槐绿虎天牛对不同诱剂的EAG反应及诱剂的诱捕效果

本实验研究了14种引诱剂对槐绿虎天牛的诱捕效果,结果表明,14种引诱剂对槐绿虎天牛都有一定的引诱效果.野外诱捕结果显示:引诱剂D的效果最好,日平均诱捕率为0.82%;H次之,为0.64%;G最弱,日平均诱捕率为0.11%.所用诱剂对其它鞘翅目、鳞翅目、膜翅目、半翅目、双翅目、同翅目和脉翅目昆虫也有引诱作用.特别是D诱剂对金龟子科害虫的诱集效果极好.经触角电位测定,D诱剂的EAG反应相对值最高,为1.95;I诱剂次之,为1.80.表明D和I都是很好的诱剂配方.各诱剂所捕到槐绿虎天牛雌雄比约为2∶1.     

信息化合物诱芯对阔叶红松混交林中天牛科昆虫的诱集效果

于2013、2014年在吉林省蛟河林业实验区管理局阔叶红松混交林样地内布设配有天牛亚科昆虫公用信息素和乙醇诱芯的飞翔拦截诱捕器阵列采集天牛科昆虫成虫,测试各诱芯及其组合对天牛物种的诱集活性。2 a的野外诱集试验表明:诱芯及其组合对四点象天牛、凹缘金花天牛、异色蜓尾花天牛、蓝突肩花天牛、锯天牛、赤胸扁鞘天牛、栎丽虎天牛和棍腿纹虎天牛的诱集活性存在显著的差异。不同诱芯及其组合诱集到的天牛昆虫物种组成不同,且各诱芯组合诱集到的天牛物种平均数量和个体平均数量均差异显著。配以信息素3-羟基-2-己酮、3-羟基-2-辛酮诱芯的诱捕器对多种天牛亚科昆虫具有诱集活性,同时也表明其对沟胫天牛亚科和花天牛亚科的一些种类也具有引诱活性;在天牛科昆虫的调查和监测中,使用天牛亚科信息素和高释放率乙醇诱芯可显著地提高诱集调查效率。同此前研究,阔叶红松混交林中的沟胫天牛亚科、花天牛亚科和天牛亚科的种类最多、多度最高。研究表明,使用配以天牛亚科信息素和乙醇诱芯的诱捕器可有效地监测这些天牛种类的种群动态。     

不同配方引诱剂和诱捕器对枣飞象成虫的田间诱集效果

比较不同植物源配比诱芯、诱捕器颜色、诱捕器悬挂高度对田间枣飞象成虫的诱集效果，为该虫的田间监测和防控提供参考。     

葡萄、国槐和刺槐挥发物复合配方对槐绿虎天牛的引诱活性

为了探究多种植物源混合配方对槐绿虎天牛的诱杀效果,从葡萄、国槐和刺槐单一植物源挥发物的高效配方中挑选出8种挥发物,分别采用两种方式配制26种配方:(1)以1种植物所含挥发物为主体加入1种源自其余植物的挥发物;(2)8种化合物以单方形式随机组合.通过EAG、嗅觉行为测试和野外诱集实验测试26种配方对槐绿虎天牛的引诱活性.结果显示:26种配方中,雌、雄虫对配方8、16、25和26的EAG值、相对选择率和野外诱捕数量均较高.在配方16、25、26的成分中均含有沉香醇与乙酸叶醇酯,配方8中也含有沉香醇.雌、雄天牛对同一诱剂的电生理反应和嗅觉行为反应有差别,雌虫更加敏感.比较两种配制方式,多种植物源挥发物组分以单方形式组合的配方对槐绿虎天牛具有更高的引诱活性.     

不同信息化合物对人工杨树林天牛科昆虫的诱集效果

采用黑色漏斗诱捕器，选用天牛亚科公用信息素C6-Ketol(K6)、C8-Ketol(K8)、S,S-2,3-hexandiol(SS)、Ethanol(E)、Manuka oil pouch(Ma)和空白处理(BLANK)对吉林双辽人工杨树林天牛科昆虫进行诱捕试验，共采集到天牛科昆虫92头，隶属3亚科6种.单因素方差分析显示，不同信息化合物仅对家茸天牛(F₍(6,49))=0.686,P<0.05)的诱集活性存在显著差异，对天牛科昆虫诱集的物种平均数和个体平均数差异均不显著(P>0.05);相似性系数分析显示，K6+E诱芯与K8+E诱芯、Ma+E诱芯、E诱芯、K6+K8+SS+Ma+E诱芯的相似水平在中等相似以上；时间动态分析显示，天牛科昆虫个体数量在8月9日达到峰值，K6+E诱芯在诱集群落和优势种的效率上均为最高.由此可知，在监测、调查或防治人工杨树林天牛科昆虫时，可以选用K6+E诱芯.     

