百色盆地东部坳陷北部陡坡带岩性油气藏勘探研究

百色盆地东部坳陷北部陡坡带划分为构造型、岩性和复合型 ,并已发现子寅、仑圩、塘寨、花茶四个油田 ,已探明石油地质储量 82 7× 10 4t,控制储量 12× 10 4t,预测储量 4 9× 10 4t,勘探已证实该区带是一个油气富集带。该区在始新世那读 -百岗期发育一系列冲积扇、扇三角洲及湖底扇 ,并在花茶地区分布有孔、缝、洞发育的三叠统灰岩 ,且存在多层系、多类型的复合型有利含油气圈闭 ;综合该区岩性油气藏的分布规律及其生储盖组合特征 ,并对有利的勘探目标进行分析、评价优选 ,各项证实了该区是岩性隐蔽油气勘探的最有利区块之一。     

英台断陷深层天然气成因分析及气源对比

松辽盆地南部深层天然气资源丰富,但其烃类气既存在有机成因气(包括油型气和煤型气),亦存在无机成因,还存在混合成因,在同位素序列上常表现为部分倒转和完全倒转。为了明确英台断陷天然气的成因及来源,根据烃源岩的地化指标、天然气组分、碳同位素以及轻烃指纹对研究区的天然气成因类型加以分析,并进行气源对比。研究表明,英台断陷烃类气为凝析油伴生气和煤型气的混合,其中南部洼槽天然气主要来自于沙河子组,而北部则来自于营城组。通过判定天然气成因的类型和识别气源方向,有利于加深对英台断陷深层天然气成藏条件和成藏模式的认识,从而为研究天然气藏的分布规律,以及下一步的天然气勘探指引方向。     

辽东湾断陷与下辽河坳陷油气成藏条件及油气分布特征的差异性分析

通过综合对比分析,发现辽东湾断陷和下辽河坳陷油气成藏条件和油气分布规律存在差异:①两个地区都发育沙三段主力烃源岩,但下辽河西部凹陷和大民屯凹陷还发育沙四段主力烃源岩;②辽东湾断陷储集层成因类型较单一,下辽河坳陷多样化;③与下辽河坳陷相比,辽东湾砂体不发育,断层少,输导条件欠佳;④辽东湾已发现的圈闭类型较单一,以构造圈闭为主,单纯的岩性圈闭发现较少,而下辽河坳陷内发育各种类型的构造、地层和岩性圈闭;⑤辽东湾断陷和下辽河坳陷都具备良好的区域盖层条件和保存条件;⑥辽东湾断陷原油探明储量主要分布在东营组,而下辽河坳陷原油探明储量主要分布在沙河街组;⑦辽东湾断陷现今找到的大中型油气田多位于辽西低凸起主断棱带上,而下辽河坳陷在斜坡带、陡坡带及深陷区均有大型油气田发现,具有“整凹含油”的特点.以上对比分析对于进一步预测辽东湾地区油气勘探开发潜力具有重要意义.     

大数据统计在碳酸盐岩油气田开发中的应用

为解决塔里木盆地下古生界奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气田后续高效井的部署难题，在精细构造成图的基础上，进行有效圈闭的识别和分类，通过海量钻井资料统计分析油气富集规律，重新落实构造对油气的控制作用。结果表明，研究区主要的构造圈闭类型可分为背斜圈闭、断背斜圈闭及与走滑断裂相关的断裂圈闭共3大类6小类；研究区碳酸盐岩储层具有一定的连续性和连通性，油、气、水的分布宏观上和微观上符合油气差异聚集原理。构造圈闭是油气最富集的区域，是高效井集中分布区，油气藏富集模式可分为圈闭内富集型、斜坡全充注型、斜坡半充注型和斜坡全漏失型四种，其中斜坡全充注型和圈闭内富集型是钻探获高效井最有利的地质目标。     

鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区天然气地球化学特征及其成因

在对鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区奥陶系天然气地球化学特征研究的基础上,将其组分、烷烃气碳同位素、氦同位素、氩同位素等与盆地中部主要气田进行了对比,并结合区域地质背景综合分析了天然气的成因类型.指出该地区奥陶系天然气具有"干燥系数大、二氧化碳含量高、烷烃气碳同位素组成轻、热演化程度高"的特点,与靖边气田奥陶系天然气地球化学特征非常接近.应用国内学者建立的甲烷碳同位素与镜质体反射率关系方程式计算了富县地区奥陶系天然气的Ro约为3.33%,处于过成熟演化阶段.利用天然气成因判别图版综合分析,认为富县地区奥陶系天然气为油型气和煤成气的混合气体,且以油型气为主.     

