婴幼儿骨性鼻泪管的影像解剖学测量

目的:应用螺旋CT三维重建技术观察正常婴幼儿鼻泪管的解剖学特征.方法:应用螺旋CT对27例(54侧)正常婴幼儿和15例(30侧)成人骨性鼻泪管三维重建,再测量骨性鼻泪管长度,鼻泪管长轴与正中矢状切面,水平切面,冠状切面投影的夹角等解剖学数据,同时用解剖学方法测量7例(14侧)儿童尸头骨性鼻泪管长度作对照,应用SPSS13.0软件进行统计学处理.结果:螺旋CT三维重建测量婴幼儿骨性鼻泪管长度为(10.06±0.29)mm,儿童尸头骨性鼻泪管长度为(9.95±0.31)mm,成人骨性鼻泪管长度为(11.51±1.54)mm,前两者之间的差异无统计学意义,而前两者与成人鼻泪管长度之间的差异有统计学意义.婴幼儿鼻泪管长轴与正中矢状切面投影的夹角为7.96°±1.62°,与水平切面投影的夹角为73.24°±6.75°,与冠状切面投影的夹角为12.31°±2.03°;成人鼻泪管长轴与正中矢状切面,水平切面,冠状切面投影的夹角分别为8.08°±0.63°,72.69°±3.85°,12.09°±1.21°,两者之间的差异无显著性.结论:螺旋CT三维重建技术是测量婴幼儿鼻泪管解剖学数据的一种有效方法,所得解剖学数据对婴幼儿泪道疾病的手术治疗有重要的指导作用.     

磁共振静脉血管成像(MRV)对上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的临床应用价值

目的:探讨磁共振静脉血管成像(MRV)对上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的临床应用价值.方法:对15例上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的MRV图像进行分析,观察瘤体对上矢状窦的压迫、侵蚀和闭塞程度,并与手术结果对照分析.结果:15例上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤中,6例瘤体与一侧静脉窦壁外层附着,5例瘤体侵蚀静脉窦,4例瘤体长入上矢状窦内,窦腔完全闭塞,MRV所示与手术病理结果完全相符.结论:MRV对上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤与上矢状窦关系的显示十分敏感,能够精确提供上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的手术治疗信息.     

急性高容量血液稀释联合控制性降压在上矢状窦破裂修补术中的应用

目的：探讨急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)联合控制性降压(CH)用于上矢状窦破裂修补术的临床效果.方法：将22例ASA Ⅱ～Ⅲ级在全麻下行上矢状窦破裂修补术患者随机分成2组(I组：AHH+CH,Ⅱ组：AHH),均于打开骨瓣前行AHH,I组同时用硝普钠行CH.记录AHH前(T0)、骨瓣打开时(T1)、骨瓣打开后10 min (T2)、上矢状窦修复完毕(T3)和术毕(T4)的MAP,HR,Hb,Hct和血气值,计算2组的出血量、输血量、尿量、总输液量及AHH扩容量.结果：2组的CVP值在T1时均较T0明显升高,在T2和T3时I组的与T0比较无显著变化,Ⅱ组的明显低于T0时和I组同时点;在T1时I组的Hct值显著低于Ⅱ组;I组较Ⅱ组扩容量显著增大,输血量明显减少.结论：AHH+CH用于上矢状窦破裂修补术可增加扩容量,增强术中血流动力学的稳定,减少输血量.     

头皮静脉留置针反向穿刺输液的临床观察

为探讨临床输液时限长且血管条件较差的患儿采用头皮静脉留置针反向穿刺的可行性,以400例年龄从出生2天至2岁的患儿作为研究对象,随机分为试验组和对照组,选择头皮额前正中静脉、颞浅静脉进行穿刺,试验组采用留置针反向穿刺,对照组采用正向穿刺。比较了两组穿刺的成功留置率和穿刺成功后的回血率。结果显示,试验组成功留置率和成功穿刺后回血率均优于对照组,因此得出结论:临床输液时限长且血管条件差患儿,采用头皮静脉留置针逆向穿刺是一种有效可行的方法。     

瘢痕疙瘩的超声检查

采用高频探头(5.0MHZ)对43例瘢痕疙瘩超声检查并与正常皮肤比较,前者表皮平均厚度0.5±0.1mm,真皮平均厚度4.9±0.6mm;后者表皮不均厚度0.6±0.1mm1,真皮平均厚度1.4±0.6mm。两组有显著性差异(P<0.001)。认为超声检查瘢痕疙瘩有实用价值。     