梨小食心虫性诱剂的合成及大田生测

1976年合成了梨小食心虫性诱剂,顺-8-十二碳烯醇醋酸酯,从1978年春开始到1979年秋在四川省三十四个果园中进行了田间诱蛾试验,试验结果表明:合成的梨小食心虫性诱剂,具有强烈的诱蛾活性,在顺-8-十二碳烯醇醋酸酯中,加入少量反式异构体时能显著提高诱蛾活性,当反式异构体的含量为8—12％时活性最高,作为测报工具与常用的糖醋液及黑光灯对比显示出性诱剂具有突出的优越性。     

HD-I型纳米诱垢剂对硫酸钡垢形成的影响

研究了HD-I型纳米诱垢剂对硫酸钡垢形成的影响．首先,通过改变诱垢剂的加量、Ba^2＋浓度以及实验温度,考察了该诱垢剂对硫酸钡垢形成过程中诱垢性能的影响,结果表明：（1）当钡盐浓度为98．25mg／L时,加入4mg／L的诱垢剂可使结垢率达到最优;（2）结垢率达到最优时所需诱垢剂的量随Ba^2＋浓度的增大而减少;（3）该诱垢剂具有很好的抗温性．另外,采用浊度分析、X-射线粉末衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）研究了该诱垢剂对生成的BaSO4沉淀粉末的密度、晶型结构、微粒形貌和颗粒大小的影响．结果表明：诱垢剂的加入,使生成的沉淀晶体发生了晶格畸变,沉淀变得疏松,沉淀密度和颗粒粒径均明显减小．最后,对该诱垢剂的诱垢机理进行了理论解释．     

不同颜色CC诱捕器对叶蝉和蓟马的诱捕作用

在中国广西南宁,测定8种不同基座颜色的CC诱捕器对豇豆(Vig na sesquipedalis Wright)上的叶蝉、蓟马的诱捕作用.蓝色基座诱捕器对华筒管蓟马(Haplothrips chinensis Priesnes)的诱集量为白色基座诱捕器的2倍(22.8头/诱捕器.天), 其他基座颜色诱捕器的诱捕量为 0.1～1.7头/诱捕器.天.CC诱捕器对叶蝉(Empoasca spp.)的诱集量为4头/诱捕器.天,不同基座颜色诱捕器的诱集量差异不显著.在印度,测定白色、黄色和绿色基座诱捕器对花生上两种蓟马的诱捕作用.白色基座诱捕器对茶黄蓟马(Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood)的诱集量为39.8头/诱捕器.天,为黄色基座诱捕器的2倍多.绿色基座诱捕器的诱集量最少.白色基座诱捕器对瓜蓟马(Thrips palmi Karny)的诱捕量(17.3头/诱捕器.天)也显著高于黄色基座诱捕器(1 1.0头/诱捕器.天).结论为:白色和蓝色基座诱捕器可用于监测豇豆、花生上蓟马的种群数量.     

Selectivity of CC Traps in Catching Green Leafhoppers and Thrips

在中国广西南宁,测定８种不同基座颜色的ＣＣ诱捕器对豇豆（ＶｉｇｎａｓｅｓｑｕｉｐｅｄａｌｉｓＷｒｉｇｈｔ）上的叶蝉、蓟马的诱捕作用。蓝色基座诱捕器对华筒管蓟马（ＨａｐｌｏｔｈｒｉｐｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＰｒｉｅｓｎｅｓ）的诱集量为白色基座诱捕器的２倍（２２．８头／诱捕器天）,其他基座颜色诱捕器的诱捕量为０．１～１．７头／诱捕器天。ＣＣ诱捕器对叶蝉（Ｅｍｐｏａｓｃａｓｐｐ．）的诱集量为４头／诱捕器天,不同基座颜色诱捕器的诱集量差异不显著。在印度,测定白色、黄色和绿色基座诱捕器对花生上两种蓟马的诱捕作用。白色基座诱捕器对茶黄蓟马（ＳｃｉｒｔｏｔｈｒｉｐｓｄｏｒｓａｌｉｓＨｏｏｄ）的诱集量为３９．８头／诱捕器天,为黄色基座诱捕器的２倍多。绿色基座诱捕器的诱集量最少。白色基座诱捕器对瓜蓟马（ＴｈｒｉｐｓｐａｌｍｉＫａｒｎｙ）的诱捕量（１７．３头／诱捕器天）也显著高于黄色基座诱捕器（１１．０头／诱捕器天）。结论为：白色和蓝色基座诱捕器可用于监测豇豆、花生上蓟马的种群数量。     

