Haloperidol produces hypothermic effects in rats

Summary Intraperitoneal administration of either haloperidol or chlorpromazine produced hypothermia both in the cold (8° C) and at room temperature (22°C). The hypothermia was brought about both by a decrease in metabolic heat production and an increase in the cutaneous temperature of tail and foot skin. However, at a higher temperature (29°C), there were no changes in rectal temperature and other thermoregulatory responses.The work reported here was supported by grants from the National Science Council of Republic of China and J. Aron Charitable Foundation (New York, N.Y.). The authors are grateful to Dr C.Y. Chai for his advice during the experimentation. The generous support of Dr C.J. Shih was much appreciated by the authors. Also, we thank Dr C.D. Bloomer (Smith, Kline and French Co.) for the supply of chlorpromazine.     

Solid phase synthesis and some pharmacological properties of 8-glutamine-oxytocin: a possible intermediate in the evolution of the neurohypophysial hormones

Zusammenfassung Die erstmalige Synthese des Peptidhormons 8-Glutamin-Oxytocin wird beschrieben. Das synthetische Peptid ist mit einem anderen Peptid des Dornhaies von noch ungeklärter Struktur nicht identisch.

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(a) This work was supported in part by a Studentship (to J.W.M.B.) and a Grant (to M.M.) from the Medical Research Council of Canada, an award (to T.C.W.) from the Banting Research Foundation, a National Science Foundation Grant No. GB 4932 and a General Research Support Grant to Columbia University from the National Institutes of Health. (b) An abstract of this work was presented at the 5th Annual Meeting of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies, July, 1968; M.Manning, T. C.Wuu, J. W. M.Baxter and W. H.Sawyers, FEBS 1968 Meeting, Prague, Abstr.824, p. 206.     

Distribution of free and conjugated ecdysteroids between follicle cell sheath and ooplasm in oocytes of the cockroachNauphoeta cinerea

Summary It is shown that both follicle cell sheath and ooplasm contain only small quantities ofHelix-hydrolyzable ecdysteroid conjugates and that 20-hydroxy-ecdysone is the predominant free ecdysteroid. Its concentration is very high in the follicle cell sheath immediately before chorion formation (6825 ng/g) and much lower after chorion formation (150 ng/g), while it is 234 ng/g and 95 ng/g in the ooplasm at the same stages respectively.Thanks are due to Dr J.D. O'Connor (Los Angeles) for the ecdysone antiserum, to Dr J. Koolman (Marburg) for 23,24-[³H]-ecdysone and to Mrs A. Tschan for technical assistance. A fellowship to X. Zhu from the Chinese Ministry of Education and financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 3.714-0.80 to B. Lanzrein) are gratefully acknowledged.     

Prolactin concentrations in mouse milk during lactation

Summary Prolactin levels in mouse milk increased from the day of parturition to give a concentration of 230 ng/ml on days 2 and 3 of lactation. Thereafter, levels dropped to 140 ng/ml by day 6 and were maintained at this concentration until weaning.Acknowledgments. Mouse PRL and its antiserum was the generous gift of Y.N. Sinha (Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California). J.M.B. was in receipt of a Liverpool University Studentship.     

Ecdysteroid titers during larval reproduction of the dipteran insectHeteropeza pygmae

Summary Ecdysteroid titers were measured in whole-body extracts of pedogenetically reproducing larvae of the dipteran insectHeteropeza pygmaea and in the dietary fungus. The titers are very low in the first 3 days of larval growth, but increase during the last 2 days. The level of 20-hydroxyecdysone is then significantly higher than that of ecdysone. Measurements of the titers in the fungus gave no conclusive results.Supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, grants No. 3.218-0.77 to D.F.W. and 3.714-0.80 to B.L. We thank Xiang-Xiong Zhu for help with the RIA and Mrs G. Rhyner for technical assistance. Gifts of ecdysone antiserum from Dr J. D. O'Connor and of 23,24-[³H₂]-ecdysone from Dr J. Koolman are also gratefully acknowledged.     

Effects of brain monoamine depletion on thermoregulation,active avoidance,and food and water intake in rats

Summary Intraventricular administration of 6-OHDA or 5,6-DHT suppressed food intake, whereas their effect on active avoidance produced a suppression with the former and an enhancement with the latter. The increased water intake was specifically associated with 5,6-DHT treatment in rats.This work supported by grants from the National Science Council (Republic of China), J. Aron Charitable Foundation (USA) and John B. Pierce Foundation (USA). The authors are grateful to Drs C.Y. Chai and H. H. Lu for their support and advice.     

