活性白土吸附去除苯酚废水的实验研究

研究活性白土对苯酚的等温吸附特性,考察了初始溶液浓度、活性白土粒径、pH值、温度4种因素对吸附作用的影响,并分析了不同条件下活性白土吸附苯酚的动力学过程.结果表明: Langmuir等温方程能较好地描述活性白土对苯酚的等温吸附特征; 初始溶液浓度越高,活性白土对苯酚的吸附量越大; 随着活性白土粒径的减小,其对苯酚的吸附量增大; 碱性条件有利于活性白土对苯酚的去除; 吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学模型.     

壳聚糖对Pb2+吸附性能研究

以壳聚糖为吸附剂,考察溶液pH值、Pb2+初始浓度等条件对壳聚糖吸附性能的影响,研究不同温度下壳聚糖对Pb2+的吸附等温线、热力学和动力学行为,并研究表观活化能.结果表明,当pH为5~6时,壳聚糖对Pb2+的吸附能力达到最大值;随着Pb2+初始浓度增加,平衡吸附量随之增加并达到最大值,此后基本不变;当温度在298~313 K变化时,平衡吸附量随Pb2+平衡浓度增大而增大,达到最大值后基本不变,吸附行为符合Langmuir方程;不同温度下的△G均小于零,且温度越高,△G越小,△H大于零,温度越高越有利于吸附;随着吸附时间延长,初始阶段吸附速率较快,此后逐渐下降,吸附动力学行为符合拟二级速率模型,吸附表观活化能为18.658 kJ/mol.     

水环境中营养盐磷在生物膜上吸附热力学研究

营养盐磷是浮游藻类生长繁殖乃至水体发生富营养化的最重要的限制性元素之一,受到水环境中生物膜的强烈吸附作用,探究生物膜对磷的吸附特性对水环境治理有着重要意义.采集天然水体中的生物膜吸附不同初始浓度的正磷酸盐溶液,并分析了多种环境因素对吸附作用的影响,研究了天然水体生物膜吸附磷的热力学特征,获得了多种环境因素影响下的吸附等温线.研究结果表明,天然水体生物膜吸附磷的热力学特征符合Langmuir模型;温度和振荡速率能显著影响生物膜对磷的吸附作用,25~30℃为最佳吸附温度,振荡速率越大,饱和平衡吸附量越大;pH对吸附的影响主要表现为在碱性条件下天然水体中生成的絮状体的间接作用;磷负荷是影响平衡吸附率和单位干质量生物膜平衡吸附量的主要因素,磷的总质量和生物膜的总用量是影响总吸附量的主要因素.     

钢渣吸附去除水中亚甲基蓝

通过静态批式实验研究钢渣对亚甲基蓝吸附行为的影响.结果表明:亚甲基蓝去除率随钢渣投加量的增加而增大,随初始浓度的升高而降低,而单位钢渣质量下亚甲基蓝的吸附量呈相反趋势.溶液初始pH值为4时最有利于钢渣吸附亚甲基蓝.钢渣吸附亚甲基蓝符合Lagergren准一级动力学方程,平衡吸附量随亚甲基蓝初始质量浓度的增加而增大,随钢渣投加量增加而减小.结合Freundlich等温吸附方程发现,钢渣对亚甲基蓝的吸附是以离子交换作用为主的优惠型吸附.亚甲基蓝阳离子在静电力作用下吸附在钢渣表面,并与CaO等反应形成聚合物,增强吸附效能.     

利用城市给水厂污泥制备陶粒及其吸附去除水中Cr~(6+)的研究

以城市给水厂污泥为主要原料,辅以膨润土制备污泥陶粒,利用污泥陶粒吸附去除水中的Cr~(6+),研究了溶液pH值、溶液中Cr~(6+)初始浓度以及反应温度对吸附过程的影响.结果表明,当溶液pH值为4.5时吸附去除效果最佳;吸附量随初始浓度增加以及反应温度的升高而增大;吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型;Langmuir等温吸附模型能够很好地描述等温吸附过程.     