3种食物引诱剂诱螺效果及在灭螺剂中的作用

观察不同温度下3种食物引诱剂引诱钉螺的效果,并将其分别与灭螺植物绞股蓝水提物配伍制成颗粒灭螺剂进行灭螺实验,为研制既具有诱集作用,又具有毒杀作用的新型灭螺剂积累资料.结果表明:温度对食物引诱剂诱集钉螺有一定影响,在15-25℃诱集钉螺效果较好,35℃效果较差.在25℃实验条件下,H、M和C食物引诱剂24 h、48 h诱螺率分别为34.66%、79.34%;31.34%、56.34%;16.00%、38.66%.多因素方差分析表明:温度(F2,96=60.983,P<0.001)、食物引诱剂(F3,96=130.733,P<0.001)和时间(F3,96=103.040,P<0.001)对诱螺率都有很显著影响.3种食物引诱剂的诱螺效果依次为:H>M>C>CK(对照).用H、M、C 3种食物引诱剂分别制成颗粒灭螺剂诱杀钉螺,7 d钉螺死亡率分别为82.34%、66.34%、53.66%.     

Identification of sex pheromones of four economically important species in genusDendrolimus

The female-produced sex pheromone of Dendrolimus superans was identified by gas chromatography (GC), coupled GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), electroantennographic (EAG) studies and field tests as a blend of (Z,E)-5,7-dodecadienal (Z5,E7-12:Ald) and (Z,E)-5,7-dodeca- dien-1-ol (Z5,E7-12:OH). In D. kikuchii, (Z,E)-5,7-dodeca- dien-1-yl acetate (Z5,E7-12:OAc) and Z5,E7-12:OH were found by GC and GC-MS analyses. However, in EAG studies male antennae were more sensitive to Z5,E7-12:OAc and (Z,E)-5,7-dodecadien-1-yl propionate (Z5,E7-12:OPr) than Z5,E7-12:OH. For D. spectabilis, Z5,E7-12:OH had been previously reported as the sex pheromone. However, in our studies, traps baited with Z5,E7-12:OH, Z5,E7-12:OAc and Z5,E7-12:OPr in a ratio of 1:1:1 caught three times more males than those baited with Z5,E7-12:OH alone. Relatively strong EAG responses were elicited from male antennae by Z5,E7-12:OH, Z5,E7-12:OAc and Z5,E7-12:OPr, but in addition to Z5,E7-12:OH, only very small amounts of Z5,E7- 12:OAc was found in the pheromone gland. These facts suggest that Z5,E7-12:OAc is a pheromone minor components and Z5,E7-12:OPr is a sex attractant in D. spectabilis. For D. tabulaeformis, Z5,E7-12:OH, Z5,E7-12:OAc and Z5,E7-12: OPr were found in extracts of pheromone glands of female moths, and the three compounds elicited strong EAG responses from antennae of male moths. These three compounds have been reported as a sex attractant of D. tabulaeformis, and our data confirm their roles as components of the sex pheromone of this species. The role of blend components in antagonizing cross attraction between congeners is discussed.     

