实践美学再评价

实践美学从实践本体出发研究审美发生、审美本质等问题,克服了主客观论美学的某些局限,推动了中国当代美学的发展.实践美学混淆了哲学本体与美学本体的区别,说不清实践到审美之间的发展行程,实践创造不出"美本身"和全部审美对象."实践自由"说是一种新的形而上学的美学理论模式,无法说明审美的本质.实践美学缺失"形而下美学理论品格"和"形而下美学理论形态",并不是功能齐全和形态完整的美学理论.     

实践美学再评价

实践美学从实践本体出发研究审美发生、审美本质等问题,克服了主客观论美学的某些局限,推动了中国当代美学的发展。实践美学混淆了哲学本体与美学本体的区别,说不清实践到审美之间的发展行程,实践创造不出“美本身”和全部审美对象。“实践自由”说是一种新的形而上学的美学理论模式,无法说明审美的本质。实践美学缺失“形而下美学理论品格”和“形而下美学理论形态”,并不是功能齐全和形态完整的美学理论。     

实践美学的哲学语境分析

通过对《巴黎手稿》等马克思早期文本思想资源的深度发掘,实践关学为自己设定了一个独特的哲学语境：它以实践观念构建本体论基础,又在本体论基础上逻辑必然地确立起主体的价值向度。从这个意义上讲,实践关学本质上就是人学美学,后实践美学对实践美学的“超越”和新实践美学对实践关学的“突破”,其实都是在实践美学所设定的独特哲学语境中进行的。     

由论争走向合流——略论实践美学与后实践美学的关系

20世纪90年代以来,＂实践美学＂与＂后实践美学＂论争不休,＂后实践美学＂的批评矛头主要指向＂前期实践美学＂,因此,有必要重审＂前期实践美学＂的核心要义,以客观对待＂后实践美学＂的质疑。80年代中后期以来的＂实践美学＂不断丰富其理论内涵,并在终极指向上与＂后实践美学＂趋向合流,最终形成＂实践生存美学＂。     

实践存在论美学:自然美视角

实践存在论美学作为实践美学的新发展和美学的新形态,是朱立元先生在师承已故蒋孔阳先生为代表非主流的实践美学思想的基础上的在新时期语境中的探索与创造,其理论与观点虽尚未完全成熟,但却可能代表着实践美学发展的新路向。从人们对自然美认识历程的实例考察中,可以论证实践存在论美学的科学性。     

实践美学的价值论维度

马克思主义实践唯物主义是一个完整的整体，其中实践价值论是一个不可或缺的部分，它构成了实践美学的价值论维度。从实践价值论研究美学，不仅是世界哲学和美学的发展趋势的必然结果，而且使实践美学研究可以克服自然本体论美学和认识论美学的客体主义、主客二分思维模式、理性主义、人类中心主义等偏颇，还可以在实践基点上统一利、真、善、美，使实践美学成为培养和造就全面自由发展的人的主要途径。     

实践美学研究的新创获--评石长平博士的《实践本体论美学思想研究》

《实践本体论美学思想研究》作为国内第一部研究实践本体论美学思想的专著,在旁征博引第一手文献资料的基础上完整而系统地分析了这一美学思想,准确评价了刘纲纪美学思想的理论品格与学术贡献,同时指出了其理论局限性,体现了学术研究的实事求是精神。这部专著对刘纲纪美学思想的研究是当前国内外最全面、最系统、最完整的研究成果,它也是研究实践美学的创新成果,具有不可忽视的学术价值,它也给当代中国美学的发展提供了一系列深刻、宝贵的经验和启示。     

"实践美学"范式与和谐社会的构建

指出了实践美学范式是构建社会主义和谐社会的现代思维范式;论述了实践美学范式与和谐社会理论的密切关系,提出了社会主义和谐社会建构的个性化、具体化、民族化理念;指出和分析了实践美学范式克服了传统的“物质生产活动实践观”的抽象性和绝对性,与马克思的实践论范式具有内在的、本质的一致性;论证了实践美学范式对社会主义和谐社会构建的理论指导意义和现实价值。     

再论新实践美学的几个关键命题

新实践美学自出现伊始,便不断遭受着各方面的诘问和质疑,但是,新实践美学以其深刻的马克思主义的实践唯物主义和实践的观点为哲学基础,体现了马克思主义美学的中国化和生命力.进入21世纪后,在与西方现代主义和后现代主义的思想接触中,国内一些青年学者接受了这些思想并以之为武器对新实践美学发起新一轮的攻击,但新实践美学也在讨论中不断得以反思和发展,变得更具生命力.在几次论战中,更是坚定了"美是人的本质力量的对象化"这一观念以及将实践划为三个维度,即物质生产、精神生产、话语实践的思想.新实践美学的生命力就表现在对马克思主义实践美学思想的坚持和发展上.     