A breakthrough of researching reservoir adsorption gas and its significance

GC-C-MS on linear isotope analysis equipment makes it possible to measure the hydrocarbon gases at the level of 10 -3-10 -2 μL- By applying this technique the carbon isotopes of C1-C3 of the adsorbed gas from the Triassic oil sand bed of the Aican-l Well in the Turpan-Hami basin were analysed. The δ13C values of C1-C3, are -55.1‰, -38.6‰ and -35.0‰ respectively. In terms of geochemical characteristics of natural gases and crude oils, in combination with basinal geological backgrounds, it is considered that the reservoir adsorbed gas was formed by crude-oil biodegradation, absorbed by reservoir rocks and its oil-gas source is related with the Permain (perhaps including the Carboniferous). The adsorbed gas is obviously different from the Jurassic coal-generated oil and gas.     

Discovery of seep carbonate nodules as new evidence for gas venting on the northern continental slope of South China Sea

The geotectonic evolution of the northern South China Sea (SCS) is controlled by the Eurasian, the Pa-cific and the Indian-Australian Plates. With regard to its tectonic evolution, the northern margin composed of faulted terraces and basins and deposited …     

Oil cracking： An important way for highly efficient generation of gas from marine source rock kitchen

The potentials of gas generation by kerogen in the late period and by crude oil cracking are closely related to the origin of natural gas in the high- to over mature marine area and their exploration perspectives. The carbon structure of kerogens, with different types and at different evolution stages, have been experimentally studied using the high magnetic field solid ^13C nuclear magnetic resonance technique in order to determine the oil and gas potential of kerogens. Results show that the contents of gas potential carbon（GPC） of types Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ kerogens at the high- to over mature stage are very low, indicating their weak gas-generating capacity and limited gas production; however, the content of oil potential carbon（OPC） of the low mature type Ⅰ kerogen is much higher, implying that a large amount of crude oil generated during the oil-generating period will be the material for later gas generation by oil cracking. The kinetic experiment of gas generation by crude oil cracking shows that, when the temperature is about 160℃（R0=1.6%）, the crude oil will start to produce large amounts of gas; the temperature range for major gas generation of crude oil is higher than that of the kerogens, and the gas production is 2 to 4 times higher than that of kerogens. The natural gas derived from oil cracking （called oil-cracked gas） is much abundant in methyl hexamethylene, which is quite different from the natural gas produced by thermal degradation of kerogens （named kerogen degradation gas） at high- to over mature stage.     

The consideration and choice on exploiting energy source

A problem of petroleum energy crisis will probably be faced in the late 21st century. It is impossible to discover the giant oil fields again based on the traditional knowledge and theory of petroleum geology. From the global development point of view as well as the situation in China, the five choices of energy source in the future are to (i) extend the field of exploration in conventional petroleum and natural gas source, and exploit oil-gas source in ocean and some basins of northwestern China; (ii) discover unconventional oil and natural gas source: abiogenic gas, deep oil and gas, gas hydrates, coal bed gas and so on; (iii) develop techniques of cleansing, gasifying and liquefying coal for highly effective utilization, and transform coal into electricity and at the same time pay attention to the environment protection and pollution control as well; (iv) carry out researches on the theory and technology of producing and storing hydrogen in order to seek for its effective and economical utilization; (v) pay attention to and carry out the research in advance on exploiting the source of³He isotope on the moon and using the D-³He controlled nuclear fusion as fuel.     