Demonstration of cross reaction between anti-macrophage antibodies and mononuclear mesodermal cells

Summary An anti-macrophage antiserum to rat peritoneal macrophages was prepared in rabbits. The antibodies produced showed cross reaction with perivascular adventitial macrophages, with macrophages in thymus and spleen, and with brain microgial cells.Acknowledgments. This study was supported by grants from Tore Nilson's Foundation for Medical Research, Lars Hierta's Foundation, Anna Ahrenberg's Foundation and the Medical Faculty of Göteborg.     

Freeze tolerance in the frog,Rana sylvatica

Summary Wood frogs survive extracellular freezing at moderate subzero temperatures (–4°C) for at least 11 days. Freezing survival is aided by the accumulation of high concentrations of glucose as a cryoprotectant in blood and tissues. Glucose production was accompanied by a rapid decline in liver, but not muscle, glycogen levels suggesting that liver is the organ controlling cryoprotectant synthesis.Acknowledgments. This study was supported by grants to L.M.G. from the Kroc Foundation (Santa Ynez, California) and from the National Institute of Dental Research (Grant No. DE-03987). The authors wish to thank K. Yorko, M. Shakin, J. Finan and Mrs N. Manivannan for their technical and secretarial assistance.Acknowledgments. I thank Dr J. Ballantyne, Dr F. Schueler and I. McMurray for help with frog collections and Dr. W. Schmid, Dr J. Bogart and Dr F. Cook for helpful discussions. Supported by an N.S.E.R.C. operating grant and by a grant from the Atkinson Charitable Foundation.     

The effects of brain monoamine depletion on p-chlorophenyl-alanine-induced hypothermia

Summary I.p. administration of p-chlorophenylalanine produced a fall in rectal temperature in rats. The hypothermia was attenuated after pretreatment of the animals with 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine, but was unaffected after pretreatment of the animals with 6-hydroxydopamine.This work was supported by grants from the National Science Council (Republic of China) and J. Aron Charitable Foundation (USA). The authors are grateful to Dr C.Y. Chai, Dr T.H. Yin, Dr H.H. Lu and Mr C.C. Wei for their advice and support.     

Prostaglandin E1-induced fever in rabbits pretreated with p-chlorophenylalanine

Summary The prostaglandin E₁-induced fever was neither potentiated nor attenuated at all levels of the ambient temperatures (2, 22 and 32°C) studied after pretreatment of the conscious rabbits with p-chlorophenylalanine, when compared to the untreated control.This work was supported by grants from National Science Council of Republic of China and John B. Pierce Foundation (New Haven, USA). The author is grateful to Drs J. D. Hardy, J. T. Stitt and C. Y. Chai for their advice.     

Familial association in serum IgE levels

Summary The serum IgE levels measured by RIST correlated closely with those obtained by the single radioimmunodiffusion method. Values for husband and wife were closely related as were those between father and daughter but in contrast to previous observations no significant relationship existed between IgE levels for mother and son.Acknowledgments. The Busselton population studies, of which this paper forms part, have been supported by the University of Western Australia the Arnold Yeldham and Mary Raine Foundation, the National Heart Foundation of Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, State Health Laboratories (Western Australia), the National Health and Medical Research Council, Princess Margaret Children's Medical Research Foundation, various private donors, numerous volunteer workers, and the people of Busselton. The authors wish to personally acknowledge support from the Arnold Yeldham and Mary Raine Foundation, the National Health and Medical Research Council and the Asthma Foundation of Western Australia. We are indebted to Drs.K. J. Cullen andR. C. Godfrey for making available valuable material from the Busselton population survey.     

Effects of hypothalamic injections of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine on thermoregulation in rats

Summary 5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine, a serotonin depletor, infused directly into the anterior hypothalamus of rat's brain, produced an increase in both heat production and heat loss (as indicated by changes in peripheral circulation) at temperatures of 8, 15 and 22°C. The rectal temperature of these treated rats remained constant.This work was supported by grants from National Science Council of Taiwan and J. Aron Charitable Foundation (USA). The author is grateful to Dr C. Y. Chai and Mr C. C. Wei for their support.     

Effect of rabbit antiserum to ovine LH on reproductive organs in male hamsters and guinea-pigs

Summary Administration of rabbit antiserum to ovine luteinizing hormone to immature hamsters and guinea-pigs resulted in a significant decrease in the weights of testes, seminal vesicle and ventral prostate.The author wishes to thank Prof. N.R. Moudgal for his interest and Family Planning Foundation for financial assistance.     

Behavioural consequences of vasectomy in the mouse

Summary Vasectomy was found to have no influence on the sexual activity of male mice. Testis and seminal vesicle weights were similary not influenced by this operation although a significant increase in epididymus weight was observed.J. C. is grateful to the Ford Foundation for financial support.     

