鄂尔多斯盆地东部马家沟组岩盐元素地球化学特征及成因分析

 为了明确鄂尔多斯盆地东部马家沟组岩盐的地球化学特征和成因,本文通过对碳酸盐岩C、O、Sr同位素及微量元素进行分析和研究,发现研究区内δ13C介于-0.346%~0.108%之间,Sr同位素比值明显较低,Sr/Ba比值均大于1。稀土元素总体上呈现轻稀土元素相对富集,重稀土元素相对亏损的特征。单元素Ce具有微弱的正异常,Eu具有明显的负异常,Sr/Cu比值均大于10,V/(V+Ni)值总体介于0.7~0.8之间。认为该区在马四、马五段沉积期气候干旱炎热,水体较深,处于还原环境,为典型的海相沉积环境,且岩盐在沉积的过程中有可能受到了幔源物质的影响。     

念青唐古拉弧背断隆东段古近纪大规模火山作用及找矿意义

探讨念青唐古拉弧背断隆东段古近纪火山岩的地质地球化学特征、成因机制、动力学背景以及找矿意义.通过对火山岩进行岩石学特征研究及全岩地球化学分析,结果表明该套火山岩相对富集不相容元素K、Rb、Th、Ce,而Sr、Ba、Ta、Nb、Ti呈现低谷,LREE富集且分馏明显,而HREE相对亏损且分馏不明显,稀土配分模式图呈以Eu为...     

黄县盆地古近系煤中元素地球化学特征及其沉积环境指示意义

应用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)方法研究了黄县盆地古近系煤中的常量元素、微量元素及稀土元素的地球化学特征,并根据敏感元素的指示意义探讨了研究区的沉积环境。研究结果表明:黄县盆地古近系煤中常量元素氧化物以SiO_2和Al_2O_3为主;与地壳相比,微量元素富集Mo、Sb、Pb、Bi,其中Mo的富集系数达7. 99。稀土元素含量整体较低,分布在14. 79～222. 78μg/g,平均65. 02μg/g,低于中国煤,接近世界煤。稀土元素分布模式中所有样品十分相似,均呈左高右低的宽缓"V"形曲线,具有明显的LREE富集、HREE亏损的特征,Eu存在明显负异常,表明各煤层稀土元素与陆源碎屑岩关系密切,且成煤期间稀土元素来源一致,陆源物质的供应相对稳定。黄县盆地煤中稀土元素主要以无机相赋存在煤中的黏土矿物中。灰成分指数(Fe_2O_3+CaO+MgO)/(SiO_2+Al_2O_3)、Mg/Ca、δCe/δEu、Sr/Ba以及V/(V+Ni)反映了黄县盆地古近系煤层的沉积环境为还原条件下的陆相淡水环境,且气候湿润,期间间歇受到过海水的影响。     

西秦岭TTG质脉岩地球化学特征及其与金矿化的关系

选取西秦岭夏河-合作断裂以南广泛发育的中酸性脉岩进行岩石学、岩石地球化学分析研究:研究区脉岩具有低硅低镁(SiO_2占55.14%～68.42%,平均64.13%;MgO占0.101%～1.02%,平均0.633%);高钠低钾(Na_2O/K_2O=0.63～2.920.5);高铝高钛(Al_2O_3含量大于15%;TiO_2占0.462%～0.806%,平均0.566%)特征。轻稀土元素(LREE)富集(LREE为195.89×10~(-6)～223.95×10~(-6),平均215.85×10~(-6)),重稀土元素(HREE)严重亏损(HREE为10.45×10~(-6)～14.56×10~(-6),平均11.86×10~(-6)),轻重稀土元素分馏明显,具弱的负铕异常(δ_(Eu))(δ_(Eu)=0.61～0.97,平均0.75);微量元素组成与埃达克岩类似,高Sr、低Y,高场强元素Th、U、Zr、Hf正异常,大离子亲石元素K、Ba、Sr负异常。脉岩具有奥长花岗岩-英云闪长岩-花岗闪长岩(TTG)岩套的性质,脉岩产生于晚三叠世洋壳俯冲消减活动大陆边缘弧环境。脉岩与金矿化是同一构造-岩浆旋回内区域壳幔相互作用的系列产物,金成矿与脉岩不仅在时空上密切伴生,而且物质成分上具有相同的来源和继承演化的成因联系。     

