铁矿粉烧结液相流动特性

在铁矿粉烧结过程中,铁矿粉与CaO反应生成的液相的流动特性,是衡量烧结混合料能否有效粘结的重要指标之一.采用微型烧结法和基于流动面积的粘度测量法,以10种常用进口铁矿粉为对象,研究其液相流动特性及其影响因素.分析了铁矿粉的液相流动特性对实际烧结过程的影响.结果表明:不同种类的铁矿粉由于其自身特性的不同,所生成的液相的流动能力及其随温度、碱度的变化规律有很大差异.     

基于铁矿粉高温特性互补的烧结优化配矿

首先测定巴西、澳洲及中国的10种铁矿粉的高温特性,将其与实际生产统计所得的高温特性适宜区间比较可知:巴西矿的同化性偏低,澳洲矿偏高,中国精粉则相对接近适宜区间;有两种巴西矿、一种澳洲矿以及一种中国精粉的液相流动性适宜,一种巴西矿、一种澳洲矿以及两种中国精粉则偏低,一种澳洲矿和一种中国精粉的液相流动性稍高;澳洲矿的黏结相自身强度偏低,巴西矿和中国精粉则较为适宜,且中国精粉相对更高. 在实验研究的基础上,提出基于铁矿粉高温特性互补而使混合矿高温特性指标适宜的烧结配矿新思路,并设计优化配矿方案,烧结杯实验结果显示均获得优良的烧结指标,证实了基于铁矿粉高温特性进行配矿的优越性.     

铁矿粉与 CaO同化能力的试验研究

在铁矿粉烧结过程中,矿石与CaO发生同化反应而生成低熔点液相的能力是衡量烧结矿同结状况的重要指标之一.在试验的基础上研究了13种常用的进口铁矿粉的同化温度和同化时间,对影响铁矿粉同化能力的因素进行了理论分析,并给出了对铁矿粉的这一烧结基础特性在烧结过程中具体应用的结果.     

铁矿粉烧结技术进展

 在铁矿粉烧结过程中,需要充分把握铁矿粉的烧结行为和作用,考察其同化性、液相流动性、黏结相自身强度、连晶固结强度等烧结基础特性,有助于企业通过烧结优化配矿有效使用铁矿粉资源。近年来,国内外在铁矿粉烧结理论和技术方面取得了长足的进步,尤其体现在低温烧结、厚料层烧结技术的发展、褐铁矿使用技术的完善、预还原烧结的开发、镶嵌式烧结的设计、高温特性研究的不断深入等方面。这些技术的创新主要围绕如何高效利用铁矿粉资源进行,通常是源于资源的劣化和环境的恶化。然而,铁矿粉的优与劣其实是相对的,通过发挥其优势、抑制其劣势的方式,使得这种矿从劣质变为相对的“优质”,并通过这些新技术使其优点凸显、缺点被弥补,那么该矿的使用量、技术指标就能得到提高,也就具有“优”的品质。通过这些研究,实现了对劣质铁矿粉资源的高效利用。本文对此进行综述。     

铁矿粉烧结液相流动性评价

烧结矿靠流动的液相粘结未熔物获得强度,液相流动能力是铁矿粉的一个烧结基础特性. 本文提出评价铁矿粉烧结过程中液相流动性的两个新指标,即"基于温度分布的液相流动面积"以及"液相流动对温度的敏感性",并给出这两个指标相应的计算式以便正确把握烧结过程液相行为及优化烧结配矿.     

基于铁矿粉烧结基础性能的优化配矿研究

以提高烧结矿性能为目标,对国内两种铁矿粉以及国外三种铁矿粉进行了同化性能、液相流动性能、粘结相强度三个方面分析研究,并据烧结矿各项性能指标制定出配矿方案进行优化实验,探寻最佳配矿比例。结果表明,五种铁矿粉中自产矿的各项性能最优,其他四种铁矿粉的各项烧结基础性能优势各不相同。其次,根据实验结果制定出优化配矿方案,对比混合矿的各项基础特性,得出最优化配矿方案：自产矿为50%,鞍千矿为20%,巴西B为15%,澳矿为10%,巴西A为5%,为现场烧结生产提供了理论依据。     

铁矿石的烧结基础特性之新概念

长期以来,人们对烧结用铁矿石的评价主要集中在化学成分、粒度组成、矿物特征等常温性能方面,而对铁矿石在烧结过程中的高温行为和作用知之甚少.根据对这一问题的深入思考和实验室的基础研究,提出了"铁矿石的烧结基础特性"的概念.该概念包括同化性能、液相流动性,粘结相强度性能和铁酸钙生成性能等.研究烧结过程中这些高温物理特性,有利于完善烧结理论、改善烧结矿质量和优化烧结工艺过程.     

