山地城市道路长上坡路段交通噪声分布特性实测研究

为了得到山地城市道路长上坡路段汽车行驶噪声的幅值水平和影响因素,在重庆市主城的长大上坡路段上采集了汽车行驶噪声值,分析了车型、横向间距(距路缘线之间的距离)、坡长、驾驶行为等因素对噪声的影响。结果表明:夜间的交通噪声水平与日间相比并没有出现大幅度的衰减;汽车行驶噪声随着传播距离的增加而逐渐衰减,每增加5 m,噪声均值要衰减约3 d B左右,距离路侧5 m时,噪声值会降到重度污染的阈值以下;距路侧10 m时则会进一步降到中度污染水平以下;小轿车噪声均值要比公交车低10 d B;驾驶员有冲坡习惯时坡底第二个测试断面的噪声值会显著增加,驾驶员在到达坡顶之前也会再次加速冲坡,导致坡顶的噪声值显著增加;在大型车数量相当的情况下,路段的坡度值越高,噪声值越大。     

文昌街西段打通工程环境影响分析

介绍了文昌街西段打通工程概况,在工程环境影响分析中以环境敏感点东北林业大学为例,阐述工程与环境敏感点东北林业大学的关系,及工程建设对环境敏感点东北林业大学的影响.工程穿过东北林业大学校区,使校园景观破碎化,并对校园正常的物流、能流、信息流产生屏蔽、过滤和阻隔的作用.导致校园布局完整性受损,景观协调性、综合性、科学性和美感降低,使得自然度(I)、鲜明度(V)、协调性(U)景观要素和整体景观质量明显下降.其次分别从大气环境、声环境、振动、校园布局完整性、景观协调性、林业示范基地、环境风险评价和公众参与等八个方面分析了工程对环境敏感点东北林业大学的影响,分别从施工期和运营期两个时期进行详细阐述,最后提出可行的对策和建议.     

延安大学校园环境噪声测量与评价

对延安大学校园不同功能区和周边市政道路交通噪声进行了为期9d的实地监测,将所获得的监测数据与相关评价标准进行了对比分析。结果表明:延安大学校园环境均不同程度的受到噪声污染。其中男生公寓区噪声污染最为严重,夜间超出国家标准值17.2dB,超标率竟达38%,昼间超出国家标准值11.3dB,昼间超标率达21%。周边市政道路交通噪声和商业区噪声是校园的主要噪声源。并提出了校园环境噪声污染的防治对策。     

勐海县城声环境功能区噪声污染状况调查

以西双版纳州勐海县作为研究对象,对1,2,3,4类声环境功能区进行布点监测研究,共布设7个功能区监测点位,对噪声现状连续24 h进行监测,共监测2个季度.与此同时,分别在功能区监测点位的东、南、西、北4个方位,距监测点位中心20,40,60,80,100 m处布设点位进行断面监测.用Excel和SPSS统计分析软件对监测数据进行分析,结果表明:噪声污染较为严重的功能区主要发生在1类声环境功能区.从功能区类别来看,噪声达标率3,4类>2类>1类.从监测时间来看,昼间噪声达标率优于夜间.从监测点位来看,噪声超标区域发生在村庄、文教办公区及集贸市场.借助Arcgis软件在用断面监测数据绘制噪声地图的基础上对声污染源进行分析,认为勐海县县城的噪声污染源主要来自交通噪声和生活噪声.     

地下水封储油洞库各向异性渗流特征的数值模拟

以某地下水封储油洞库为工程背景,采用FLAC3D数值模拟软件分析了施工期与运营期地下水渗流场的分布规律,并比较了裂隙岩体渗流各向同性与各向异性两种工况下孔隙水压力分布的差异,最后计算了围岩渗水量.结果表明,人工水幕系统对于保证洞库水封起到至关重要的作用;采用裂隙岩体渗流各向同性评估洞库间岩柱的稳定性更为安全;利用数值模拟方法计算得到施工期及运营期单洞库渗流量分别为1 130 m3/d和775 m3/d.     

高速公路对环境的影响及保护策略——以巫山至奉节高速公路施工期建设为例

以杭州至兰州线重庆巫山至奉节段高速公路为例,从占地、水土保持、噪声、废气、废水和生态方面分析了高速公路施工期建设对环境的影响,针对各种影响因素,提出了相关保护策略.(1)协调好高速公路规划与环境生态关系;(2)调好公路设计与协环境设计关系;(3)合理安排施工时间.     

