全球地形影响大气和海洋经圈环流的耦合模式研究

利用气候系统模式(CESM1.0)研究陆地地形改变对大气?海洋经圈环流的影响。模式首先给出真实海陆分布及陆地地形情况下的大气?海洋气候态, 然后给出平板陆地情况下(陆地海拔均匀10 m)的气候态。与真实世界相比, 平板陆地情形下大气?海洋经圈环流发生重大改变: 首先, 年平均大气对流中心南移到赤道附近, 使得大气哈德雷环流相对于赤道对称; 其次, 海洋的经向翻转流变强, 大西洋经向翻转流完全消失, 取而代之的是在太平洋出现强大的经向翻转流及热盐环流。在平板陆地情形下, 北半球中高纬度大气抬升减弱, 向北的大气热量输送减少, 北半球温度降低, 大气对流中心因而向赤道迁移; 同时, 海洋向极地的热量输送也减弱, 中高纬度海洋变冷, 北太平洋海水密度增加很多, 北大西洋海水密度降低, 导致海洋经向翻转流从大西洋转移到太平洋。     

Coupling methods of global climate models and regional climate models

The future climate dynamical downscaling method is that output of general circulation models (GCMs) is employed to provide initial conditions,lateral boundary conditions,sea surface temperatures,and initial land surface conditions to regional climate models (RCMs).There are two methods of downscaling:offline coupling and online coupling.The two kinds of coupling methods are described in detail by coupling the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) with the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences Atmospheric General Circulation Model Version 4.0 (IAP AGCM4.0) in the study.And the extreme precipitation event over Beijing on July 21 2012 is simulated by using the two coupling methods.Results show that online coupling method is of great value in improving the model simulation.Furthermore,the data exchange frequency of online coupling has some effect on simulation result.     

A spectral model based on atmospheric self-memorization principle

Based on the atmospheric self-memorization principle, a complex memory function was introduced and the spectral form of atmospheric self-memorial equation was derived. Setting up and solving the equation constitute a new approach of the numerical weather prediction. Using the spectral model T42L9 as a dynamic kernel, a global self-memorial T42 model (SMT42) was established, with which twelve cases of 30-d integration experiments were carried out. Compared with the T42L9, the SMT42 is much better in 500 hPa forecast not only for daily circulation but also for monthly mean circulation. The anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) of forecast for monthly mean circulation has been improved to 0.42, increased by 0.05, and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) has been reduced from 6.09 to 4.03 dagpm.     

Can the climate background of western North Pacific typhoon activity be predicted by climate model?

Based on the observation and reanalysis data through 1948-2004, the vertical shear of zonal wind, outgoing Iongwave radiation, and divergence fields in the lower and upper troposphere during summer are revealed to correlate significantly with the concurrent western North Pacific （WNP） typhoon frequency, and they therefore can be regarded as predictors for the WNP typhoon activity anomaly. After that, the 34-year （1970-2003） ensemble hindcast experiments are performed by the nine-level atmospheric general circulation model developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics Under the Chinese Academy of Sciences （IAP9L-AGCM）, aiming to investigate the numerical predictability of the summer vertical shear of zonal wind and divergence field in the lower troposphere. It is found that the temporal correlation coefficients between the hindcast and observation are 0.70 and 0.62 for the vertical shear of zonal wind and divergence field, respectively. This suggests that the model possesses a large potential skill for predicting the large-scale climate background closely related to the WNP typhoon activity, and the model is therefore capable of performing the real-time numerical prediction of the WNP typhoon activity anomaly to some extent.     

The Changeless Technique Researches for City Flood Control and Reduced the Disaster

1Introduction Throughsuccessiveeffortofthescientists,as H.Bergson,I.Koyr啨,I.PrigogineandS.C.Ouyang,formorethan40years,finallypeopleareunderstandingthatquantitativeanalysissystem sinceNewtonisnotevolutionscience.AndS.C.Ouyangsubstantiallyhasputforwardthestability principleofquasi three circulationsystemofthestirringenergyconservationlaw,involvingsystem restrictionofsubstanceexistenceaswellas methodofevolutionaryanalysis[1-4].Traditional quantitativeanalysismethod,asestimationmethodofprodu…     

纳米孔洞金属-有机骨架材料对o,p-苯二酚的选择性催化氧化

以不同孔洞尺寸及不同中心离子的纳米孔洞金属-有机骨架材料M_3(BTC)_2(H_2O)x(M=Cu~Ⅱ,Zn~Ⅱ,Co~Ⅱ,Ni ~Ⅱ,BTC=benzene tricarboxylic acid苯三甲酸)为催化剂,采用动力学方法,讨论其对p-苯二酚和o-苯二酚的选择性催化氧化性能.重点考察了催化剂孔洞尺寸,骨架中心离子,催化反应介质,反应温度对催化选择性的影响,以期对MOFs材料的选择性催化动力学方面有比较全面的认识.     