Benzoyl cyanide in the defensive secretion of polydesmoid millipeds

Summary A novel cyanogenetic compound, benzoyl cyanide, was isolated from the defensive secretion of 3 polydesmoid millipeds (Pseudopolydesmus serratus, Apheloria corrugata and A. trimaculata). The secretion of the 3 species also contains mandelonitrile and benzaldehyde, and that of P. serratus contains mandelonitrile benzoate, benzoic acid, isovaleric acid, myristic acid and stearic acid.Paper No. 52 of the series Defense Mechanisms of Arthropods.The study was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (grants AI-12020 and AI-02908 and Fellowship 1-F-32-CA05139 to T. H. J.) and the National Science Foundation (grant BMS 75-15084).     

Pancreatic polypeptide: A possible role in the regulation of food intake in the mouse. Hypothesis

Summary Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is a recently identified hormone produced by pancreatic endocrine cells. The islets of genetically obese mice (ob/ob, C57 BL/6J), which are suspected to lack a circulating satiety factor, contain relatively few of the PP-producing cells. Administration of bovine pancreatic polypeptide (bPP) reduces food intake and suppresses body weight gain in the hyperphagic obese mice. It is postulated that PP participates in the regulation of food intake in a manner as yet undefined.This work was supported by grant No. 3.553.75 from Swiss National Science Foundation. We thank Mrs M. Eissler and Mr R. Cuche for their valuable help.     

Reduction of the quantum content of endplate potentials by atropine

Zusammenfassung Postsynaptische Potentiale der Muskelfasern (EPP) des isolierten Rattenzwerchfells wurden intrazellulär abgeleitet. Die statistische Analyse zeigt, dass der Mengenanteil von EPP bei Anwesenheit von Atropin vermindert ist und zwar simultan mit der postsynaptischen Blockade. Die Erholung des presynaptischen Effektes ist viel langsamer als diejenige des postsynaptischen.

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This work was supported by a grant (to J.I.H.) from the US. National Science Foundation. D.F.W. was a postdoctoral fellow of the US Public Health Service.     

The delta sleep inducing peptide (DSIP). Comparative properties of the original and synthetic nonapeptide

Summary Both the original and the synthetic nonapeptide Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu enhance, in recipient rabbits, spindle and delta EEG activity as in orthodox slow wave sleep.Acknowledgment. This work was supported by grants from the Swiss National Foundation for Scientific Research (No. 3.871.72, 3.527.75,3.443.074, 3.780.076), Fonds für Lehre und Forschung der Universität Basel, Merck Sharp and Dohme (USA), Ciba-Stiftung Basel, Hoffmann La Roche Ltd Basel, Sandoz Ltd Basel. We received valuable help from Dr S. Roncari, Dr B. Wilson and Dr C. D. Bennett for chemical research, and from Prof. A. Cerletti, Dr H. J. Tobler and Mr J. J. Regez (Division of Application and Research Development, Sandoz Ltd) for data processing.     

The measurement of transketolase activity in heart preparations

Zusammenfassung Methodenvergleich zur Transketolase-Analyse in Rattenherzen. Die neue Methode benützt als Substrat Hydroxypyruvat und Erythrose-4-Phosphat und bestimmt das Verhältnis der Transketolaseaktivität an der Bildung von Fructose-6-Phosphat. Der Wechsel der Myocard-Transketolaseaktivität während Hypertrophie wird beschrieben.

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M.G.C. acknowledges the support of an Imperial Chemical Industries of Australia and New Zealand Postgraduate Fellowship. J.F.W. and J.B.H. acknowledge the financial support of the National Heart Foundation of Australia and J.F.W. acknowledges the financial support of the Australian Research Grants Committee. G.K. is a Postgraduate Medical Scholar of the National Heart Foundation of Australia.     

Naphthoquinones in defensive secretion of an opilionid

Summary The defensive secretion of the opilionidPhalangium opilio contains 1,4-naphthoquinone and 6-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. Naphthoquinones are of rate occurrence in arthropods, having previously been reported only from certain tenebrionid beetles.Paper No. 60 of the series: Defense Mechanisms of Arthropods.Acknowledgments. Partial support by the National Institutes of Health (grant Nos. AI-12020 and AI-02908, and fellowship award CA 05646 to D.F.W.) and the National Science Foundation (grant No. BMS 74-15084) is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Dr W.A. Shear for identifying the opilionid, and S. Daniels, K. Dodge, M. Guzewich and C. Smith for helping collect the specimens..