四川盆地页岩气藏和连续型-非连续型气藏基本特征

四川盆地是一个多旋回叠合盆地,发育了两套海相优质烃源岩(下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩,下志留统龙马溪组页岩),其有机质成熟度高(R_o=1.5%～6%),绝大多数地区普遍不利于页岩气藏的形成;另发育两套海陆过渡相(上二叠统龙潭组和上三叠统须家河组)优质烃源岩,其成熟度相对较低(R_o=0.7%～3%),在川西南-川南地区具有较有利的页岩气勘探前景.四川盆地页岩烃源岩排烃效率高, 为大规模油气藏提供了烃源;多存在晚期快速隆升调整过程, 为吸附气的解吸创造了条件.页岩气藏经历了早期地质条件优越、生物气高效成藏,中期深埋地腹、原油裂解气快速成藏,晚期快速隆升、脱溶气和解吸气调整成藏等过程.四川叠合盆地油气藏具有多样性特征, 发育了从非连续型到连续型完整序列的油气藏类型.典型的非连续型气藏主要是指构造圈闭(以及部分构造-岩性圈闭)气藏,其圈闭相对独立,非连续分布, 储集空间类型以孔隙型为主.震旦系威远气田、川东石炭系气田群及川东北下三叠统飞仙关组气藏群等具有相对典型的非连续型气藏特征.非连续型-连续型过渡气藏介于连续型气藏与非连续型气藏之间,呈分散状或连续状分布, 圈闭类型多以复合圈闭为主,可发育有裂缝圈闭(川东南二叠系阳新统气藏)及岩性圈闭(上三叠统须家河组气藏).储集空间以裂缝型或次生溶孔为主,非均质性强,普遍存在异常高压.四川盆地连续型气藏应以页岩气藏为主, 但现今未有成功勘探开发页岩气藏的实例.四川叠合盆地具有多旋回构造-沉积演化、优质烃源岩分布的区域性、储层的非均质性和天然气的活动性,及油气成藏经历了生物气、吸附气、裂解气、脱溶气和解吸气演替等多样性特征.因此,四川盆地的油气勘探和研究应形成常规与非常规、连续型与非连续型、原生与次生油气藏的立体勘探和研究局面, 尤其应加强非连续型-连续型过渡油气藏特征、形成机理和分布规律的研究.     

旅大6-2油田断裂特征及其对油气富集的控制作用

旅大6-2油田油气平面分布区域和垂向分布层位差异明显, 平面上,油气富集程度南区大于北区;垂向上,东二下段大于馆陶组和东三段。研究区勘探实践证实断裂不仅严格控制着油气组合的空间展布和圈闭形成,而且对油气聚集活动以及油藏的形成分布有着重要影响。为此,从断裂特征入手对旅大6-2油田油气差异富集规律进行研究,主要分析了油源断裂密度、断层活动速率和边界断裂产状三个主控因素,研究结果表明：油源断裂分布特征和晚期活动断裂的分布位置控制了平面上南北区油气差异富集;陡坡带边界断裂的坡坪式形态决定了不同层位有效圈闭的大小;边界断裂的坡坪式形态和断层活动速率最终控制了垂向上不同层位油气富集程度。     

Geochemical characteristics and formation process of natural gas in Kela 2 gas field

 On the basis of a large amount of natural gascomponents and the carbon isotope as well as some otheranalysis data in Kela 2 gas field, the geochemical character-istics, source, origin, and formation process of natural gashave been discussed. The components of gas in the field tendto be "dry", and the drying coefficient is close to 1.0. Thecarbon isotope tends to be heavier, for instance, the averageof δ¹³C₁ is -27.36‰ and that ofδ¹³C₂ is -18.5‰. Compre-hensive analysis shows that humic natural gas in the Kuqapetroleum system comes mainly from Triassic and Jurassicsource rocks, and the contribution of Jurassic source rocks tothe pool maybe is more than that of Triassic rocks. The maincause that the gas tends to be dry and bears heavier isotopecomposition lies in the fact that Kela 2 natural gas is the ac-cumulation of late production of humic source rocks, and itis affected by the abnormal high pressure as well. Consider-ing the hydrocarbon generating and structural history, wecan regard the gas pool formation processes as twice fillingand twice adjusting (destroying), that is, the filling anddestroying process in the early Himalayan movement and thefilling and adjusting in the late Himalayan movement.     