Cu3(BTC)2提高聚二甲基硅氧烷/聚醚酰亚胺复合膜气体分离性能成因的研究

将金属有机骨架化合物Cu₃(BTC)₂填充到聚二甲基硅氧烷中，制备聚二甲基硅氧烷/聚醚酰亚胺改性复合膜，用于气体分离的研究。考察了操作温度和压力对CO₂、CH₄、O₂和N₂在改性复合膜中的渗透系数、扩散系数、溶解度系数和分离系数的影响。结果表明，填充Cu₃(BTC)₂可降低气体的渗透活化能、扩散活化能和膜的压缩效应，进而提高气体的扩散性能和渗透性能；Cu₃(BTC)₂改性复合膜在低温条件下可得到较高的渗透性能和分离性能，较高压力可在不降低膜分离性能的基础上提高其渗透性能。     

Some characteristics of the atmosphere during an adiabatic process

Some important characteristics of the atmosphere during an adiabatic process are investigated, which include the invariability of atmospheric entropy range and local surface potential temperature, the conservation of the atmospheric mass intervened between any isentropic surface and the ground, and the isentropic surface intersecting with the ground. The analysis shows that the atmospheric reference state (ARS) for investigation on available potential energy (APE) should be defined objectively as the state which could be approached from the existing atmosphere by adiabatic adjustment, and be related to initial atmospheric state before adjustment. For the initial atmosphere state at any time, its corresponding ARS is different from the one at another time. Based on the above-mentioned conclusions, the reference state proposed by Lorenz cannot be obtained physically, so a new conception, the conditional minimum total potential energy, is put forward in order to objectively investigate atmospheric APE.     

Poleward heat transport by the atmospheric heat engine

The atmospheric heat transport on Earth from the Equator to the poles is largely carried out by the mid-latitude storms. However, there is no satisfactory theory to describe this fundamental feature of the Earth's climate. Previous studies have characterized the poleward heat transport as a diffusion by eddies of specified horizontal length and velocity scales, but there is little agreement as to what those scales should be. Here we propose instead to regard the baroclinic zone--the zone of strong temperature gradients and active eddies--as a heat engine which generates eddy kinetic energy by transporting heat from a warmer to a colder region. This view leads to a new velocity scale, which we have tested along with previously proposed length and velocity scales, using numerical climate simulations in which the eddy properties have been varied by changing forcing and boundary conditions. The experiments show that the eddy velocity varies in accordance with the new scale, while the size of the eddies varies with the well-known Rhines beta-scale. Our results not only give new insight into atmospheric eddy heat transport, but also allow simple estimates of the intensities of mid-latitude storms, which have hitherto only been possible with expensive general circulation models.     

论不同惯性系中的动量和动能

研究物体动量、动量变化量和动能、动能变化量在不同惯性系间的关系.并在此基础上研究不同惯性系中动量定理和动能定理以及弹性碰撞过程中物体组动量守恒定律和动能守恒定律在不同惯性系中的普适性问题.     

Influence of mesoscale topography on vortex intensity

The effect of mesoscale topography on multi-vortex self-organization is investigated numerically in this paper using a barotropic primitive equation model with topographic term. In the initial field there are one DeMaria major vortex with the maximum wind radius rm of 80 km at the center of the computational domain, and four meso-b vortices in the vicinity of rm to the east of the major vortex center. When there is no topography present, the initial vortices self-organize into a quasi-final state ?ow pattern, i.e. a quasi-axisymmetric vortex whose intensity is close to that of the initial major vortex. However, when a mesoscale topography is incorporated, the spatial scale of the quasi-final state vortex reduces, and the relative vorticity at the center of the vortex and the local maximum wind speed remarkably increase. The possible mechanism for the enhancement of the quasi-?nal state vortex might be that the negative relative vorticity lump, generated above the mesoscale topography because of the constraint of absolute vorticity conservation, squeezes the center of positive vorticity towards the mountain slope area, and thus reduces the spatial range of the major vortex. Meanwhile, because the total kinetic energy is basically conservative, the squeezing directly leads to the concentration of the energy in a smaller area, i.e. the strengthening of the vortex.     