红缘天牛对沙枣花中8种化合物的EAG及行为反应

为了研究沙枣花对红缘天牛的引诱效果,采用GC-MS技术分析出沙枣花挥发物含有47种化合物.选取相对分子质量在100~300之间的8种化合物,分别采用单一组分和多组分混合配方对红缘天牛进行EAG和嗅觉行为实验.结果表明:(1)在单一组分不同浓度的EAG实验中,红缘天牛对肉桂酸乙酯的反应最为强烈,且当质量分数为1.00%时红缘天牛的EAG相对反应值最大,除肉桂酸甲酯和愈创木酚反应不明显外,其他化合物均在质量分数为1.00%时EAG反应活性最高;(2)嗅觉行为反应中,红缘天牛对单一组分的8种化合物相对选择率均在质量分数1.00%时最高;(3)邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、肉桂酸乙酯、癸酸酯、芳樟醇、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯和4,4-亚甲基(2,6-叔丁基苯酚)这6种化合物配制成21种混合物,其中配方P、Q在EAG和嗅觉行为反应中效果均较好,这说明邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、肉桂酸乙酯、癸酸酯、芳樟醇这5种化合物在一定的配比情况下对红缘天牛有较好的引诱活性.     

五角枫挥发物的提取鉴定及黄斑星天牛对主要组分的触角电位反应

在确定新疆伊犁地区黄斑星天牛成虫嗜食寄主的基础上,利用GC-MS技术鉴定五角枫嫩枝和叶片的挥发物组分,并利用触角电位反应测定成虫对主要挥发物的电生理活性.研究结果表明,在多寄主植物混栽区,黄斑星天牛成虫更偏好取食五角枫的嫩枝补充营养,更喜好在旱柳和复叶槭枝干上刻槽产卵.从五角枫挥发物中共鉴定到34种化合物,其中萜烯类和酯类物质是主要组分,相对含量分别占挥发物组成的70.49%和23.94%.(Z)-β-罗勒烯、桧烯、β-石竹烯、α-水芹烯和乙酸-顺-3-己烯酯在挥发物组成中所占的比例较高,分别达21.07%、19.59%、7.35%、13.58%和12.99%.在10 mg·mL~(-1)质量浓度下,雌虫对β-石竹烯的EAG反应显著高于其他供试气味物质,雄虫对乙酸乙酯和α-蒎烯的EAG反应最为强烈,雄虫对α-蒎烯和乙酸乙酯的EAG反应显著高于雌虫;雌虫对β-石竹烯和2-甲基丁酸-顺-3-己烯酯的EAG反应显著高于雄虫.本试验在黄斑星天牛成虫感受信息化学物质的角度分析了成虫偏好五角枫的原因,对利用化学生态手段调控该虫的危害具有一定的理论指导意义.     

EAG and behavioral responses of Helicoverpa armigera males to volatiles from poplar leaves and their combinations with sex pheromone

Electroantennogram (EAG) evaluation of selected compounds from wilted leaves of black poplar, Populus nigra, showed that phenyl acetaldehyde, methyl salicylate, (E)-2-hexenal elicited strong responses from male antennae of Helicoverpa armigera. When mixed with sex pheromone (Ph), some volatiles, e.g. phenyl acetaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, phenylethanol, methylsalicylate, linalool, benzaldehyde, (Z)-3-hexenol, (Z)-3-hexenylacetate, (Z)-6-nonenol, cineole, (E)-2-hexenal, and geraniol elicited stronger responses from male antennae than Ph alone. Wind tunnel bioassay demonstrated that various volatiles could either enhance or inhibit the effect of synthetic sex pheromone. (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenol and linalool in combination with Ph could not induce any male to land on source at all, whereas phenyl acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, (Z)-6-nonenol and salicylaldehyde combined with Ph enhanced male response rates by 58.63%, 50.33%, 51.85% and 127.78%, respectively, compared to Ph alone. These results suggested that some volatiles shouldmodify sex pheromone caused behavior and that some of them could possibly be used as a tool for disrupting mating or for enhancing the effect of synthetic sex pheromone in the field.     

日本双棘长蠹成虫对8种植物挥发物的EAG和行为反应

为了寻找新型的防治日本双棘长蠹(Sinoxylon japonicum Lesne)的植物源引诱剂,分别测定了成虫对8种植物挥发物的EAG和行为反应.EAG测定结果表明:1.00 mol/L的愈创木酚和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯均能引起日本双棘长蠹较强的EAG反应(p≤0.05)."Y"型嗅觉仪测定结果表明:1.00 mol/L的愈创木酚对日本双棘长蠹成虫的引诱效果最好,选择率达到57%;1.00 mol/L的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯对日本双棘长蠹成虫具有较好的驱避作用.其他挥发物对日本双棘长蠹均无明显的定向作用.     