江西会昌盆地埃达克质粗面岩年代学、地球化学与成因研究

江西是华南白垩纪红色碎屑沉积岩系最发育的地区之一,且常夹有火山岩层。会昌岽背村一带红色沉积岩系底部的火山岩具有较高Si O2和Al2O3,较低的Mg O,Si O2=59.0%~64.6%(平均61.9%),Al2O3=15.5%~18.9(平均17.7%),Mg O=0.28%~0.92%(平均0.55%);富碱和钠,(Na2O+K2O)=7.19%~10.1%(平均9.70%),Na2O=6.50%~7.70%(平均7.03%),在Si O2-(Na2O+K2O)图解上落入碱性系列粗面岩或粗面英安岩范围;CIPW计算结果显示,标准矿物Ab=57.2%~65.7(平均60.5%),Q=6.07%~14.7%(平均9.95%),小于20%,属粗面岩。稀土总量较低,轻稀土明显富集,重稀土强烈亏损,Eu负异常不明显,∑REE=114×10-6~168×10-6,∑LREE=101×10-6~148×10-6,∑HREE=14.9×10-6~19.6×10-6,∑LREE/∑HREE=6.54~7.52,(La/Yb)N=24.9~34.2(平均27.4),δEu=0.81~1.10(平均0.98%),在稀土曲线图上呈明显的右倾,具高压型粗面岩的特征。较低的Y和Yb含量,较高的Sr含量和Sr/Y比值,Y=8.99×10-6~11.7×10-6(平均10.8×10-6),Yb=0.55×10-6~0.82×10-6(平均0.7×10-6),Sr=329×10-6~836×10-6(平均498×10-6),Sr/Y=36.5~71.8(平均48.2),具有埃达克岩的特征;在不相容元素蛛网图上显示富集大离子亲石元素(Cs,Rb,Ba,K等元素),强烈亏损高场强元素(Ta、Nd),具壳源的特征。较低的(87Sr/86Sr)i值、较高的εNd(t)和较小的TDM2值,(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.7074~0.7082(平均0.7077),εNd(t)=-1.99~-2.60(平均-2.29),TDM2=1 071 Ma~1 120 Ma(平均1094 Ma),具年轻下地壳部分熔融产物的特征。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,14个分析点的206Pb/238U年龄变化范围为(114~108)Ma,加权平均年龄为(110.7±1.0)Ma,MSWD=0.47,指示地质时代属早白垩世晚期。上述特征显示,会昌岽背村一带红色沉积岩系底部的火山岩为早白垩世晚期加厚地壳背景下年轻下地壳部分熔融形成的埃达克质粗面岩。     

浙西上方镇地区花岗斑岩岩石、地球化学特征

上方镇地区的岩浆岩主要为花岗斑岩,但缺乏对其的研究,因此本文系统研究了其岩石学、地球化学特征等。结果显示花岗斑岩主要由石英、斜长石等矿物组成,含少量其他矿物;微量元素Rb、Th、U等表现富集,Sr、Ti等元素表现亏损,且Sr含量较低;稀土总量(ΣREE)较高,为217.54×10~(-6)～2596.74×10~(-6),轻重稀土比(LREE/HREE)为3.09～4.66,表现为轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损;δEu值为0.08～0.15,δEu亏损明显,δCe几乎无异常;花岗斑岩属于低Sr高Y型花岗岩,并可能有分离结晶作用的发生,且形成过程中岩浆演化相对较强,成岩物质应主要来源于地壳。     

柴西北缘鄂博梁地区下干柴沟组泥岩地球化学特征及古环境

以柴达木盆地西北缘鄂博梁地区为例,通过痕量元素及稀土元素分析测试,结合沉积综合柱状图,探讨古近系下干柴沟组的古盐度、古气候和古氧化-还原条件等变化特征。样品具有明显的Eu负异常及轻微的Ce负异常,氧化-还原指标Ni/Co、V/Cr、U/Th一致指示氧化条件,古气候指标Sr/Cu值与Sr、Rb/Sr值指示的气候温湿变化趋势一致,古气候条件与Sr/Ba、Th/U判断出的古盐度变化相符合。古近纪青藏高原隆升高度较低且范围有限,鄂博梁地区下干柴沟组沉积期处在温暖湿润的淡水环境。     

