自然环境下聚丙烯土工织物的老化行为

为了评价和预测聚丙烯土工织物在实际使用条件下的使用寿命,在上海地区的户外环境下,采用3种不同的老化试验条件,即大气自然老化、沙土掩埋老化和水下老化,研究聚丙烯土工织物的老化行为.在试验期间,分别记录大气环境下的紫外辐射、温度和降雨量等环境因素的变化,测试在相应老化条件下土工织物的经向断裂强度.试验表明,经过12个月的大气自然老化试验,聚丙烯土工织物的断裂强度由3.31kN/5cm下降到1.35kN/5cm,且土工织物的强度下降与所接受到的累积紫外辐射能线性相关,而环境温度和降雨量等环境因素的变化并未影响土工织物强度与累积紫外辐射能间的关系.开展15个月的沙土掩埋老化试验和24个月的水下老化试验,测试老化期间织物试样的强度变化.试验结果表明,在这两种老化条件下,聚丙烯土工织物的强度并没有产生统计意义上的变化.     

两种不同基布芳纶针刺非织造材料的结构与力学性能的测试评价

针对两种不同基布(芳纶基、聚四氟乙烯基)芳纶针刺非织造材料,研究了织物的表面形态、拉伸性能、耐折叠性能、耐热性和热稳定性.研究结果表明:非织造布表面为三维立体网状结构,经过高温(260℃/3h)处理,织物的表面结构发生了损伤,且烧毛面比未烧毛面损伤严重;织物纵、横向断裂强度存在差异,高温处理后织物强度保持率较优,均达到100%以上,能满足高温下过滤织物的强度要求;折叠后两种织物的纵、横向断裂强度保持率和断裂伸长率保持率均较高,表现出优异的耐折叠性能.热重(TG)试验发现,两种织物的热分解温度均高于400℃,且聚四氟乙烯基芳纶针刺非织造材料的热稳定性较芳纶基芳纶针刺非织造材料稍好.     

非织造土工布的拉伸性能

非织造土工布的拉伸性能是非织造土工布工程应用中最常用的特性指标非织造土工布受拉时,由于无侧向约束,会产生“颈瓶”现象主要通过实验的方法分析同一尺寸下不同重量、不同原料、不同加工工艺的非织造土工布的拉伸应力－应变曲线以及不同试样在 1 000 mm以下宽度对拉伸性能的影响实验,得到随着试样宽度的增加,拉伸强度趋向一个稳定值的结果根据实验结果,得到测试非织造土工布拉伸性能试验应与试样尺寸相联系的结论基于此种考虑,能准确地测试非织造土工布的拉伸性能和为准确选择非织造土工布提供科学依据     

土工织物在道路工程防裂中的应用

针对半刚性基层容易产生收缩裂缝的缺点,运用张紧的薄膜效应原理,分析了基层预锯缝处铺设的土工织物防裂夹层受力特性,研究了土工织物的防裂原理,并提出了带条土工织物防裂夹层的设计方法。在此基础上,对土工织物材料的技术要求、防裂夹层施工工艺进行了分析,并铺筑试验路进行了验证。结果表明,在半刚性基层预锯缝处合理地铺设一定宽度的土工织物,可以有效地延缓沥青面层反射裂缝的产生,并能阻止水渗入基层而减少唧泥破坏,从而可以大幅度提高沥青路面的耐久性。     

无纺织物过滤黏土的梯度比试验及机理研究

采用2种土工织物和黏土进行梯度比试验,并通过试验后黏土试样微观结构的电镜扫描,从微观上认识土工织物过滤黏土机制。结果表明:在土工织物过滤黏土的过程中,初期梯度比会快速上升,达到峰值后,织物-黏土体系淤堵情况逐渐缓解,透水性相对改善,梯度比下降并趋于稳定;在过滤过程中靠近织物的黏土中会发生细颗粒穿过土工织物逃逸的现象,这是织物-黏土体系的透水性改善的内在机制;过滤后的黏土主要以聚粒形式存在,结构较疏松,在靠近织物的黏土中出现较大的孔隙;不同孔径和工艺的土工织物过滤黏土机制相同,但淤堵程度不同。     

防淤堵滤层新材料的开发与性能

为了满足实际使用过程中对过滤性能和机械性能两方面的要求，设计开发了一种防淤堵滤层新材料，它是具有双层结构的针刺非织造土工织物。其中一层由较细的纤维组成，使土工织物具有优良的过滤性能；另一层由较粗纤维组成，提供土工织物的机械性能。通过实际测试并与常规土工织物进行对比得出，该防淤堵滤层材料具有较大的特征孔径和垂直渗透系数，能够满足防淤堵要求，而且在生产工艺相同的条件下，其机械强度也优于常规土工织物，是一种很有发展前景的新型土工材料。同时，还探讨了针刺密度对土工织物各项性能的影响。     

