Effect of a dual-function solar collector integrated with building on the cooling load of building in summer

As a building integrated solar thermal system, the dual-function solar collector integrated with building works for passive space heating in cold winter season, and for water heating in warm seasons. In this paper, the study is made on the dual-function solar collector integrated with building when it works in water heating mode with natural circulation. The coupled model of the collector and building’s environment is established and validated. A numerical simulation is achieved to show the thermal effect of the novel system on the building in summer. By comparing with the cooling loads of the rooms with or without the novel collector in summer, the results show that when in summer, the novel solar system is available for serving hot water, and it does not have the summer overheating problem, and can even improve the thermal environment of its building slightly.     

Study of space heating by dual-function solar collectors

A novel solar collector named dual-function solar collector （DFSC） has been proven feasible for sup-plying warm air for space heating in winter and hot water during none-heating season by theoretical and experimen-tal studies. While integrated with building, the DFSC becomes component of the envelope. Because complexly coupling of several heat transfer modes and subjecting to random weather condition, the thermal influence of DFSC on a building remains obscure. In order to investigate the effect of DFSC for passive and active heating, a demon- strating office building integrated with DFSC panels on the southern wall and roof has been built in Hefei, in the east region of China. A simulation project of the whole building system in winter was built by the software TRNSYS with the new component developed for DFSC and compiled into the TRNSYS library based on the validated theoretical method and experimental results from previous studies. The simulation results show that the energy supplied by the DFSC can meet the heating requirement at most of the time of a sunny day, except early morning. More than 30 % solar fraction can be provided during the whole heating season in Hefei, the value further increases to 59 % in a region of high solar irradiance, such as Lhasa. While active DFSC panels are operated to provide fresh warm air through ventilation system, the flow rate shows strong influence on the solar fraction of heating load. With appropriate operation scheme of the active DFSC, more energy savings and thermal comfort can be achieved.     

高寒地区陶瓷太阳能集热系统的应用研究

依托大通县雪里河村太阳能集热采暖系统改造项目,采用黑瓷复合陶瓷太阳能集热板作为终端集热器,为农户提供冬季供暖及生活热水。对系统的集热器、集热面积、运行原理及节能效益进行阐述分析,并总结陶瓷太阳能集热系统的应用成果,以期为高寒地区民用建筑生态节能方式的推广应用提供建议。     

Operation Performance of Central Solar Heating System with Seasonal Storage Water Tank in Harbin

This paper presented a preliminary research on the central solar heating system with seasonal stor-age(CSHSSS)used in cold climate in China.A mathematical model of the solar energy seasonal storage water tank used in the central solar heating system was firstly developed based on energy conservation.This was fol-lowed by the simulation of the CSHSSS used in a two-floor villa in Harbin,and analysis of the impacts on storage water temperature of tank volume,solar collector area,tank burial depth,insulation thickness around the tank,etc.The results show there is a relatively economical tank volume to optimize the system efficiency,which de-creases with increasing tank volume at the constant collector area,and increases with increasing collector area at the constant tank volume.Furthermore,the insulation thickness has obvious effect on avoiding heat loss,while the tank burial depth doesn't.In addition-the relationship between the solar collector efficiency and storage wa-ter temperature is also obtained,it decreases quickly with increasing storing water temperature,and then in-creases slowly after starting space heating system.These may be helpful for relevant design and optimization in cold climates in China and all over the world.     

非直膨式太阳能水源热泵地板辐射采暖实验系统研究

为解决太阳能供热系统间歇性和不稳定性的问题,对以水源热泵作为辅助热源,以热管式真空管太阳能集热系统为主要热源形式,以地板辐射采暖系统为末端装置的太阳能-水源复合热泵地板辐射供暖系统进行研究。分析该系统在不同工况运行原理的前提下,建立系统性能系数的数学模型。分析了集热器进出口温度、水箱平均温度、地板采暖系统进出口温度和热泵蒸发温度对系统供热性能的影响。提出此系统的运行策略和控制方案,为该系统的设计和运行控制提供了依据。     

太阳能高效集热智能跟踪控制系统研究

研究设计了一种太阳能空气采暖自动控制系统.该系统以AT89C52单片机为核心,具有叶片集热板自动跟踪功能控制、冬夏季功能转换和主被动功能转换,并可根据需要设定系统运行参数,系统在天气变化比较复杂的情况下能够遵循设定模式正常工作,有效地提高太阳能的利用效率.     

