中频移到1 746 cm-1处.试验表明拉曼光谱有望成为鉴别BMSCs与NCs的一种有效新方法.