熔接型聚丙烯土工格室拉伸特性试验研究

土工格室的强度取决于条带强度和节点强度,同时条带生产工艺和节点连接方式对土工格室强度也有一定的影响。通过对拉伸型聚丙烯(Polypropylene,PP)土工格室条带和热熔焊接型节点进行室内单轴拉伸试验,研究试样形状（哑铃形、窄矩形、宽矩形）和试样宽度对PP土工格室条带强度及拉伸变形特性的影响,并比较不同受力状态下熔接节点的失效模式及强度大小。结果表明,3种形状试样的抗拉强度及伸长率从大到小均为宽矩形、哑铃形、窄矩形,试样宽度对PP土工格室条带拉伸性能的影响显著大于试样形状,熔接节点依托于PP条带下的拉伸力学性能表现良好,熔接节点在不同受力状态下的强度从大到小为剪切强度、对拉强度、剥离强度。试验结果可为土工格室的生产、应用以及加筋加固机理的研究提供参考和借鉴。     

东华大学学报(自然科学版) 第30卷总目次

(2 0 0 4年第一期～第六期 )研究论文用边界元法分析试样宽度对非织造土工织物拉伸性能的影响商欣萍　储才元 (11)…………………………………………纤维素 /NMMO/水体系三元相图的计算张耀鹏　邵惠丽　胡学超 (16 )………………………………………………………须条与长丝间距对Sirofil成纱结构性能的影响钱　军　余燕平　俞建勇 ,等 (110 )……………………………………………含孔对称复合层板纤维铺设角度最优设计唐学彬 (115 )…………………………………………………………………………智能远程通信接口的研制朱安邦 (2 1)………………     

纺黏非织造布的双轴向拉伸性能

对3种纺黏非织造布(聚丙烯(PP)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和聚乙烯/聚丙烯(PE/PP)双组分)分别进行不同速度和角度的双轴向拉伸试验,研究其双轴向拉伸性能.试验结果表明:在同一拉伸条件下,试样双轴向拉伸时的纤维强力利用系数大于单轴向拉伸时的纤维强力利用系数,各方向的断裂强度提高60.9%~83.3%;3种纺黏非织造布的双轴向拉伸存在一定程度的撕裂现象.     

南京市绕城公路二期工程软基处理试验研究

介绍了南京市绕城公路二期工程板桥段软基处理现场试验及有关测试资料,拟定了四种加固方案;预应力土工织物加砂垫层与塑料排水板相结合,土工织物加砂垫层与塑料排水板相结合;砂垫层加塑料排水板;土工织物加砂垫层;分别对四种加固方案进行了现场测试,通过对加固效果作较深入的对比分析,论述了土工织物砂垫层结合塑料排水板加固方案的合理性。     

Experimental Study on Pull-out Behavior of Different Geotextiles

The pullout testing of geosynthetics is essential for studying interface interaction in the soil-reinforcement system. In this paper, a new method for testing interface properties of geotextiles is proposed. The interface frictional characters of two kinds of geotextiles (woven and needle-punched nonwoven) are investigated through pullout test.Nonwoven specimen has more wide variety of displacement along length than that of woven under the same pressure because of their different exteusibility. The greater the elongation and deformation of specimens, the more evident the variations of displacement along reinforcement from front to pullout end. The greater the normal pressure, the smaller the displacement of every position along length with the same pullout load. The study focuses on the effects of the tensile modulus and the difference of pullout response between woven and nonwoven geotextiles.     

非织造土工布反滤性能的研究

非织造土工布具有三维的纤维网络结构，其独特的纤维网络结构是土木工程中反滤保砂的理想材料．非织造士工布在工程应用中易产生压缩变形，非织造土工布受压变形必然会影响非织造土工布的反滤性能．分析了非织造土工布在受压条件下的反滤性能，对非织造布的开发和应用具有一定的指导意义     

土工布处理下酸度对煤矸石淋出液中重金属含量的影响

煤矸石充填塌陷地的传统方法势必造成下部土壤和水资源的重金属污染.在此次柱状淋溶实验中,我们选取聚乙烯丙纶、涤纶针刺、高密度聚乙烯和涤纶复合四种土工布来研究土工布对煤矸石淋出液中重金属迁移的阻隔作用.研究结果表明,四种土工布都能降低淋出液中重金属的含量.由于各种土工布的厚度、材料、生产方法和防渗能力的不同,发现不同土工布对不同重金属的阻隔作用不同,同时发现淋溶介质的酸性不同,对淋出液中各种重金属含量的影响不同.通过分析去离子水淋溶介质和酸性淋溶介质的淋溶结果,得出聚乙烯丙纶土工布能显著降低淋出液中重金属Cr的含量,HDPE土工膜降低重金属Pb和Cu含量的效果显著.在不同的处理效果下,淋出液中Cr、Pb、Cu的含量相对于对照最大能降低50%、47.9%和25.3%.淋出液中各种重金属的浓度与淋出液的pH值之间呈现良好的三次非线性函数关系,且有80%的相关系数大于0.6.与去离子水做淋溶介质的结果相比较,在酸性淋溶介质淋溶过程中,土工布处理下的煤矸石中重金属离子更趋于稳定.重金属Cr,Pb和Cu分别能被聚乙烯丙纶、涤纶针刺和HDPE这三种土工布有效地吸附.涤纶复合土工布将淋出液的pH值稳定在7到7.4之间,更适宜作物生长.土工布功能强大,能够发展成为一项技术被应用到国内矿区土地复垦工程中用来防治污染.     