中国传统美学的生命底蕴

实践美学和生命美学的论争，成为当今美学界的热点，论争的目的是确立中国新世纪美学的发展方向。因此，仅围绕“实践”等范畴作理论的论争是不够的，有必要重新审视中国传统美学。事实上，从实践美学到生命美学，既是一种超越，亦是一种回归。这将有助于澄清当下很多理论误区，也是摆脱西方语境，发展中国美学的必然要求。     

Influence of Te doping on the dielectric and optical properties of InBi crystals grown by directional freezing

Stoichiometric pure and tellurium (Te) doped indium bismuthide (InBi) were grown using the directional freezing technique in a fabricated furnace. The X-ray diffraction profiles identified the crystallinity and phase composition. The surface topographical features were observed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The energy dispersive analysis by X-rays was performed to identify the atomic proportion of elements. Studies on the temperature dependence of dielectric constant (?), loss tangent (tanδ), and AC conductivity (σ_ac) reveal the existence of a ferroelectric phase transition in the doped material at 403 K. When InBi is doped with tellurium (4.04 at%), a band gap of 0.20 eV can be achieved, and this is confirmed using Fourier transform infrared studies. The results thus show the conversion of semimetallic InBi to a semiconductor with the optical properties suitable for use in infrared detectors.     

Effects of basicity and MgO content on the viscosity of the SiO2-CaO-MgO-9wt%Al2O3 slag system

The effects of basicity and MgO content on the viscosity of SiO2-CaO-MgO-9wt%Al2O3 slags with basicity from 0.4 to 1.0 and MgO content from 13wt%to 19wt%were investigated using the rotating cylinder method. A correlation between the viscosity and the slag structure was determined by Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy. It is indicated that the complex network structure of the slag melt is depolymerized into simpler network units with increasing basicity or MgO content, resulting in a continuous decrease in viscosity of the slag. The viscosity is strongly dependent on the combined action of basic oxide components in the slag. Under the present experimental conditions, increasing the basicity is found to be more effective than increasing the MgO content in decreasing the viscosity of the slag. At higher temperatures, the increase of basicity or MgO content does not appreciably decrease the viscosity of the slag, as it does at lower tem-peratures. The calculated activation energy of viscous flow is between 154 and 200 kJ＆#183;mol-1, which decreases with an increase in basicity from 0.4 to 1.0 at a fixed MgO content in the range of 13wt%to 19wt%.     

Subsurface macro-inclusions and solidified hook character in aluminum-killed deep-drawing steel slabs

Subsurface macro-inclusions and hooks are detrimental to the surface quality of deep-drawing steel sheets. However, little is known about the relationship between macro-inclusions and hooks. Thus, in this work, two ultralow carbon (ULC) steel slabs and two low carbon (LC) aluminum-killed steel slabs were sampled to study the relationship between hooks and subsurface macro-inclusions, which were detected on the cross-sections of steel samples with an area of 56058 mm2 using an automated scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy system. Results show that subsurface inclusions larger than 200 μm were almost entrapped by hook structures, whereas the location of other inclusions smaller than 200 μm had no obvious dependence on the location of solidified hooks. Furthermore, the number density (ND) of subsurface inclusions larger than 200 μm decreased from 0.02 to 0 cm-2 in ULC steel as the mean hook depth decreased from 1.57 to 1.01 mm. Similar trends were also observed in LC steel. In addition, the detected inclusions larger than 200 μm were concentrated in the region near the slab center (3/8 width-5/8 width), where hook depths were also larger than those at any other locations. Therefore, minimizing the hook depth is an effective way to reduce inclusion-induced sliver defects in deep-drawing steels.     

