Degradation of [3H]thymidine by a pentosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.4) in the plasma of man and different animals

Summary [³H]Thymidine is degraded by an enzyme (thymidine phosphorylase; EC 2.4.2.4) which we have identified in the plasma of man and some animals. The presence of this enzyme in plasma or sera used to supplement culture media may, under certain experimental conditions, limit the validity of measuring the uptake of radiolabeled thymidine as a means of defining DNA synthesis.Supported in part by United States Public Health Service grant CA-17658 from the National Cancer Institute, and grant RR-05648 from the National Institutes of Health.     

Trace element stimulation of keratin (Hair) degradation by oral keratinolytic microflora

Zusammenfassung Nach der Proteolyse-Chelationstheorie der Zahnkaries werden organische und anorganische Bestandteile des Zahnschmelzes mehr oder weniger gleichzeitig abgebaut. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchungen zeigen, dass 1. mineralische Bestandteile des Schmelzes die mikrobiologische Zersetzung des Keratins fördern und dass 2. die enzymatische Zersetzung des Keratins Stoffe entwickelt, welche die Apatitauflösung mittels Chelation fördern.

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This investigation was supported in part by a research grant D-182(C) from the National Institute of Dental Research of the National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service.     

Bacterial utilization of cyclo(glycyl-L-prolyl)

Summary 3 strains of soil bacteria (2Achromobacter, 1Flavobacterium) were isolated by growth on cyclo(Gly-L-Pro) as carbon/nitrogen source. Good growth required yeast extract supplements. Utilization of cyclo(Gly-L-Pro) was inducible. Many efforts failed to obtain active cell-free preparations. Injected radioactive cyclo(Gly-L-Pro) was excreted intact by the albino rat; in contrast, injected radioactive H-Gly-L-Pro-OH was extensively metabolized.Supported by Grant GM-11105 from the National Institutes of Health.     

Seasonal changes in the uptake capacity of the suprachiasmatic nucleus for3H-serotonin

Summary The suprachiasmatic nucleus, a hypothalamic center important in mediation of circadian and estrous cycles, is shown in adult rats to have seasonal changes in its uptake capacity in vitro for³H-serotonin.Supported in part by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health (MH-25091), the National Institute of Health (HD-10263, HD-03352, 5-T01-HD00104-10), USPHS, and the Ford Foundation (grant No. 630-0505 B, C).     

Estrogen binds to hypothalamic nuclei of androgen-insensitive (tfm) rats

Summary Androgen-insensitive (tfm) rats possess a nuclear-estrogen binding system in the brain that is similar to that of wild-type control males. In these mutant rats, radiolabeled estradiol was bound predominantly to hypothalamic nuclei and this binding was of limited capacity.This research was supported by grants Nos HD-13957 and HD-14726 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.     

Potentiation of bradykinin and eledoisin by BPF (bradykinin potentiating factor) fromBothrops jararaca venom

Zusammenfassung Nachweis der pharmakologischen Wirkung des Bradykinins am isolierten Meerschweinchenileum und am deutlichen Blutdruckanstieg bei Hund und Katze nach Vorbehandlung mit BPF (Bradykinin-potenzierender Faktor aus Jararcagift). Unter diesen Bedingungen werden mit Bradykinin gleich intensive Effekte wie mit Eldoisin erhalten.

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This work was aided by research grants from the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa and from the Public Health Service, National Institute of Health, Bethesda (Md. USA) (NB. 02953-03).     

The antagonism of adrenergic blockade by dichloroisoproterenol (DCI)

Zusammenfassung Mit Dibenzylin vorbehandelte anästhetisierte Hunde reagierten nach Dichloroisoproterenol(DCI)-Verabreichung sofort mit «Pressor response» auf Epinephrin und Norepinephrin. Ähnliche Befunde ergaben sich auch bei adrenergischer Blockade mittels Dihydroergotamin oder Benzodioxan.

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This study was supported in part by a Research Training Grant from the National Institutes of Health.     