砂岩潜山煤成气成藏模式探讨——以孤北石炭—二叠系潜山天然气藏为例

以济阳坳陷孤北石炭—二叠系潜山煤成气藏为例,通过对砂岩潜山储油气空间及煤成气富集规律的研究,认为石炭—二叠系砂岩储层在多期复杂的构造演化背景下,发育压实成岩相、胶结交代成岩相和溶解溶蚀成岩相3种成岩相带.构造和成岩相带演化共同控制了煤成气的富集成藏.提出了构造-成岩相带天然气成藏模式.     

Migration and accumulation of natural gas in Kela-2 gas field

With the guidance of petroleum system theory, the dynamic filling history of natural gas in the Kela-2 gas field is analyzed by using a large suite of oil and gas geo- chemistry evidence in combination with the tectonic evolu- tion history and reservoir evolution history. It concludes that the Kela-2 gas field was formed by capturing the gas gener- ated during the main gas generation period, while the late kerogen cracking gas contributed a little to the gas field. It suggests that the gas generated during the main gas genera- tion accumulated in the early-formed wide-gentle anticline, which is the necessary condition for natural gas to re-migrate and enrich late to form the large-scale gas reservoir. The newest research shows that the filling history of gas in the Dabei-1, Yinan-2, Tuziluoke and Dina-2 gas fields was re- lated with the natural gas accumulation in the early wide- gentle anticline as well as late re-migration and enrichment of natural gas.     

沉积盆地岩性地层圈闭成藏主控因素分析

随着世界油气勘探技术的发展和理论研究的不断深入,在新发现的油气藏中岩性地层油气藏无论是产量还是储量上都占有重要地位.因此,对这类油藏的理论研究一直是国内外石油地质学家研究的重要内容.本文认为岩性地层圈闭与构造圈闭在成藏条件和成藏机制方面存在一定差别,岩性地层圈闭的形成条件复杂,决定了其成藏主控因素具有自身的特点.提出了岩性地层圈闭成藏“四元主控”观点:即运移通道条件、流体动力条件、储层临界物性特征和砂体封闭条件.这4项主控因素控制和决定了岩性地层油气藏的形成.     

Geological constraints of giant and medium-sized gas fields in Kuqa Depression

There is a gas-rich and well-charged petroleumsystem in the Kuqa Depression where Triassic and Jurassicsource rocks play important roles. Distributed in an area ofmore than 10000 km and with a thickness of up to 1000 m,they are composed of dark mudstones, carbonaceous mud-stones and coal seams containing 6%, 40% and 90% of TOC,respectively, and are mainly the humic organic matter. Ashigh-quality regional cap rocks, the Neogene and Eogenegypsum rocks and gypseous mudstones matched well withthe underlying Neogene and Cretaceous-Eogene sandstones.They have formed the most favorable reservoir-seal assem-blages in the Kuqa Depression. Also the Jurassic sandstonesand mudstones formed another favorable reservoir-seal as-semblage. The traps are shaped late in the fold-thrust belt,mainly fixed in the Tertiary-Quaternary, where ten structurestyles have been distinguished. These traps spread as a zonein N-S, are scattered like a segmental line in W-E and showtier-styled vertically. The best traps are gypsum-salt coveredfault-bend anticlines related to the passive roof duplex. Thispetroleum system is characterized by late accumulation. Inthe early Himalayan Movement, mainly gas condensate andoil accumulated and were distributed in the outer circularregion of the kitchen; whereas in the middle and late Hima-layan the gas accumulations mainly formed and were dis-tributed in the inner circular region near the kitchen. Theoverpressure of gas pools is common and is formed by sealcapacity of thick gypsum layers, extensive tectonic compres-sion and large uplift. The well-preserved anticline traps un-derlying the high-quality regional cap rocks of the Tertiarygypsum rocks and gypseous mudstones are the main targetsfor the discovery of giant and medium-sized gas fields. Aboveconclusions are important for the petroleum geology theoryand the exploration of the fold-thrust belt in foreland basinsin central and western China.     