Influence of mesoscale topography on vortex intensity

The effect of mesoscale topography on multi-vortex self-organization is investigated numerically in this paper using a barotropic primitive equation model with topographic term. In the initial field there are one DeMaria major vortex with the maximum wind radius rm of 80 km at the center of the computational domain, and four meso-β vortices in the vicinity of rm to the east of the major vortex center.When there is no topography present, the initial vortices self-organize into a quasi-final state flow pattern, I.e. A quasi-axisymmetric vortex whose intensity is close to that of the initial major vortex. However, when a mesoscale topography is incorporated, the spatial scale of the quasi-final state vortex reduces, and the relative vorticity at the center of the vortex and the local maximum wind speed remarkably increase. The possible mechanism for the enhancement of the quasi-final state vortex might be that the negative relative vorticity lump,generated above the mesoscale topography because of the constraint of absolute vorticity conservation, squeezes the center of positive vorticity towards the mountain slope area, and thus reduces the spatial range of the major vortex. Meanwhile, because the total kinetic energy is basically conservative, the squeezing directly leads to the concentration of the energy in a smaller area, I.e. The strengthening of the vortex.     

Mechanical energy input to the world oceans due to atmospheric loading

MECHANICAL ENERGY INPUT FROM THE ATMOSPHERE IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT SOURCES OF ENERGY DRIVING THE OCEANIC GENERAL CIRCULATION[1,2]. THIS ENERGY IS TRANS- FERRED TO THE OCEANS, MOSTLY THROUGH SEA SURFACE WIND STRESS AND ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE PERTURBATI…     

河南省循环经济发展对策

基于河南作为全国重要的农业大省、经济大省、新兴工业大省及资源消费大省的现状,阐明了在循环经济发展方面面临的产业集聚与耦合度低、资源综合利用水平不高、技术支撑能力弱等主要问题,提出了突出工农复合型循环经济的发展思路、目标和任务.     

具有单面约束的非完整动力学系统的积分因子和守恒定理

本文提出了动力学系统守恒定律的构成的一般途径，首先，给出积分因子的定义，其次，详细地研究了守恒量存在的必要条件，建立了具有单面约束的非完整动力学系统的守恒定理及其逆定理，并举例说明结果的应用。     

An improved numerical method for nonlinear terms of spectral model and its applications

At present,the spectral model is one of the most widely applied numerical models in the research of numerical prediction and climatic variation .To improve the precision and effeiciency of spectral method can greatly contribute to the development of numerical prediction .As the core part of spectral method,the calculating method of nonliner terms always concentrates on numerical solution of atmospheric dynamical processes in the spectral space,However,there was little study in this field in the late thirty years,According to the principle of nonlinear term calculation with the dimensionality degradation and latitudinal perfect spectral method.we designed a new nonlinear term calculating method and made it compatible well with the common numerical algorithms of the spectral model used internationally,With an own-designed spectral dynamical framework suiting for the numerical application in common uses,theoretical analyses and numerical experiments have also been deeply conducted to compare our new method with the widely-used transform method in an attempt to advance the development of numerical algorithms of spectral model.     

新型压水堆自然循环特性计算分析

针对新型压水堆的结构特点，在一维质量、动量和能量守恒方程的基础上，建立了描述其稳态自然循环特性的数学模型．模型对新型压水堆在稳态自然循环过程中可能出现的流动形式和换热状态进行了充分考虑．通过数值迭代求解该模型，对新型压水堆的自然循环特性进行了理论分析．计算结果表明：反应堆自然循环流量随堆芯功率的增加而增加，并且是堆芯功率的指数函数；在不同蒸汽压力下，反应堆的自然循环流量不同，且随蒸汽压力的增加而增加．冷热芯位差越大，反应堆自然循环能力越大．该研究对我国新型压水堆的概念设计提供了重要的理论依据．     

集成圆柱弹簧弹性势能与转动动能的蓄能方法

利用圆柱螺旋弹簧作为蓄能主元件,提出了一种使压缩后的弹簧发生转动,实现弹簧弹性势能与其转动动能集成蓄能的方法,并初步构想了集成蓄能器模型.对各类常见弹簧材料的能量密度比进行对比计算,选取蓄能效果最优的材料并以其为基础,对一定参数范围内弹簧的转动动能和弹性势能的大小进行了匹配分析.对集成方法的蓄能值与对照参数飞轮的蓄能值进行了对比,表明提出的这种集成蓄能方法切实可行.     

质点沿固定半球面运动的动力学分析

该文建立了存在摩擦力情况下的质点沿固定半球面滑动的动力学微分方程并获得了解析解;确定了质点自球面顶端开始滑动所需要的初动能值的范围并找到了质点滑离球面时飞离角大小与摩擦系数的解析关系.