Behavioral and olfactory responses of grasshopper hatchlings,<Emphasis Type="Italic">Melanoplus sanguinipes</Emphasis>, to plant odours and volatile compounds

Behavior and olfactory responses of grasshopper hatchlings, Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.), to odours from plant foliage and volatile compounds were tested using a glass Y-tube olfactometer and electroantennogram (EAG)techniques respectively. In single choice trials, newly hatched hoppers were much more sensitive to the odour from intact leaves and chopped foliage of ryegrass and wheat than other plants. Chopped sorghum leaves, but not stem-cut sorghum,were also significantly attractive. The orientation responses of grasshopper hatchlings to these plants were highly consistent with those of last instar hoppers and adults. When ryegrass was employed as the control, the odour from stem-cut alfalfa was more attractive. There was no significant difference in hopper orientation responses to the odours from chopped seedlings of sorghum, alfalfa, wheat or ryegrass.However, significantly more hoppers preferred the chopped ryegrass control to chopped Louisanna sage. Measurement of the EAG response of first instar hoppers to these plant odours showed that the odour of Louisanna sage elicited the greatest response amplitudes. In olfactory tests using different volatile components, Z-3-hexenol, E-3-hexenol,Z-hex-3-enyl acetate, E-2-hexenal and hexenal gave greater EAG responses than geraniol and 1-octen-3-ol. These results are also consistent with comparable data from adults. Newly hatched grasshoppers had similar EAG response profiles to plant materials and chemicals to those of adults, although the absolute EAG values of young hoppers were much lower than those of adults. Therefore, newly hatched hoppers were able to distinguish plants from an air control, and even host plants from non-host plants, and the feeding experience of hoppers probably has little influence on their subsequent ability as adults to identify and locate food plants.     

An analysis of structure fitting and bioactivity between sex pheromone of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and its fluorinated analogs

A study on the structure-activty relationship between （Z）-hexadec-9-enal （Z-9-16：Ald） and its analog was conducted by comparing the structures of the sex pheromone of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera （Huebner） with its fluorinated analog using computer molecular fitting. It is demonstrated that the structure of analog substituting for hydrogen atom on the terminal carbon atom is similar to Z-9-16：Ald. The EAG result showed that there is no significant difference in activities between Z-9-16：Ald and its fluorinated analog synthesized.     

大袋蛾性信息素研究初报

<正>大袋蛾不但具有独特的生活习性,而且雌虫性信息素的分泌部位和化学结构亦不同于一般鳞翅目蛾类。我们的初步工作证实,大袋蛾雌成虫的性引诱能力极强,其性信息素的分泌部位主要在胸部背板区。用漂洗法提取,可消除屏蔽物质的干扰和减少杂质的污染。大袋蛾性信息素的化学结构不同于一般鳞翅目蛾类的不饱和长碳链醇、乙酸酯或醛、酮之类。其主要活性组分的分子量为270,分子式C_(17)H_(34)O_2。此外,还有多元组分存在的可能性。结构鉴定的进一步工作正在进行。     

Synthesis and assessment of attractiveness and mating disruption efficacy of sex pheromone microcapsules for the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella （L.）

Microcapsules of sex pheromone of the diamondback moth （DBM）, Plutella xylostella （Lepidoptera： Plutellidae） were synthesized through complex coacervation using gelatin and gum arabic as wall-forming materials. The encapsulated pheromone released from these microcapsules into the air was monitored over six weeks in the field. Results of a field trial show that the attractiveness of microcapsules was superior to that of rubber septa loaded with the same amount of pheromone. The mating disruption efficiency of the pheromone treatment was estimated through comparing numbers of moths captured in pheromone-baited traps placed in pheromone treatment fields and pesticide treatment fields. The estimated mating disruption efficiency of the pheromone treatments ranged from 76.94% to 98.67% during the season. This study shows that pheromone microcapsules might provide a new method for P. xylostella control.     

紫花地丁挥发性化学成分的分析

用同时蒸馏-萃取装置提取紫花地丁挥发性物质,测得紫花地丁挥发油的含量为1．65％,用GC／MS法从紫花地丁挥发油中分离并确定出36种化学成分,占挥发油总量的83．92％。用峰面积归一化法通过化学工作站数据处理系统得出各化学成分在挥发油中的相对百分含量。