Study on the Relation between Individual Layer and Multi-layered Nonwoven Geotextile Permeability

Water permeability is an important property of nonwoven geotextiles used in drainage field, and usually it is obtained by testing individual layer or multi-layered nonwoven geotextiles. However, the permeability coefficient tested by using different layers would be different for the same nonwoven geotextile. In this paper, the relation between them is studied based on Darcy's law. The study shows that vertical permeability coefficients are theoretically invariable no matter how many layers are tested; but experimental results show that vertical permeability coefficients decrease with the increase of nonwoven geotextile layers number.     

A STUDY OF THE SPECIMEN SIZE OF STRIP TENSILE TEST FOR NEEDLE-PUNCHED NON-WOVEN GEOTEXTILES

In this paper,the failure features of strip tensile specimen were observed and analysed for need-le-punched non-woven geotextiles.A mechanical model which expresses the relation between thetensile modulus,the strip specimen size,contraction factor and the tensile strength of non-wovenfabric was derived.The theoretical prediction showed that the main factor influencing tensilestrength of non-woven geotextile specimens with different size is the contraction factor of specimenor the specimen aspect ratio(width/length).The larger the aspect ratio,the higher the tensilestrength test value of geotextiles,but the experiments showed that the specimen tensile strength isnot increased with increasing the width of specimen.The reason was discussed and it seemed thatthe deviation could be served as an indication of the degree of imperfectness of the non-wovenstructure.     

Investigation on the Relationship between Specimen Width and Breaking Strength of Geotextile

The tensile properties of geotextile are analyzed with the boundary elemont method, with special emphas/s put on the of specimen width on geotextile breaking strength. The theoretical and experbnental results showed that narrow spec/men would underestinmte the tensile srtength of the geotextile. During testing procedure, the lateral contraction of the specimen is the mare reason that causes the breaking strength to be on the lower side. The theoretical results also indicate that the breakin, streugth of the the would arrive at a fixed value when the specimen width is increased to a certain extent.     

非织造布力学各向异性与顶破强力的模拟计算

本文研讨非织造布力学性质估算方法。取对称于两垂直轴的各向异性平面体,各方向的应力与应变保持线性,应用平面体任意方向的拉伸模量与主模量间的关系式,推导得出上述平面体的顶破强力计算公式。顶破强力计算式中包括舍弹性常数(材料拉伸应力方向与主模量方向间夹角的函数)、材料最小断裂伸长率和试样尺寸等参数。设令非织造布符合上述平面体模型,采用非织造布力学性质实测资料验证其适应程度。文中给出两种涤纶热轧非织造布的试验结果与理论计算值随参数值变化的规律基本一致,丙纶溶喷非织造布的顶裂强力实测值与理论计算值的差异随参数值不同而变化。     

Theoretical Permeability of Two-layered Nonwoven Geotextiles

The two-layered nonwoven geotextile, which consists of a layer constructed with fine fibers for providing optimal filtration characteristics and another layer constructed with coarse fibers for providing the required mechanical properties, is desirable for drainage and filtration system. Based on Darcy＇s law and drag force theory, a mathematical model on vertical permeability coefficient of two-layered nonwoven geotextile is estabilished. Comparison with experimental results shows that the present model possesses 83.6% accuracy for needle-punched two-layered nonwoven geotextiles. And experimental results also show that with the increasing of needle density the vertical permeability coefficient of two-layered nonwoven geotextiless firstly decreases and then increases, reaching the smallest value at 470 p/cm^2.     

Influence of Processing Parameters on Properties of Needle punched Composite Geotextiles

The influence of the processing parameters on the properties of needle-punched composite geotextiles, compounded by polypropylene filament woven-fabrics and nonwoven fabrics is studied by using orthogonal design method. The relationship between tensile strength and peeling strength is discussed. The experimental results are offered as reference.     

基于激光散射强度测量非织造布面密度的实验研究

应用光技术测量原理研究了非织造布的激光散射强度与面密度的关系,并应用计算机程序控制非织造布激光散射强度测定系统测定和分析了3种加工方法的非织造布试样。结果表明:非织造布面密度与激光散射强度之间存在十分密切的关系,这里所述的方法具有无放射性和易于采用计算机测量的优点,可用于薄型非织造布面密度的测量。