Ileal absorption of disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) and disodium dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2 MDP) in the chick

Résumé Une proportion non négligeable de disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) et de disodium dichloromethylenediphosphonate (Cl₂MDP) peut être absorbée au niveau de l'ileum de poulet. L'absorption du Cl₂MDP est significativement supérieure à celle de l'EHDP.

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Acknowledgements. We thank MissLinda Senior for her skillful technical assistance. This work has been supported by the Procter and Gambel Company, by the US National Institute of Health (Grant No. AM 07256) and by the Swiss National Research Fund (Grant No. 3.326.70 Sr). R. H. W. was supported, in part, by the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation.     

Synaptic development in brains of rats exposed perinatally to ethanol

Summary Development of brain synaptosomal uptakes of³H-norepinephrine and³H-dopamine in pups whose mothers received ethanol were nearly normal. However, development of synaptosomal uptake of³H-serotonin was significantly lower than in controls, while uptake of³H-norepinephrine into synaptic storage vesicles was increased.The authors thank F.J. Seidler and W.L. Whitmore for their technical assistance. Research was supported by U.S. Public Health Service grants AA-02935 and DA-00465. TAS is recipient of Research Scientist Development Award DA-00006 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and SMS is recipient of Research Scientist Award MH-06489 from the National Institute of Mental Health.     

New non-photodynamic (type B) phototoxic molecules

Summary This report completes the examination of the 3 butadiynes substituted with phenyl and thienyl groups, and their related thiophene molecules. With the exception of 2,5-diphenylthiophene, they are all non-photodynamic (type B) phototoxic compounds.Acknowledgments. We are grateful to the National Institutes of Health for the support of this research (GM 24144).     

The sequential uptake of (14C) deoxyglucose in brain after embolic stroke

Summary An i.v. bolus of (¹⁴C) deoxyglucose was injected into 4 groups of rats which simultaneously were embolized through the internal carotid artery. 15 and 30 min post embolization there was a massive decrease in (¹⁴C) deoxyglucose uptake in both deep and cortical structures. At 4 h a small zone of increased (¹⁴C) deoxyglucose uptake persisted around each embolized microsphere.     

Type III (Arthus) allergic reactions and endotoxin toxicity in guinea-pigs

Summary Lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) fromE. coli cells produced lethal effects in guinea-pigs. Endotoxin caused no visible dermal change in normal animals, but produced skin reactions characterized by specific Arthus-type (Type III immune hypersensitivity) vascular inflammation in immunized animals. It is concluded that Arthus allergic reactions were evoked by endotoxin, however, endotoxin lethal toxicity appears independent of this process.Acknowledgment. Supported by a grant from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.     

Productionin vitro of melanin-like pigmentation by cells of the intestinal mucosa

Zusammenfassung Gefrierschnitte von frischem oder formalin-fixiertem Dünndarm verschiedener Tierarten werden in teilweise autoxydierten, 2 × 10^–3-molaren Lösungen von Dopamin, Dopa, Adrenalin, Hydroxytryptamin und verwandten Verbindungen bei pH=8 inkubiert. Gewisse Zellen der tunica propria der Schleimhaut zeigen dann nach relativ kurzer Zeit eine zum Teil sehr starke granuläre Pigmentierung ihres Zytoplasmas.

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This investigation was supported by research grants [B-282 (C3 and C4)] from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service     

Thaligine,a newBisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid fromThalictrum polygamum muhl. (Ranunculaceae)

Résumé Le nouvel alcaloïde thaligine (1) a été tiré duThalictrum polygamum Mulh. (Ranunculaceae).

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The authors are grateful to the National Institutes of Health for grant No. HL-12971, and to ProfessorJ. L. Beal for alkaloidal samples.     