高速公路声屏障优化设计的模拟计算研究

选取一种声屏障作为研究对象,根据拟建高速公路周边噪声敏感点的分布特点,构建现实的模拟场景,利用Cadna/A噪声模拟软件建立声屏障降噪预测模型,对该声屏障设置参数进行了优化研究.研究结果发现:在现实的模拟场景中,当右侧声屏障长440m高3.6m,左侧声屏障长400m高4.4m时,该声屏障不仅使所有敏感点达标,且实现了建设成本的最小化.     

地铁建设对宜居城市环境景观的影响分析——以长沙市为例

地铁建设对宜居城市交通状况的改善,立体化交通网络的建设具有重要作用,并能充分利用地下城市空间,优化城市环境,推动城市社会经济发展.但地铁在施工期和运营期对城市环境景观都会产生不同程度的正负面影响.该文以宜居城市之一的长沙市为例,分析了该市地铁1、2号线一期工程建设期中对大气、噪音、水污染、道路以及交通等方面的影响,以此为长沙宜居城市的建设提供参考.     

山西农业大学信息学院校园声环境测量与评价

随着我国教育事业的蓬勃发展,高校校园声环境形式也日渐严峻.本文针对山西农业大学信息学院校园声环境现状,采用问卷调查和常规监测两种方法进行研究,同时运用等效连续声级法和指数法两种评价方法对山西农业大学校园声环境现状进行评价,将得到的数据进行比较分析提出了有效、切实可行的校园噪声防治对策.结果显示:山西农业大学信息学院声环境整体较好,基本满足正常的教学、科研需要;但昼间校园声环境质量较夜间差;主要噪声污染源为校园广播、学生(商业)活动、交通噪声(The traffic noise).山西农业大学信息学院应主要从制定相关规章制度,严格学生管理,合理安排校园广播时间,适当改变校园广播设置位置,加强校园管理着手,改善校园声环境现状.     

某工业园区大气 VOCs 污染特征及健康风险评价

目的 针对工业园区可挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放量大而造成大气环境污染和人体健康损害现象。 以长江上 游典型工业园区为研究区域,探究典型工业园区 VOCs 污染特征及对人体健康风险的影响。 方法 采用苏玛罐在园 区企业厂界点、环境敏感点和城区点开展 VOCs 连续监测,样品经过分析处理后得到 108 种 VOCs 物质,分析大气 VOCs 变化特征,确定臭氧(O3 ) 生成和二次有机气溶胶贡献的优势物种,利用危害熵值( HQ) 和终生致癌风险 (Risk)评价 VOCs 的非致癌和致癌风险。 结果 企业厂界点、环境敏感点和城区点总挥发性有机物(TVOCs)质量浓 度均值分别为 843. 57 μg / m 3 、321. 71 μg / m 3 和 149. 50 μg / m 3 ,3 个点位都表现出夜间 TVOCs 均值浓度高于昼间的 特点;企业厂界点、环境敏感点和城区点臭氧生成潜势(OFP)值分别为 4 507. 25 μg / m 3 、1 271. 25 μg / m 3 和 321. 87 μg / m 3 ,甲基丙烯酸甲酯是企业厂界点 OFP 值贡献最大的物种,3 个点 SOAP 的值分别为 710. 61 μg / m 3 、545. 98 μg / m 3 和 209. 83 μg / m 3 ,芳香烃是 3 个站点二次有机气溶胶生成潜势(SOAP)贡献最大的组分,SOAP 平均贡献率 达到 88. 95%。 企业厂界点、环境敏感点和城区点的危害指数(HI)指数分别为 0. 31、0. 19 和 0. 08,3 个点位均不存 在非致癌风险;致癌风险评价中,苯、乙苯和二氯甲烷在 3 个点位的 Risk 值均高于 EPA 可接受水平 1×10 -6 。 结论 综 上,园区企业厂界点的污染水平高于环境敏感点和城区点,高于调研的其他工业园区;芳香烃类是各点位二次转化 能力最高的组分,贡献最高的物种是甲苯;3 个点位对暴露人群存在潜在致癌风险,各区域应将甲苯、苯、乙苯和二 氯甲烷作为优先管控物质。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to