不同方位角上太阳能集热器最佳倾角的确定

综合考虑太阳辐射量和热负荷的变化,以福州地区为例,分别以年最大得热量和年需最小辅助加热量为目标,计算得到不同方位角所对应的集热器最佳倾角.结果表明,正南朝向下,相较于以年最大得热量为目标确定的集热器最佳倾角,以年需最小辅助加热量为目标确定的集热器最佳倾角可节约11.7%的辅助加热量.方位角对集热器最佳倾角也有较大影响.当方位角的绝对值较大时,应采用较小的集热器倾角.     

集中供热热管太阳能集热系统

大面积集中供热已成为节能降耗的新途径 ,也是太阳能热利用发展的趋势。在原有铜铝复合板的基础上 ,试制了一种结合多层建筑的集中供热热管式太阳能供热系统。我们对该集热系统进行了设计 ,并对系统的性能进行了测试。该系统结合建筑 ,利用集热板价格低的特点 ,充分利用楼层的集热面积 ,结构上体现了集中供热的特点 ,热量互为补充 ,能得到足够的热水     

太阳能壁挂炉联合供热系统设计

设计了太阳能和天然气联合供热控制系统,重点讨论了该控制装置的结构和电路系统的设计及实现. 系统内装有温度传感器、循环水泵和阀门, 通过单片机控制,测量管路各点的温度值,判别不同的工作模式,使系统按照预先设好的程序进行冷热水循环、换热, 实现2种供热系统的联合. 通过模拟不同的工况点,进行实验测试,结果表明,效果达到了预期设想,系统通过程序自动控制切换热源,供热装置提供的水温达到规定的要求,实现了节能减排的目标.     

集中供热热管太阳能集热器系统的研究

在原有铜铝复合板的基础上,试制了一种适合多层建筑的集中供热太阳能供热系统,克服了原有的平板式及真空管式集热系统的易炸管?易冻?易结垢?单管损坏后整个系统失效等问题.利用集热板价格低的特点,结合多层建筑,充分利用楼层的集热面积,集体安装,其结构体现了集中供热的特点,其热量可以互为补充.     

太阳能冷管的机理与结构改进实验

阐述了对太阳能冷管及其结构和性能的研制及改进，采用真空集热方式和选择性涂层加强冷管对太阳能的吸收，以固化复合吸附剂提高吸附床的吸附和脱附性能．对冷管中的脱附动力学机理进行了实验研究，指出真空度是影响脱附速率的主要因素之一．该太阳能冷管型可以制冷又可以供热水，其制冷系数达0．193，制冷与供热的总性能系数为0．692．     

燃气-太阳能空调系统采暖季的运行模拟及分析

提出太阳能集热器阵与直燃型吸收式冷温水机联合采暖系统,并建立系统逐时运行的数学模型.然后以东华大学3,4号学院楼空调系统的节能改造方案为应用实例,编写计算机程序进行数值模拟.模拟结果揭示了该改造系统的运行情况、影响系统运行的因素.该结果对学院楼现有空调系统的改造工作具有指导意义,对类似工程也具有参考价值.     