Chromatographic evidence for murein from the bacteroid symbiotes ofPeriplaneta americana (L)

Zusammenfassung Papierchromatographisch wurde Murein in symbiontischen Bakteroiden derPeriplaneta americana nachgewiesen. Die Murein-Komponente Glukosamin und der Murein-Anzeiger Muramic-Säure wurden mittels Bakteroid-Hydrolysaten identifiziert. Das Vorhandensein von --Diaminopimelic-Säure jedoch konnte nicht einwandfrei festgestellt werden.

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This is paper No. 6175, Scientific Journal Series, Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, St. Paul (Minnesota, USA). The work was supported by U.S. Public Health Service Research Grant No. AI 00961, from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health.     

Identification and localization of volatile hairpencil components in maleAmauris ochlea butterflies (Danaidae)

Summary By gas-chromatography and mass-spectroscopy 7 volatile substances have been found on the abdominal hairpencils ofAmauris ochlea males. 6 substances have been identified. The spatial distribution of compounds is correlated to the 5 types of hairs comprising the scent organ.Acknowledgments. We thank our colleagues M. Kaib and P. Lounibos for their continous effort to supply us with danaids from Kenya. Support by a research grant from the National Institute of Health (AI 12020) is acknowledged with pleasure.     

Solid phase synthesis and some pharmacoogical properties of 4-Ser-8-Gln-Oxytocin (Glumitocin)

Zusammenfassung Eine neue Synthese des Peptidhormons Glumitocin wird beschrieben, in der die Trägermethode vonMerrifield benutzt wird. Einige pharmakologische Daten des Hormons werden mitgeteilt.

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This work was supported in part by a grant from the Medical Research Council of Canada, Banting Research Foundation, National Science Foundation Grant No. GB 4932X and a General Research Support Grant from the National Institutes of Health.     

Influence of common bile duct cannula size on maximal secretory rate of taurocholate in the rat

Summary The common bile duct of male Sprague-Dawley rats was cannulated with either PE 10 or PE 50 tubing. Maximal secretory rate of taurocholate averaged 389±67 (SD) and 657±115 nmoles·min^–1·g liver^–1 in the PE 10 and PE 50 group, respectively (p<0.005). Maximal bile secretory pressure was significantly higher in the PE 10 group (240±28 vs 174±8 mm H20; p<0.005). When the maximal secretory rate was exceeded, bile flow decreased in both groups but this was accompanied with a decrease in maximal bile secretory pressure in the PE 10 group only. Maximal secretory rate of bile salts is markedly influenced by experimental technique. Use of small caliber common bile duct cannulae leads to partial obstruction and decreases the apparent maximal secretory rate for taurocholate.Acknowledgments. J. Reichen was the recipient of a Faculty Development Award in Clinical Pharmacology from The Pharmaceutical Manufacturer's Association Foundation, and is the recipient of a Research Career Development Award (KO4 AM 1189) from the National Institutes of Health. Supported by National Institutes of Health grant RO1 AM 27597.     

Absorption of iron from gut into blood: Sex- and time-related studies in rats

Summary As judged from 2-h blood level curves, adult female rats absorbed more Fe^II per cm² of gross duodenal mucosa than adult male rats. By contrast, the 2-h blood level curves per cm² of mucosa of proximal jejunum did not differ significantly in male and female rats although in both sexes, iron was absorbed more efficiently from the duodenum. This research was supported by grant RO1 AM 12381 from the National Institute of arthritis, Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health.     

Some physicochemical properties of anticatalase

Zusammenfassung Antikatalase isoliert aus dem Katalase-Antikatalase-Präzipitin nach Denaturierung, hat einen S ₂₀ ^o ,w-Wert von 6,9, ein Molekulargewicht von 177 600 (Archibald-Verfahren), ein E _lem ^1% (280 mµ, pH 5,7) von 15,2 und Alanin als freie endständige NH₂-Gruppe. Diese Merkmale, wie auch der Aminosäure-Gehalt der Antikatalase, sind mit den generellen Antikörpern des Kaninchens vergleichbar.

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This investigation was supported in part by a research grant, E-1953, from the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, and an equipment grant from the Charles F. Kettering Foundation.