Dynamical resonance in F＋H2 chemical reaction and rotational excitation effect

Reaction resonance is a frontier topic in chemical dynamics research,and it is also essential to the understanding of mechanisms of elementary chemical reactions.This short article describes an im- portant development in the frontier of research.Experimental evidence of reaction resonance has been detected in a full quantum state resolved reactive scattering study of the F H2 reaction.Highly accurate full quantum scattering theoretical modeling shows that the reaction resonance is caused by two Feshbach resonance states.Further studies show that quantum interference is present between the two resonance states for the forward scattering product.This study is a significant step forward in our understanding of chemical reaction resonance in the benchmark F H2 system.Further experimental studies on the effect of H2 rotational excitation on dynamical resonance have been carried out.Dy- namical resonance in the F H2(j=1)reaction has also been observed.     

On-line Tool Wear Classification in Unmanned-machining Environments

One of the most important features of the modern ma ch ining system in an “unmanned“ factory is to change tools that have been subjec ted to wear and damage. An integrated tool condition monitoring system composed of multi-sensors, signal processing devices and intelligent decision making pla ns is a necessary requirement for automatic manufacturing processes. An intellig ent tool wear monitoring system will be introduced in this paper. The system is equipped with power consumption, vibration, AE and cutt...     

Metallographic structure,mechanical properties,and process parameter optimization of 5A06 joints formed by ultrasonic-assisted refill friction stir spot welding

Novel hybrid refill friction stir spot welding (RFSSW) assisted with ultrasonic oscillation was introduced to 5A06 aluminum alloy joints. The metallographic structure and mechanical properties of 5A06 aluminum alloy RFSSW joints formed without ultrasonic assistance and with lateral and longitudinal ultrasonic assistance were compared, and the ultrasonic-assisted RFSSW process parameters were optimized. The results show that compared with lateral ultrasonic oscillation, longitudinal ultrasonic oscillation strengthens the horizontal bonding ligament in the joint and has a stronger effect on the joint's shear strength. By contrast, lateral ultrasonic oscillation strengthens the vertical bonding ligament and is more effective in increasing the joint's tensile strength. The maximum shear strength of ultrasonic-assisted RFSSW 5A06 aluminum alloy joints is as high as 8761 N, and the maximum tensile strength is 3679 N when the joints are formed at a tool rotating speed of 2000 r/min, a welding time of 3.5 s, a penetration depth of 0.2 mm, and an axial pressure of 11 kN.     

Development of microwave-induced thermo-acoustic tomography prototype system

Due to its advantages in both contrast and resolution compared with conventional microwave or ultrasound imaging system, microwave-induced thermo-acoustic tomography （MITAT） has received more and more concerns in biologic tissue image field. In this paper, an integrated prototype of MITAT system is presented. Using this system, some basic experiments for biologic tissue objects with high water-content imbedded in fatty material have been done. In the MITAT experiments, the signals generated by two porcine muscle tissue strips with millimeter order scale in cross-section were collected. Images with both good contrast and resolution were obtained. In order to demonstrate the advantages of MITAT, some ultrasonic experiments were studied using a commercial ultrasonic linear array system. The comparisons of the results of both systems show the good performance of the MITAT prototype system for the detection of high water content targets, which is generally the same as the tumor in biologic tissue.     

Inspection of pipeline girth welds with ultrasonic phased array technique

A novel automatic ultrasonic system used for the inspection of pipeline girth welds is developed, in which a linear phased array transducer using electronic scan is adopted. Optimal array parameters are determined based on a mathematical model of acoustic field for linear phased army derived from Huygens＇ principle. The testing method and the system structure are introduced. The experimental results show that the phased array transducer system has the same detectability as that of conventional ultrasonic transducer system, but the system architecture can be simplified greatly, and the testing flexibility and the testing speed can be improved greatly.     

Experimental Research on Resonance Response Differences of the Rotor System with Sliding and Rolling Bearings

Most of the research work on bearing-rotor systems usually simplifies the supporting bearing as a spring or damp system, and ignores that the resonance responses involve obvious differences when the same rotor system is supported by varying types of bearings. Aiming at the resonance responses of coast down running tests of the rotor system, we employed two different bearings in experiments: One is the fluid film journal bearing, and the other is the rolling element bearing. The experimental results obtained with the above bearings are compared. The resonance test Bode plots and orbit shapes of the rotor shaft are established. Also, summarized under resonance are the dynamic characteristics and regularities of the two types of bearing-rotor systems. The natural frequency and resonance mode of the same rotor system will change thoroughly with the type of supporting bearings. The results are helpful for system modeling, security running, dynamic design, the study of dynamic characteristics, and the fault diagnose of bearing-rotor systems.     