西部地区畜牧业生产与环境保护的和谐发展

西部民族地区自然生态保护和畜牧业生产方面,存在一些突出问题：草原生态不断恶化。人畜、草畜、畜牧业生产方式、劳动者现代文化素质、产业结构、经济收入。发展失调,其矛盾日益尖锐．为了改善自然生态平衡,切实解决“三农”问题．增加农牧民收入。坚持以人为本,依靠科学进步,构建人与自然和谐相处的环境,保障西部地区社会可持续发展．     

柴达木盆地地区太阳池技术应用研究

太阳池是一种兼有太阳能集热器和储热器功能的盐水池,太阳池中贮存的热量被广泛用于采暖、发电以及需要大量低温热源的工农业应用领域．在柴达木盆地具有建设太阳池的有利条件,应大力发展太阳池技术．     

用典型年数据计算供暖负荷朝向修正系数

以各气象台站实测典型年气象资料为基础，综合考虑了直射辐射和散射辐射两种情况，给出了全国27个城镇的各朝向修正系数，并对采用不同修正系数对房间负荷计算的影响进行了对比分析。     

黑瓷复合陶瓷太阳板集热系统的应用研究

研发了一种与建筑一体化的新型高效平板太阳能集热体黑瓷复合陶瓷太阳板。该集热体以普通瓷土为原料配制泥浆注浆成型,表面喷涂以工业废弃物提钒尾渣为原料调配的钒钛黑瓷泥浆层,干燥后经连续辊道窑1 200 ℃烧制而成,阳光吸收比为0.95。介绍了陶瓷太阳板房顶集热系统的构建方法,该系统与建筑共用结构层、保温层、防水层,与建筑一体化、同寿命,隔热、保温效果优于普通房顶。通过建筑实例对该集热系统的集热效率与真空玻璃管热水器进行测试对比,得出集热系统日得热量为8.6 MJ/m²,远高于真空玻璃管热水器和国家标准的7.0 MJ/m² ,可实现太阳能使用成本低于常规能源。     

多层建筑太阳能热水系统的设计

能源和环境是制约国民经济持续增长和人民生活质量稳步提高的主要问题之一 ,新能源的开发和利用是解决上述问题的重要途径 ,其中太阳能作为一种新型能源应用非常广泛 ,但目前在我国太阳能的利用集中在小型家用热水系统上 ,已经不能够满足发展的需要 笔者结合镇江市“阳光世纪花园”住宅太阳能热水系统的设计 ,论述了多层建筑太阳能热水系统的工作原理和设计方法 ,提出了多层建筑太阳能热水系统设计的一般思路 ,为新型舒适性住宅采用节能型热水系统提供了设计的基础依据     

Solar-driven high-temperature steam generation at ambient pressure

This paper demonstrates a facile solar steam generator for the generation of high-temperature steam at ambient pressure. The steam generator consists of a coiled copper tube(CCT) that serves as both solar collector and vapor heater. Both the inner and outer surfaces of the CCT are coated with black superhydrophobic copper oxide layer to improve the solar absorption, and such superhydrophobic layer prevents the condensation and clogging of water vapor during the heating process. Solar vapor is generated at the inlet of CCT through interfacial evaporation and subsequently heated inside the CCT as the vapor travels from the inlet to the outlet. By employing this approach, steam temperature that exceeds 100℃ under 1-sun illumination is demonstrated. Furthermore,steam temperature could reach as high as 250℃ under 10-sun illumination at ambient pressure. Successful sterilization experiment was also performed in this work to demonstrate the potential application of the high temperature steam generated. Such demonstrated approach helps open up the potential usage of solar-driven interfacial evaporation in applications that involve high-temperature steam, including medical sterilization,chemical manufacturing and food processing.     

西藏地区太阳能、毛细管网采暖系统应用分析

在日照特别充足的地区使用太阳能作为空调的热源能节能60％,太阳能粟暖系统包括集热系统、蓄热系统、辅助热源系统、室内采暖系统、控制系统;毛细管网具有热效率高、节能、舒适度高、方便施工、寿命长等优点,室内使用毛细管网将更大程度的节省运行费用。     

微波加热技术在沥青路面现场维修中的应用

对微波加热技术在沥青路面现场维修中的应用进行了初步的研究和探索，沥青路面材料在微波能作用下，聚集料产生热量并将热传给沥青料，从而达到加热的目的，微波加热有着迅速，穿透深以及均匀一致等优点，在沥青路面维修中的应用前景十分看好