Effect of dietary supplementation on improvement of growth and immune function of broilers

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of a dietary supplement （Mirigen TM）, a fungal cell wall derivative product, as a new generation alternative to antibiotics, on the growth and the innate and adaptive immune functions in broilers from birth to 45 d of age. Newborn chicken were randomly assigned to one of three groups： G 1 （n=150） controls no supplement fed; G2 （n=150） is fed with dietary supplement at a designed regular dose （0.5 %, weight of additive to food）; G3 （n= 150） is fed with dietary supplement at double doses （1%）. All three groups were housed in the same conditions. Body weight and blood were taken on day 1, 14, 28 and 45. Medications used and costs/treatment were recorded for each group. The whole blood was used to purify heterophils for reactive oxygen species （ROS） generation and E coli killing abilities examination assays, and the serum samples were preserved in freezer for enzyme linked immunosorbent assays （ELISAs） to determine concentration of macrophage inflammatory protein-1β （MIP-1β）, CD4/CD8, interferon-y （IFN-y）, and titers of antibody against Newcastle disease virus （NDV）. Group differences were analyzed using analysis of variance （ANOVA） algorithm （S-Plus）. There was no significant birth weight difference in three groups. After 45 d growth, the dietary supplement treated groups had significantly higher body weight gain （BWG） with lower mortality rate if compared to the untreated control group （P〈0.05）. Their BWG and mortality rate were 2.23 kg and 10 % in GI （control group）, 2.89 kg and 2 % in G2 （experimental group, 0.5 % dose）, and 2.77 kg and 1% in G3 （experimental group, 1% dose）, respectively. Heterophil ROS generation in treated groups were markedly improved through the addition of dietary supplement in both regular and double doses to the diet （P〈 0.05）. The ability of heterophil to kill E coli was also significantly improved in dietary supplement treated groups （P〈0.01）. Comparing to control group, there was significantly higher serum IFN-y concentration in treated groups （P〈0.05） on day 45. The CD4/CD8 was also improved in treated groups （P〈0.05）. Newcastle di-sease is the most prevalent avian disease, and vaccination is an effective method to protect the animals from the virus infection. In our study, it is found G2 and G3 that fed with dietary supplement had higher antibody titers against NDV after vaccination （P〈0.01） and the antibodies lasted longer. Results from this study demonstrated dietary supplement to broilers improved the immune capabilities of immune cells, which are vital to the establishment of immune response against pathogens, thereby, to improve chicken＇ s health and growth and reduce medication cost in chicken farming.     

Microstructure, crystallography and nucleation mechanism of NANOBAIN steel

The microstructure of bainite ferrite in NANOBAIN steel transformed at different temperatures was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron back-scattered diffraction, and vickers hardness tester in detail. It is found that the average width of bainitic ferrite (BF) plates can be refined to be thinner with the reduction of temperature (473–573 K), and the bainitic ferrite plates can reach up to 20–74 nm at 473 K. Crystallographic analysis reveals that the bainitic ferrite laths are close to the Nishiyama-Wasserman orientation relationship with their parent austenite. Temperature shows a significant effect on the variant selection, and a decrease in temperature generally weakens the variant selection. Thermodynamic analyses indicates that the Lacher, Fowler and Guggenheim (LFG) model is more suitable than the Kaufman, Radcliffe and Cohen (KRC) model dealing with NANOBAIN steel at a low temperature range. The free energy change ΔGγ→BF is about ?1500 J·mol?1 at 473 K, which indicates that nucleation in NANOBAIN steel is the shear mechanism. Finally, the formation of carbon poor regions is thermodynamically possible, and the existence of carbon poor regions can greatly increase the possibility of the shear mechanism.     

Load compensation research on twicetension for loop anchor cable of inner lining in Yellow River-crossing tunnel

The load compensation equipment for anchor cable named low retraction prestressed anchorage system with twice-tension （referred to as twice-tension anchorage system） is proposed in the paper. Calculation results of loop anchorage prestressing loss （PL） values of inner lining （IL）in Yellow River-crossing tunnel under two anchorage systems, including twice-tension anchorage system and HM （Chinese transliteration is huanmao） anchorage system, are introduced. The software ANSYS is selected to realize the three-dimensional （3D） finite element modeling to accomplish simulation and calculation works under the two anchorage systems, respectively. Stress processes of IL under the two working conditions, of which one is completed cable tensioning （CCT） and the other is water in the tunnel with the designed water pressure （DWP）, are contrasted and analyzed. Impacts of prestressing forces of anchor cables on structural safety under the two anchorage systems are contrasted. The calculation results show that the twice-tension anchorage system can reduce PL effectively and then increase prestresses of wall concrete （WC）. Meanwhile, the anchorage system has the advantages of improving security and stability of tunnel structure, reducing project costs and saving steel consumption. The research work is available to related design and construction of anchor cable, and is worthy of promotion and application.     

