红外光谱法快速测定松香改性酚醛树脂中的松香含量

本文叙述用红外光谱法快速测定松香改性酚醛树脂中的松香含量。本法是以测定松香酸的C=0伸缩振动吸收带的强度来测量松香的含量。基于松香改性酚醛树脂的红外光谱与松香和酚醛树脂混合物的红外光谱两者十分相近。因此以不同松香含量的松香—酚醛树脂的共混样作标样,然后以薄膜法测定,分别测得E_(1700)/E_(1600)的比值,由松香含量和相应的消光值的比值绘制曲线,由此计算样品中松香含量。     

三乙醇胺对松香的改性

用三乙醇胺与松香在２３０－２４０℃反应，得到二种松香改性产品，考查了反应时间对产品酸值的影响，添加剂的作用及产品的热稳定性。     

多酰胺化合物研究Ⅶ：——3,7—二辛基吩噻嗪及N,N′—3,3′7,7 …

４,４′－二辛基二苯胺和硫通过关环反应合成了３,７－二辛基吩噻嗪。后者与相应的双酰氧反应,合成４种具有大烷基的双酰吩噻嗪,它们的结构经元素元素,ＩＲ和＾１ＨＮＭＲ确证。     

多酰胺化合物研究Ⅶ3,7-二辛基吩噻嗪及N,N′-3,3′7,7′-四辛基吩噻嗪的双酰胺合成

４,４′－二辛基二苯胺和硫通过关环反应合成了３,７－二辛基吩噻嗪．后者与相应的双酰氧反应,合成４种具有大烷基的双酰吩噻嗪．它们的结构经元素分析,ＩＲ和１ＨＮＭＲ确证     

气液色谱法研究双（o,o‘—二正辛基二硫代磷酸酯）合镍（…

用气液色谱法研究了双－（ｏ，ｏ‘－二辛基二硫代磷酸酯）合镍与环戊酮加合反应的热力学性质，测定了３３３．２－３６３．２范围内加后反应的平衡常数，用最小二乘法求得反应的ΔＨ＾Φ和ΔＳΦ，并描述了两者加合反应的平衡常数值的经验公式。     

气液色谱法研究Ni[（C8H17O）2PS2l2与乙酸乙酯加合反应的热力学性质

用气液色谱法研究了双－（O，O′－二正辛基二硫代磷酸酯）合镍（Ⅱ）与乙酸乙酯加合反应的热力学性质，测定了333．2－363．2K范围内加合反应的平衡常数，用最小二乘法求得反庆的△H和△S。     

不同气体介质中脂松香的热氧化行为

在２５０℃和不同气体介质中对脂松香进行了加速氧化处理。用Ｃ＾＊ａ＾＊ｂ＾＊色度系列测定了松香色度随时间的变化，并用Ｘ－射线光电子能谱仪分析了氧化松香中含碳基团的种类和数量。通过解析色度变化与各种基团的关系，发现松香中双键与氧形成环氧基再水解成羟基是松香氧化的主要途径之一；羰基的形成是松香变红的主要原因。氨气或冷凝回流的松香挥发分的气化能有效地抑制氧化反应。     

固体超强酸ZrO2—SO^2—4催化合成松香甘油酯

研究了固体超强酸ＺｒＯ２－ＳＯ＾２－４催化松香和城油的酯化反应，探讨了催化反应的条件。实验结果表明，ＺｒＯ２－ＳＯ＾２－４对该反应的催化活性较高，可改善产物性能，且易与产物分离，又不产生三废污染。     

有机硼改性酚醛树脂的耐热性研究

以苯酚、甲醛为原料,氢氧化钠(碳酸钠)为催化剂合成酚醛树脂,用硼酸锌改性使其成为具有耐高温性能、阻燃性能的硼酚醛树脂.通过热分析表明,有机硼改性酚醛树脂耐热性优于普通酚醛树脂;通过动力学分析表明,有机硼改性酚醛树脂主要热解阶段热解反应活化能高于普通酚醛树脂,难于反应.     

固体超强酸ZrO_2-SO_4~(2-)催化合成松香甘油酯

研究了固体超强酸ＺｒＯ２－ＳＯ２－４催化松香和甘油的酯化反应，探讨了催化反应的条件．实验结果表明，ＺｒＯ２－ＳＯ２－４对该反应的催化活性较高，可改善产物性能，且易与产物分离，又不产生三废污染．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the