各种铁矿粉的同化性及其互补配矿方法

对来自巴西、澳大利亚、南非以及国产的19种铁矿粉的同化性进行了实验测定和考察分析,在此基础上研究了基于铁矿粉同化性的互补配矿方法,并设计了九组烧结优化配矿方案.结果表明:(1)不同类型铁矿粉的同化性存在显著差异,巴西赤铁矿和国产磁铁矿的同化性低,而澳大利亚含结晶水的赤铁矿的同化性高;(2)铁矿粉的烧损含量、气孔率和Al2O3含量等与其同化能力呈正相关关系;(3)SiO2和Al2O3以黏土形式存在的铁矿粉呈现出同化性较高的特征;(4)铁矿物晶粒小的铁矿石有相对高的同化性;(5)采用本研究的配矿方法,当劣质铁矿粉用量达50%水平时,仍可获得烧结技术指标和冶金性能优良的烧结矿,显示出基于同化性的互补配矿技术的有效性和优越性.     

铁矿粉的烧结熔融特性及其评价方法

通过可视化高温实验装置观察了七种不同类型常用进口铁矿粉试样的熔化流动过程.在所测定的熔融曲线上定义了T30、T55、TR以及SR等表征其熔融特性的评价指标,并以此考察了不同类型铁矿粉的烧结熔融特性.研究结果表明:澳大利亚褐铁矿最容易产生液相,但其液相形成过程中温度区间窄,温控性差,安全性低;澳大利亚半褐铁矿在低温烧结条件下有效液相量不足,而温控性则略好于澳大利亚褐铁矿;澳大利亚、南非以及巴西南部的赤铁矿熔融特性较为适宜,但前者易形成液相而后两者温控性和安全性更好;巴西的南部精粉、北部赤铁矿在低温烧结下很难生成液相.通过对各种铁矿粉熔融特性的研究,提出了基于铁矿粉熔融特性的烧结优化配矿原则.     

铁矿石粉矿成分对烧结强度的影响

在铁矿石烧结过程中,熔体性质决定了烧结矿粘结相的结构.采用小型试验来考察铁矿石粉矿的化学成分(SiO2,Al2O3,MgO和碱度)对烧结强度的影响.并通过化学成分对熔体的黏度和表面张力的影响来对烧结强度的变化加以解释.试验结果表明,随着粉矿中配加CaO与矿石的质量比的变化(0.08~0.15),在CaO与矿石质量比为0.12时获得最大烧结强度;而碱度R=2时获得最大的烧结强度;随着MgO含量的增加其烧结强度逐渐降低;而烧结原料中Al2O3质量分数不宜超过2.5%.     

基础特性对含铬型钒钛烧结矿粉化性能的影响

承德地区含铬型钒钛烧结矿的黏结相不充分、强度差、低温还原粉化指数低,严重影响烧结矿的质量.研究了4种不同成分的含铬型钒钛磁铁精矿粉的烧结基础特性:连晶强度、黏结相强度、液相流动性、同化温度,并与4种铁精矿粉的单烧实验结果进行比较分析,探究含铬型钒钛磁铁精矿粉基础特性对烧结矿低温还原粉化指数RDI+3.15的影响规律.结果表明:含铬型钒钛磁铁烧结矿的RDI+3.15随铁精矿粉同化温度的上升而降低,随黏结相强度的上升而升高,液相流动性和连晶强度对其影响很小.     

铁矿粉液相流动性的主要液相生成特征因素解析

烧结矿是我国高炉炼铁的主要原料,烧结矿质量将直接影响高炉冶炼及炼铁工序的经济技术指标.因此,基于铁矿粉的高温特性进行优化配矿从而改善烧结矿的产质量对于炼铁工序节能增效具有十分重要的现实意义.铁矿粉的液相流动性是非常重要的烧结高温特性指标,适宜的液相流动性可以使烧结矿获得较高的固结强度.本文模拟实际烧结黏附粉层中铁矿粉颗粒与钙质熔剂质点的接触状态,采用FastSage热力学计算和微型烧结可视化试验方法研究了固定CaO配比条件下铁矿粉的液相流动性及其主要的热力学液相生成特征影响因素.研究结果表明,采用固定CaO配比与固定碱度的熔剂配加方式下,铁矿粉的液相流动性规律明显不同.铁矿粉的液相生成量是影响其液相流动性的最主要液相生成特征因素,液相生成量越多则铁矿粉的液相流动性指数越大.铁矿粉液相流动性的配合性机制是基于其液相生成量的线性叠加原则.脉石矿物含量将在一定程度上影响铁矿粉的液相流动性,随着SiO2含量的升高铁矿粉的液相生成量减少,从而导致液相流动性指数显著降低;而Al2 O3含量增加,液相流动性指数略有升高.     