Cache performance optimization of irregular sparse matrix multiplication on modern multi-core CPU and GPU

This paper focuses on how to optimize the cache performance of sparse matrix-matrix multiplication （SpGEMM）.It classifies the cache misses into two categories：one is caused by the irregular distribution pattern of the multiplier-matrix,and the other is caused by the multiplicand.For each of them,the paper puts forward an optimization method respectively.The first hash based method removes cache misses of the 1 st category effectively,and improves the performance by a factor of 6 on an Intel 8-core CPU for the best cases.For cache misses of the 2nd category,it proposes a new cache replacement algorithm,which achieves a cache hit rate much higher than other historical knowledge based algorithms,and the algorithm is applicable on CELL and GPU.To further verify the effectiveness of our methods,we implement our algorithm on GPU,and the performance perfectly scales with the size of on-chip storage.     

Reality over Web： Pervasive Computing Meets the Web

Reality over Web （ROW） is a novel concept, where a window on the web corresponds to a window onto a real space. Once the correspondence is established, users should be able to interact or manipulate the objects or people in the real space through the web window. In this paper, we introduce the RoW concept and highlight the principles that govern its design and implementation. A system architecture for realizing the RoW concept is described along with a proof-of-concept prototype that implements portions of the RoW concept. One essential part of an RoW implementation is accurate Iocationing of objects and people in a video frame. The Iocationing problem becomes particularly challenging because we want to reuse existing infrastructure as much as possible. We developed a high-frequency sound-based Iocationing scheme and implemented it on the prototype. The results from initial experiments performed on the Iocationing scheme are reported here.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of （Ti,AI,Zr）N/（Ti,AI,Zr,Cr）N films on cemented carbide substrates

（Ti,Al,Zr）N/（Ti,Al,Zr,Cr）N bilayer films were deposited on cemented carbide （WC-8%Co） substrates by multi-arc ion plating （MAIP） using two Ti-AI-Zr alloy targets and one pure Cr target. To investigate the composition, morphology, and crystalline structure of the bilayer films, a number of complementary methods of elemental and structural analysis were used, namely, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy disperse X-ray spectroscopy （EDS）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. Adhesive strength and mechanical properties of the films were evaluated by scratch testing and Vickers microindentation, respectively. It is shown that the resulting films have a TiN-type face-centered cubic （FCC） structure. The films exhibit fully dense, uniform, and columnar morphology. Furthermore, as the bias voltages vary from -50 to -200 V, the microhardness （max. Hv001 4100） and adhesive strength （max. 〉 200 N） of the bilayer films are superior to those of the （Ti,Al,Zr）N and （Ti,Al,Zr, Cr）N monolayer films.     

Design and evaluation of a Laval-type supersonic atomizer for low-pressure gas atomization of molten metals

A Laval-type supersonic gas atomizer was designed for low-pressure gas atomization of molten metals. The principal design objectives were to produce small-particle uniform powders at lower operating pressures by improving the gas inlet and outlet structures and optimizing structural parameters. A computational fluid flow model was developed to study the flow field characteristics of the designed atomizer. Simulation results show that the maximum gas velocity in the atomization zone can reach 440 m·s?1; this value is independent of the atomization gas pressure P₀ when P₀ > 0.7 MPa. When P₀ = 1.1 MPa, the aspiration pressure at the tip of the delivery tube reaches a minimum, indicating that the atomizer can attain the best atomization efficiency at a relatively low atomization pressure. In addition, atomization experiments with pure tin at P₀ = 1.0 MPa and with 7055Al alloy at P₀ = 0.8 and 0.4 MPa were conducted to evaluate the atomization capability of the designed atomizer. Nearly spherical powders were obtained with the mass median diameters of 28.6, 43.4, and 63.5 μm, respectively. Compared with commonly used atomizers, the designed Laval-type atomizer has a better low-pressure gas atomization capability.