藏南雪莎地区辉绿岩脉的锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素

探讨特提斯喜马拉雅在早白垩世的地质构造演化历史。通过对西藏南部雪莎地区辉绿岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学以及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素的研究,获得成岩年龄为124.5±2.6 Ma,全岩主元素及痕量元素地球化学特征显示:它们属于低钾(拉斑)系列,SiO_2质量分数为45.55%～46.67%,具有高TFeO(平均质量分数为9.62%)、高钛(TiO_2平均质量分数为1.73%)、高磷(P_2O_5平均质量分数为0.19%)等特点;轻、重稀土元素分馏较为明显(LREE/HREE=3.54～3.67,(La/Yb)_N比值平均为3.06),具有较弱的Eu正异常(δEu=1.02～1.19),富集大离子亲石元素(LILE,如Ba、Sr、Th)和高场强元素(HFSF,如Zr、Hf),呈现典型的洋岛玄武岩(OIB)地球化学特征;Sr、Nd、Pb同位素[(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_t=0.705 17～0.706 14、(~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd)_t=0.512 748～0.512 809、ε_(Nd)(t)=5.27～6.46、(~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb)_t=15.564～15.587以及(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb)_t=18.285～18.490]显示出亏损地幔特征。结合区域地质资料,认为雪莎地区辉绿岩形成于被动大陆边缘构造环境,具有OIB型地球化学特征,可能与澳大利亚Kerguelen地幔热柱有关,属于Comei-Bunbury大火成岩省的一部分。     

龙门山地区凉水洞剖面中泥盆统观雾山组白云岩成因

以野外剖面实测与岩石学特征分析为基础,结合主元素、痕量元素、稀土元素和碳氧同位素等地球化学测试结果,对四川盆地龙门山地区中泥盆统观雾山组白云岩类型及其成因进行系统分析。该区主要发育残余结构白云岩和晶粒白云岩;晶粒白云岩进一步分为粉—细晶白云岩、中晶白云岩和粗晶白云岩,其形成受控于埋藏过程。残余结构白云岩和粉—细晶白云岩,由他形-半自形白云石晶体组成,具有较低的U/Th值和V/(V+Ni)值,Fe和Mn含量较高,Sr和Na含量较低,δLa正异常,δCe负异常,δEu无明显异常,δ~(13)C值变化不大,包裹体均一温度较低,δ~(18)O值明显偏负,形成于弱还原性浅埋藏环境下早成岩阶段A期;中-粗晶白云岩由他形白云石晶粒组成,具有较高的U/Th值和V/(V+Ni)值,Fe和Mn含量比细晶白云岩要高,Sr和Na含量也较高,δLa正异常,δCe负异常,δEu无明显异常,包裹体均一温度较高,δ~(13)C值变化不大,δ~(18)O值明显偏负,形成于还原性较强的深埋藏高温环境,应为晚成岩阶段A期成岩阶段。     

松辽盆地讷河地区青山口组及姚家组岩石地球化学特征

松辽盆地讷河地区讷青山口组上部及姚家组主要呈现氧化还原过渡环境,青山口组的中砂岩、细砂岩夹泥岩及姚家组三角洲相的砂泥互层为成矿有利相带,为讷河地区成矿潜力层。岩石地球化学特征显示讷河地区砂岩主要富集微量元素有Pb、Hf、Ba、Zr、Ga等,亏损Cs、V、Cu、Ni、Sr、Zn、Co、Cr等元素;LREE/HREE比值在8.07-12.64说明轻重稀土元素之间存在分异作用,δEu为弱正Eu异常、δCe异常不明显,以上表明成岩时环境较稳定,受后期改造作用较少。通过与鄂尔多斯东北部含矿砂岩的微量元素进行对比得出讷河地区青山口组及姚家组砂岩具有有利于成矿的地球化学特征。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the