超音波法与敲击回音法检测钢筋混凝土梁柱接头

本文用超音波法及敲击回音法分别以斜向对打量测实体柱、不同厚度之块状试体、十字形试体及实体梁柱接头之压力波波速值,并与上述各试体之超音波直接对打量测的压力波波速值作比较,以评估斜向对打量测波速压力波之准确性,藉以探讨以斜向对打量测波速压力波值来检测梁柱接头混凝土质量之可行性.试验结果显示:超音波法于面宽40 cm之实体柱量测,当接收器偏距大于40 cm时,其波速值会明显下降;但敲击回音法以直径3 mm钢球作敲击源,接收器偏距超过70 cm波速值才会呈现下降趋势,以直径6mm钢球做量测则接收器偏距可达100cm,若以直径9mm钢球或铁锤做量测,接收器偏距达300 cm时,波速值仍未呈下降趋势.各试体之试验结果皆显示,超音波法之量测波速值基本上随接收器偏距增加而下降,但敲击回音法之波速值却不受偏距影响,其波速值与超音波直接对打值比较,误差皆在±3%以内.     

土家族成年女性头面部中线软组织厚度测量

目的 研究中国土家族成年女性头面部软组织特点.方法 随机抽取76名中国湖南省西部土家族成年女性,拍摄其头面部侧位X线片,选取正中矢状面上5个部位10个测量点软组织进行厚度测量,并对数据进行统计学处理.结果 土家族成年女性头面部中线10个测量点的软组织厚度范围为(3.29±0.16)～（9.05±0.18）mm.方差分析表明,头面部软组织厚度不同部位之间、同一部位不同年龄段之间有显著性差异;土家族与汉、壮、白、傣等民族成年女性头面部软组织厚度也有显著性差异.结论 土家族成年女性头面部软组织厚度存在部位和年龄差异.     

封闭式套管针的临床应用及护理

封闭式套管针又名头皮式套管针 (Intim a) ,在减少穿刺次数、减轻病人反复穿刺带来的痛苦等方面优于头皮针输液 ,我院自 1999年 3月起临床应用此针收到良好的效果 ,现将该技术的应用体会介绍如下。1　方法Intim a分为直型、Y型两型 ,采用美国生产的 Vialon材料制成。(1)选择血管 :选择粗、直、弹性好、血流量丰富的血管。(2 )消毒范围 :头皮针一般皮肤消毒范围直径为 5 cm,In-tima皮肤消毒范围直径为 8cm以上。(3)进针 :Intim a与皮肤呈 15°～ 30°在血管的上方直刺血管 ,速度要慢。角度太小 ,套管与血管壁接触面积太大 ,易引起渗漏 ;角…     

熔融碳酸盐燃料电池实验研究

熔融碳酸盐燃料电池(MCFC)是第2代燃料电池,工作温度650°C.组装了12cm×10cm的MCFC单体电池,开发了电池的关键材料、烧结及升温程序.电池以多孔陶瓷板材料γ-LiAlO2作为电解质支持体,其厚度为0.8mm,孔径分布0.1～0.8μm,孔隙率50%;阴极采用多孔板Ni,厚度为0.8mm,平均孔径为12μm,孔隙率55%;阳极采用多孔板Ni,厚度为0.8mm,平均孔径为8μm,孔隙率50%.电池的开路电压达到1.10V,电流密度达到120mA/cm2,工作时输出电压为0.65～0.70V,输出功率5～10W.     

长木蜂筑巢对孝顺竹竹皮厚度和竹节直径的选择

长木蜂(Xylocopa tranquebarorum)隶属木蜂属(Xylocopa)双月木蜂亚属(Biluna),主要在枯死的竹子上筑巢。笔者采用游标卡尺对长木蜂巢在孝顺竹(Bambusa multiplex)上的巢口形状、大小、巢口处竹皮的厚度和竹节直径进行测量,结果表明:长木蜂的巢口呈椭圆形,长度为5～11.5 mm,平均(6.5±0.63)mm,巢口宽度5～9.5 mm,平均(6.8±0.52)mm,其中巢口的长度和宽度以6.50 mm和6.99 mm最多,分别占43.70%和42.33%。长木蜂巢口所在竹节的直径平均(19.43±2.33)mm。其中,有59.01%的雌蜂选择在直径17～21 mm的孝顺竹上筑巢; 巢口处竹皮厚度平均(3.1±0.74)mm,其中69.16%雌蜂选择竹皮厚度2.5～3.5 mm的孝顺竹筑巢。不同竹节上的巢室大小、巢口处竹子直径和竹皮厚度均有差异。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.