Study on the concentrated SF6 quantitative intelligent ultrasonic detection system

<正> In order to realize on-line quantitative detection on SF_6 and effective control of running state of SF_6high voltage power supply system,a concentrated SF_6 quantitative ultrasonic on-line detection system hasbeen developed based on the actual demand of electric power system consumers.There are four majorcharacteristics in this system.Firstly,the gas of maximum 64 detection points is transferred through thespecific air path to the detection devices to be detected and analyzed,thereby the electrical lines and thecomplicated installation of the collectors can be avoided;secondly,the differential technique is used toshield the influence of environmental factors,which effectively improves the accuracy of the acoustic detection ;thirdly,the SF_6 concentration is determined by the speed and phase in the ultrasonic wave transmissionprocess,therefore there is no secondary pollution for the purely physical means;finally,the matureembedded technique is applied in this system to improve its intelligence and stability.     

Dynamic Characteristic Study of Ball Screw Feed Drive Systems Based on Multi-flexible Body Model

A new ball screw dynamic model was developed under the adequate consideration of the interaction in the screw-nut assembly （not only the mutual-coupling factors but also the self-coupling factors） . Based on this model,the multi-flexible body （MFB）dynamic model of ball screw feed drive system was then founded in order to take full account of the influencing factor of system flexibility and study the dynamic behaviors of the whole mechanical transmissions. Moreover,the MFB based state space modeling was proposed by modal state space method, which extraced the eigenmodes of more dominant modes and applied them into an MFB state space model,and realized the integrated model of servo drives and MFB mechanical transmissions more effectively and efficiently. In conclusion,the comparisons between simulations and experimental results show： the stiffness formulation of the ball screw assembly derived above is a suitable method for achieving accurate MFB models of ball screw mechanical transmission systems,this proposed MFB model is valid,and the integrated model of ball screw feed drive system is accurate and reliable. All these provide the important approaches and guidelines for dynamic characteristic study and selection of control parameters in the machine tool design period.     

Study of beat phenomenon on a pile-supported pipeline system subjected to wave loading

Classical beat phenomenon has been observed in most combined systems. The focus of this paper is to provide a better understanding of this phenomenon in an offshore pile-supported pipeline system. The beat phenomeon is caused by the coupling movement of the pipeline and its vertical pile support under certain conditions. It can induce excessive vibration and cause fatigue failure at pipe elbow. However, in some circumstances it does not exist. Numerical results in both frequency and time domains are presented to elucidate this phenomenon in a combined pipeline system. The conclusions of this paper could give constructive guidance to future design of simply supported pipeline systems.     

Design of Flexible Electronic Shogging System for High-Speed Warp-Knitting Machine

A flexible electronic shogging system was presented based on rotary type servo motor,which aimed to improve the dynamic response of the shogging drive and decrease the impact of the guide bar during the higher speed running of warp-knitting machine.In this system,the speed control mode,faster response servo motor,no-flat modified trapezoid motion law,and its electronic cam were chosen;the realization standard and method were also introduced in details.The speed response curves of loaded motor indicated that the system could satisfy the technology requirements of high-speed warpknitting machine which run at the speed of 1000 r/min in the experiments,and the vibration curves showed that the guide bar had weaker mechanical impact and higher dynamic response characteristics.The results indicated that the flexible electronic shogging system designed following the previous step was successful,and the design principle of the electronic shogging was testified validly.     

Experimental investigation of integrated air purifying technology for bioaerosol removal and inactivation in central air-conditioning system

In this research, high voltage static electricity and ultraviolet technologies were integrated to an air purifying device which can be used to trap and kill airborne bacteria and viruses in central air-conditioning systems. An experimental platform was built to mimic the central air system, in which the efficacy of the newly built device was examined. In addition to the standard physical and chemical tests, bacteriophages were used to simulate airborne viruses in the experimental system. The bacteriophage suspension was aerosolized into the air with ultrasonic wave atomization. The result showed that more than 86% removal efficiency of micro-particles (<10 micron in diameter) were removed after the device was in operation in a building and more than 95% of bacteriophages in the experimental system. It is concluded that the integrated air purifier is suitable for controlling air quality and preventing virus transmission through the central air system.     

Preparation of CoP films by ultrasonic electroless deposition at low initial temperature

Electroless deposition technology has been considered as a kind of common ways to obtain cobalt alloy films. However, in order to get cobalt alloy films, high temperature(353 K) is necessary during the electroless deposition process which will increase costs and energy consumption. Ultrasonic was introduced during electroless plating process to obtain cobalt alloy films at lower initial temperature. It was found that the cobalt thin films could be prepared at lower initial temperature(323 K) with the introduction of ultrasonic. Therefore, different powers of ultrasonic were applied during the electroless deposition process to prepare CoP thin films on copper substrates from an alkaline bath in this investigation. The effects of different powers of ultrasonic on deposition rate, surface morphology, anticorrosion performance and magnetic property of films were studied. It was found that the deposition rate increased gradually with the rise in ultrasonic powers due to cavitation phenomenon. All the CoP films presented the typical spherical nodular structures with the impact of ultrasonic. Smaller and regular shaped structures could be observed when the films were deposited with higher power of ultrasonic which contributed directly to enhancement of anticorrosion performance. Saturation magnetization and coercivity of thin films increased gradually with the rise in ultrasonic powers during the electroless deposition process due to the higher amounts of cobalt.& 2014 Chinese Materials Research Society. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.     