Optimization model coupling both chemical compositions and high-temperature characteristics of sintering materials for sintering burden

We developed a mathematical optimization model coupling chemical compositions and high-temperature characteristics of sintering materials, targeting the best quality and lowest cost. The simplex algorithm was adopted to solve this model. Four kinds of imported iron ores, two kinds of Chinese iron ore concentrates, and two kinds of fluxes were selected to verify both the model and the algorithm. The results confirmed the possibility of considering both chemical compositions and high-temperature characteristics of iron ores in the optimization model. This model provides a technical roadmap to obtain a precise mathematical correlation between the lowest cost and the grade of iron in sinters based on the condition of given raw materials, which can provide a reference to adjust the grade of iron in the sintering process for enterprise.     

Infiltration behavior of sintering liquid on nuclei ores during low-titanium ore sintering process

Sinter strength is dependent not only on the self-intensity of the residual rude and bonding phase but also on the bonding degree between them. The infiltration behavior of sintering liquid on nuclei ores influences the bonding degree, which ultimately determines the sinter strength. Infiltration tests were conducted using micro-sinter equipment. The infiltration area index of original liquid (IAO), infiltration volume index of secondary liquid (IVS), and sinter body bonding strength (SBS) were proposed to study the melt infiltration behavior. The results show that the IVS first increases and then decreases with increasing TiO₂ content in adhering fines, whereas the IAO exhibits the opposite behavior. Compared with the original liquid, the secondary liquid shows lower porosity, smaller pores, and more uniform distribution. The SBS increases first and then decreases with increasing IAO and TiO₂ content, and reaches a maximum when the IAO and TiO₂ contents are approximately 0.5 and 2.0wt%, respectively. The SBS first increases and then tends to be stable with increasing IVS. The TiO₂ content is suggested to be controlled to approximately 2.0wt% in low-titanium ore sintering.     

鞍钢铁矿石烧结基础性能研究

利用微型烧结实验装置及烧结杯试验,对鞍钢铁矿粉的同化特性、液相固结强度、液相流动性及连晶能力等烧结特性进行综合评价.在此基础上,提出了烧结合理配矿原则,并应用到生产实践.研究结果表明,鞍钢烧结生产应以精矿B,D搭配精矿C为主,球团生产应以精矿A为主.配矿优化调整后,炼铁技术经济指标明显改善,高炉利用系数提高了0.043 t/(m3.d),入炉焦比降低了5.28 kg/t,烧结矿成本降低2.2元/t.     

Influence of gangue existing states in iron ores on the formation and flow of liquid phase during sintering

Gangue existing states largely affect the high-temperature characteristics of iron ores. Using a micro-sintering method and scanning electron microscopy, the effects of gangue content, gangue type, and gangue size on the assimilation characteristics and fluidity of liquid phase of five different iron ores were analyzed in this study. Next, the mechanism based on the reaction between gangues and sintering materials was unraveled. The results show that, as the SiO₂ levels increase in the iron ores, the lowest assimilation temperature (LAT) decreases, whereas the index of fluidity of liquid phase (IFL) increases. Below 1.5wt%, Al₂O₃ benefits the assimilation reaction, but higher concentrations proved detrimental. Larger quartz particles increase the SiO₂ levels at the local reaction interface between the iron ore and CaO, thereby reducing the LAT. Quartz-gibbsite is more conductive to assimilation than kaolin. Quartz-gibbsite and kaolin gangues encourage the formation of liquid-phase low-Al₂O₃-SFCA with high IFL and high-Al₂O₃-SFCA with low IFL, respectively.     

Effects of particle characteristics on the granulation ability of iron ores during the sintering process

The granulation behavior of iron ores is essential for subsequent parameter optimization and efficient granulation, especially under changing material conditions. In this study, the effects of surface properties and particle size were analyzed using a laboratory granulation method; an estimation of the granulation of sintering blends was subsequently conducted for the base ores. Circularity and porosity were observed to negatively affect the granulation of iron ores, whereas wettability positively affected the granulation and was the most influential factor, indicating that wetting of iron ores is desirable during granulation. When iron ores with complex size distributions were granulated, the equivalent surface area was the main influencing factor for coarse particles larger than 1 mm and the ratio of adhering fines to intermediates was the main factor for fine particles smaller than 1 mm. By combining the granulation of coarse and fine particles with their proportioning, we proposed a calculation method for estimating the granulation ability of sintering blends. Good verification was demonstrated with the designed schemes. The results suggest that the developed method is effective for predicting the granulation of iron ore mixtures.