川西坳陷中段须家河组天然气地球化学特征与气源追踪

川西坳陷中段上三叠统须家河组天然气组成、碳同位素、天然气轻烃的地球化学特征及气源追踪研究表明:须家河组天然气不含H2S,属于典型的煤成气.其中川西坳陷整体表现为须二天然气以自生自储为主,不排除下部小塘子组和马鞍塘组源岩对其有一定贡献.须四上亚段天然气也以自生自储为主,在有断达深部的断裂发育地区可能有下部(如须二)天然气窜层运移至该层,须四下亚段天然气主要来自须三段.须五段天然气则主要为自生自储为主.     

东营凹陷北部深洼带天然气成因类型的鉴别分析

东营凹陷北部深洼带发现了一系列高产天然气流,成为富油凹陷油气勘探的重要突破,它们是源岩热解气还是原油裂解气,成为勘探家争论的问题。通过民丰地区发现的天然气地质和地球化学分析,特别是烃源岩和原油生气的模拟实验,发现两种成因天然气的鉴别标志,源岩热解气,ln(CC5/nC6)<-1、(MCC5+CC6)/nC6<0.8、(CC5+MCC5+CC6)/(nC5+nC6)<0.5、DMCC5/CC5>0.6和甲苯/苯>1.1,而原油裂解气与之相反;民丰天然气主要来自沙四段烃源岩热解气,其次来自原油裂解气。     

Natural gas geochemistry of low evolutionary stage of medium- and small-sized basins in Yunnan Province, southwestern China

The biogenic gas and premature-low mature associated gases in some medium and small-sized basins of Yannan Province, such as Luliang, Yanglin, Baoshan and Jinggu basins, have beed researched. The results show that the biogenic-gas consists mainly of methane which is more than 99% in gasous hydrocarbons and of lighter carbon isotopic composition with δ13C1 values from -60.0‰ to - 75.4‰. The methane carbon isotopic compositions in the Baoshan Basin is relatively heavy (δ13C1 - 60‰- - 65‰), but those in Luliang and Yanglin basins are lighter (δ13C1, less than -70‰), which implies that the gas field of the Baoshan Basin formed earlier than the others. In the Jinggu Basin, where crude oil is premature-lower mature, the natural gas of associated oil relatively wet and the relative content of methane about 58%-95% in gasous hydrocarbons. Constituently the gas composition is much similar to associated one, but the methane carbon isotopic compositions from - 53.8‰ to - 57.8‰ are obviously richer in 12C than those of general oil fields and similarly characterize the biothermo-catalytic transitional zone gas. Their ethane carbon isotopic compositions from - 34.6‰ to -29.0‰ show that they may be derived from type Ⅰ or Ⅱ source rock. But for the associated gas from lower evolutionary stage, the heavier ethane carbon isotopic composition as well as the reversed order among the carbon isotopic composition of ethane, propylane and butane also implies that some gases from the type Ⅲ organic matter are mixed. The δ13CCo2 of the samples essentially less than - 10‰ may be generated from organic matter.     

层间非均质性致密气藏多层合采产量变化规律研究

随着优质天然气资源的开发,我国未来天然气产量的增长点将主要依赖致密气藏的开发。靖边气田作为一个典型的低孔、低渗、低丰度致密岩性构造气藏,层间非均质性强,难动用地质储量所占比例大。目前气田低产低效井数增多、稳产能力弱,层间储量动用程度差异大,整个区块开发效率低。在分析靖边气田层间非均质性及气藏产状的基础上,进一步建立了不考虑层间窜流和考虑层间窜流的多层致密气藏渗流模型,对比分析了两种模式下分层产量变化规律。研究了地层系数、储容系数及层间半透壁率对产气量的影响。研究结果可为整个气田经济、高效、合理开发提供理论依据;并对同类气田的增产研究具有一定指导意义。