Wave impedance of W-Mo system composite

W-Mo composites with different mass fractions of W and Mo were prepared at 1473 K by Spark Plasma Sintering technique. The transverse and longitudinal wave velocities of the samples were accurately measured using the ultrasonic pulse echo overlap method, and the wave impedance values of the samples were then calculated. The results show that W-Mo system composites are of nearly full dense and can be regarded as a mechanical mixture system. The ideal mixture model was adopted to estimate the wave impedance of W-Mo composites. Comparisons with the experimental data demonstrate that the suggested model is sufficiently accurate to predict the wave impedance of W-Mo composites.     

Seismic hazard mitigation for nuclear power plant

The seismic safety of nuclear power plan(tNPP)has always been a major consideration in the site selection,design,operation,and more recently recertification of existing installations. In addition to the actual NPP and all their operational and safety related support systems,the storage of spent fuel in temporary or permanent storage facilities also poses a seismic risk. This seismic risk is typically assessed with state-of-the-art modeling and analytical tools that capture everything from the ground rupture or source of the earthquake to the site specific ground shaking,taking geotechnical parameters and soilfoundationstructureinteraction (SFSI) into account to the non-linear structural response of the reactor core,the containment structure,the core cooling system and the emergency cooling system(s),to support systems,piping systems and non-structural components,and finally the performance of spent fuel storage in the probabilistically determined operational basis earthquake (OBE) or the safe shutdown earthquake (SSE) scenario. The best and most meaningful validation and verification of these advanced analytical tools is in the form of full or very large scale experimental testing,designed and conducted in direct support of model and analysis tool calibration. This paper outlines the principles under which such calibration testing should be conducted and illustrates with examples the kind of testing and parameter evaluation required.     

Affected zone generated around the erosion pit on carbon steel surface at the incipient stage of vibration cavitation

The characteristics of erosion pits on a carbon steel surface were investigated at the incipient stage of cavitation erosion. After a 5-minute experiment performed in an ultrasonic vibration system, needle-like erosion pits appeared on the polished steel surface, and a specially affected zone was formed around the pit. The shape of the pit and the plastic deformation of the affected zone indicate that the me-chanical impaction on the surface is the main reason for the cavitation damage. On the other hand, the iridescent color, the decreased surface hardness and the precipitated carbides on the affected zone prove that the affected zone has experienced a tempering process with the temperature higher than 300℃. The lack of oxygen in the affected zone also proves that it is not a chemical oxygen result. A special phenomenon that a carbon ring forms in the affected zone is explained as a result of the tor- oidal bubbles＇ heating effect at the final stage of the bubble collapse.     

A model of backdraft phenomenon in building fires

In order to further investigate the physical mechanism of the backdraft phenomenon in building fires, a simplified mathematical model is established based on energy balance equation, and its catastrophe mechanism is analyzed based on catastrophe theory, and the relationship between system control variables and fire conditions is studied. It is indicated that the backdraft phenomenon is a kind of typical catastrophe behavior, and of the common characteristics of catastrophe.     

Sodium fluorescence Doppler lidar to measure atmospheric temperature in the mesopause region

A sodium fluorescence Doppler lidar system has been developed to measure environmental parameters of the middle and upper atmosphere. The lidar system mainly comprises a transmitter system,receiver system,data acquisition and control system and data analysis system. A narrowband 589 nm laser is used to excite sodium atoms in the mesopause region. Excitation of the sodium atoms results in resonance fluorescence,which is collected by the receiver. The temperatures in the mesopause region(about 75-105 km) can be derived by analyzing the Doppler-broadened width of the sodium fluorescence. Observations were made with the lidar system,and the number density of sodium atoms and atmospheric temperature profiles were extracted from the observation data. Comparisons of the lidar temperatures and TIMED/SABER temperatures show good agreement,illustrating the reliability of the sodium fluorescence Doppler lidar measurements.     

Monsoon and general circulation system

The instrumental period of meteorological record is too short to capture the full variability of the climate system and, in particular to visualize the type of climate that is predicted to occur over the next decades and centuries. It     

Experimental Research on Resonance Response Differences o f the Rotor System with Sliding and Rolling Bearings

Most of the research work on bearing-rotor systems usually simplifies the supporting bearing as a spring or damp system,and ignores that the resonance responses involve obvious differences when the same rotor system is supported by varying types of bearings．Aiming at the resonance responses of coast down running tests of the rotor system,we employed two different bearings in experiments：One is the fluid film journal bearing,and the other is the rolling element bearing．The experimental results obtained with the above bearings are compared．The resonance test Bode plots and orbit shapes of the rotor shaft are established．Also, summarized under resonance are the dynamic characteristics and regularities of the two types of bearing-rotor systems．The natural frequency and resonance mode of the same rotor system will change thoroughly with the type of supporting bearings．The results are helpful for system modeling,security running,dynamic design, the study of dynamic characteristics,and the fault diagnose of bearing-rotor systems．