图的拉普拉斯谱半径

设G是n阶简单连通图,则L(G)=D(G)-A(G)称为图G的拉普拉斯矩阵,其中A(G)和D(G)分别表示图G的邻接矩阵和度对角矩阵.结合非负矩阵谱理论,利用图的边数、顶点数、最大度、最小度给出了图的拉普拉斯谱半径的新上界,同时给出达到上界的极图,并通过举例将所给的上界与已有的上界作比较,结果说明在一定程度上新上界优于已有结果.     

图的拉普拉斯谱半径的新可达上界

设G是n阶简单连通图,顶点度序列为d1≥d2≥…≥dn.本文利用矩阵变换的方法给出了图G的拉普拉斯谱半径的新上界,并证明了达到该上界的极图仅有正则二部图或星图.同时还证明了在一定条件下,该上界改进了Li,Liu和Shu等人同类的结论.     

图的Laplacian矩阵谱半径

设G为n阶简单连通图,若L(G)为图G的度对角矩阵与邻接矩阵的差,则称L(G)为图G的Laplacian矩阵.结合非负矩阵谱理论,利用图的顶点度和平均二次度给出了图G的Laplacian矩阵的谱半径的新上界,同时给出了达到上界的极图.     

连通图的拟拉普拉斯谱半径的一个上界

对于连通图G,矩阵Q(G)=D(G) A(G)称为图G的拟拉普拉斯矩阵,其中D(G)为图的度对角矩阵,A(G)为图的邻接矩阵.本文利用矩阵的一些性质,推导出连通图的拟拉普拉斯谱半径的一个上界.并将该上界与已有的一些结论结合具体图例作了优越性比较.     

关于图的星荫度的一个注

图G的曼荫度vas(G)定度为对G进行项点着色且使得G中同色顶点导出的子图的每个连通分支都为星时所需的最少色数,本文证明了平面图和外平面图的曼荫度的平凡上界事实上也是最好的上界.     

图的拉普拉斯谱半径的新上界

设D(G)和A(G)分别是图G的度对角矩阵和邻接矩阵,则图G的Laplace矩阵定义为L(G)=D(G)-A(G).利用非负矩阵理论和图论知识给出了两个用图的边数、顶点数,以及顶点的最大度、次大度.最小度表示的L(G)谱半径的新上界,并确定等式成立的极图.最后举例说明这些上界使Laplace谱半径的估计值更小,从而在一定程度上改进了一些文献的结果.     

图的最大拉普拉斯特征值的上界

设G=(V,E)是n阶简单连通图,D(G)和A(G)分别表示图的度对角矩阵和邻接矩阵,L(G)=D(G)-A(G)则称为图G的拉普拉斯矩阵。利用图的顶点度和平均二次度结合非负矩阵谱理论给出了图的最大拉普拉斯特征值的新上界,同时给出了达到上界的极图,并且通过举例与已有的上界作了比较,说明在一定程度上优于已有结果。     

图的无符号拉普拉斯谱半径的一个新上界

设图G是一个有n个顶点、m条边的简单图,Q(G)为图G的无符号拉普拉斯矩阵,本文利用图的度序列平方和上界,给出了简单图无符号拉普拉斯谱半径的一个新的上界。     

三正则图的Upper减控制数

设G=(V(G),E(G))是一个三正则图,按照减控制函数的定义,将三正则图G的顶点分成若干个不交的点集,通过研究这些不交的点集之间边的关系及边的条数,证明了三正则图的Upper减控制数的一个上界Γ-(G)≤5n/8,且此上界是可达的,并构造出Γ-(G)=5n/8的一类图.     

循环图的无符号拉普拉斯谱半径

给出一个图G,称矩阵Q=D+A为无符号拉普拉斯谱矩阵,其中A表示G的邻接矩阵,D表示G的顶点度对角矩阵.研究了循环图的无符号拉普拉斯谱半径的上界,得到了几个有意义结果.进一步,讨论了循环图的卡氏积图的无符号拉普拉斯谱半径上界.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.