天然沸石对阳离子染料中性红的吸附及机理研究

研究了天然沸石对中性红的吸附及其作用机理,考察了吸附剂用量、pH值、盐浓度、振荡时间、中性红初始质量浓度、温度等因素对沸石吸附中性红的影响.结果表明,吸附量随着吸附剂用量的增加而减少,但随着溶液pH值的增大、温度的升高以及盐浓度的降低而增加;吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温式.温度从288 K升高到308 K,中性红的饱和吸附量从14.79 mg/g升高到31.78mg/g.利用准二级动力学方程及粒子内扩散方程检验了吸附过程的动力学性质,结果表明,其吸附过程的速率控制步骤为膜扩散控制,并随溶液初始质量浓度的增加准二级速率常数降低,面内扩散速率常数增加.     

改性黏土除氟剂的吸附作用及其动力学研究

针对常见黏土类除氟剂硬度低、易破碎等问题,研制出一种添加黏结剂A的改性黏土除氟剂,并对除氟剂的制备条件进行研究;考察除氟剂投加量、pH、温度及初始F-质量浓度等因素对吸附效果的影响,并进行吸附动力学的研究.研究结果表明:将10%的黏结剂A溶液以40%的比例添加到原黏土除氟剂中,在150℃下热处理1.5 h所制得除氟剂的硬度及吸附效果最佳.在处理试验用水时,改性黏土除氟剂的吸附容量随投加量的减少而增加,当投加量为200 mL溶液中投加1 g时,改性黏土除氟剂对氟的吸附基本达到饱和;随着初始溶液F-质量浓度及温度的升高,改性黏土除氟剂吸附容量增大;除氟剂对F-的吸附容量在弱酸性条件下较大;在试验质量浓度范围内其吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型;F-在改性黏土除氟剂上的吸附符合准二级反应动力学模型.     

模拟废水中重金属离子Cr^6＋的处理试验研究

论述了磺化煤的制备方法和原理。研究了磺化煤吸附模拟废水中重金属离子Cr6 的吸附特性及其粒度、用量、吸附作用时间、吸附温度、pH值和吸附液初始浓度对吸附量的影响,初步探讨了磺化煤吸附重金属离子的机理。试验研究表明,pH值是影响磺化煤吸附作用的主要因素,吸附性能随着pH增加发生变化。磺化煤吸附Cr6 的动力学研究表明,吸附符合一级吸附动力学模型。磺化煤对重金属离子的吸附模型符合Freundlich吸附等温式。     

茶叶渣对六价铬离子的吸附研究

采用茶叶渣对水溶液中的六价铬离子进行了吸附降解,考察了六价铬离子原始浓度、茶渣投加量、废水的温度、溶液初始pH、反应时间等对吸附的影响.结果表明,当反应时间为1.5h时茶渣对目标离子的吸附达到饱和状态;废水的pH越低吸附降解的效率越高;温度为45℃时吸附效果最好;6g/L的茶渣投加量对浓度为20mg/LCr(VI)溶液的降解效果最佳.实验还发现,茶渣对六价铬离子的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温线,遵循拟二级动力学模型.     

纤蛇纹石吸附Cu(Ⅱ)的动力学及热力学研究

研究纤蛇纹石对铜离子的吸附行为,探讨初始溶液pH、温度和铜离子初始浓度对吸附动力学的影响,进行吸附等温线的测定和热力学计算.研究结果表明:当温度为25～60℃,pH为2～4,铜离子初始浓度为10～100mmol/L时,Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附动力学数据均符合准二级反应动力学模型;吸附量随反应温度、初始pH和溶液初始浓度的增加而增加;等温吸附曲线符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,吸附过程以单层吸附为主;反应的吉布斯自由能为负值,焓变为20.427 kJ/mol,熵变为109.424 J/(mol·K),说明吸附是一个自发进行的物理吸附过程.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the