高锰酸钾和混凝剂联用处理微污染水源水试验

以中国北方典型低温微污染水源—白石水库为研究对象,采用烧杯静态试验,进行了高锰酸钾单独氧化及高锰酸钾与混凝剂联用处理微污染水源水的研究.试验结果表明:高锰酸钾与混凝剂混合投加对高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)和氨氮(NH3-N)去除效果明显,并起到良好的除浊作用.最佳运行条件为先投加高锰酸钾2.5 mg/L,氧化15 min后投加PAC30 mg/L、PAM3 mg/L.     

含氟废水处理试验研究

为了解决某铝镁合金厂含氟废水达标排放问题,采用了化学混凝沉淀法进行除氟试验,通过正交试验考察了pH值、混凝剂、CaCl2对水中残氟量的影响,并确定了它们在该试验中的最佳投配值。结果表明,pH为9,CaCl2投加量为12 g/L,明矾投加量为500 mg/L,六偏磷酸钠投加量为125 mg/L时,出水含氟量可降至7.5 mg/L,含氟量达到国家一级排放标准。     

混凝沉淀处理煤制甲醇废水的实验研究

为进一步提高煤制甲醇废水中SS及COD的去除效果,采用混凝沉淀工艺对煤制甲醇废水进行预处理。通过混凝搅拌实验分析混凝剂加药量、混凝时间、PAC与PAM复配投加对浊度及COD去除效果的影响。结果表明:在PAC、PAFC及PFS三种混凝剂中,最佳混凝剂为PAC;在PAC加药量为60 mg/L的情况下,最佳混凝时间为20~25 min;在PAC投加60 mg/L、非离子型PAM投加0.2 mg/L、混凝20 min的条件下,PAC与PAM复配投加可避免胶体再稳,并将浊度及COD的去除率分别提高至81.8%和12.5%。     

磁粉与PAM联用强化饮用水处理的试验研究

通过小试实验,研究了磁粉与PAM联用强化混凝沉淀工艺对长江水的强化处理效能;并且分析了各添加介质的最佳投加量以及相互的影响机制。结果表明同时投加磁粉和PAM能够有效提高絮体沉降性能,促进出水水质的提高;并且可以在一定程度上提高对原水中有机物的去除效果。通过分析实验结果并结合实际应用的经济性确定反应中混凝剂PAC、磁粉和PAM的最佳投加量分别为30 mg/L,100 mg/L,1 mg/L。试验证明采用磁粉与PAM强化饮用水混凝沉淀工艺处理是可行的,并且在降低水厂的基建投资和提高处理效率方面具有重要的意义。     

再生水处理工艺中混凝深度除磷研究

通过烧杯实验,考察了聚合氯化铝(PAC)、氯化铁(FeCl3)及聚合硫酸铁(PFS)对二级出水中磷的去除效果及其影响因素,并对混凝剂的经济性及选用标准进行了讨论.结果表明,PAC、FeCl3及PFS除磷最佳pH值范围分别为6~9、7~9和7~9.对于较低浓度含磷的二级出水,宜采用PFS除磷,可以在混凝剂投加量较低的条件下,获得较高的除磷率.欲使初始总磷质量浓度为1.735 mg/L的二级出水经混凝处理后,其出水总磷浓度达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)中Ⅲ类水体的水质标准,PAC、FeCl3、PFS的最佳投药量分别为40、20、25 mg/L.     

城市污水处理厂协同沉淀除磷与后续混凝除磷对比实验研究

在室温条件下,选用氯化铁、明矾、硫酸铝和聚合氯化铝(PAC)4种常见混凝剂,对城市污水处理厂氧化沟出水和二沉池出水进行协同沉淀和后续混凝除磷对比实验;协同沉淀实验的混凝剂投药量为0～40mg/L,pH值为2.36～10.09;后续混凝除磷实验的混凝剂投药量为0～100mg/L,pH值为2.31～10.07.结果表明,协同沉淀除磷时,PAC、明矾、氯化铁以及硫酸铝的适宜投药量分别为15mg/L、20mg/L、30mg/L和25mg/L,pH值适宜范围分别为6.79～8.32、5.82～8.32、6.79～6.92和6.79～6.92;后续混凝除磷时,PAC、明矾、氯化铁以及硫酸铝的适宜投药量分别为30mg/L、70mg/L、50mg/L和40mg/L,pH值适宜范围分别为5.92～10.07、6.92～8.08、6.92～10.07和6.92～8.08.在4种混凝剂中,PAC能够在较小投药量条件下有效地降低出水中的总磷含量,优于其他3种混凝剂的处理效果;在实现相同除磷效果的条件下,后续混凝除磷工艺所需投药量为协同沉淀工艺的1.6～3.5倍,因此建议采用PAC混凝剂和协同沉淀工艺进行总磷去除处理,pH值保持在中性范围内.     

化学强化曝气生物滤池工艺的水处理效能

通过静态试验对比6种混凝剂对污水的处理效果,优选出聚合氯化铝(PAC)作为沙营污水厂的最优混凝剂,并考察前置投加PAC之后,沙营污水厂曝气生物滤池(BAF)工艺的处理效能。结果表明:化学强化后系统出水COD的质量浓度约为30 mg/L,去除率可达85%以上;出水氨氮的质量浓度在0.81~3.79 mg/L之间,去除率达到95%左右;出水的TP质量浓度平均值为0.79 mg/L,去除率达到75%左右。通过实验确定出:PAC的投加量X与投加前后TP质量浓度的关系为X=144.10-147.17ρ后/ρ前。     

PAC/PDMDAAC复合混凝剂用于冬季太湖水强化混凝工艺中试放大研究

在中试制水生产线上以3t/h的制水量规模对聚合氯化铝(PAC)-聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDMDAAC)复合混凝剂用于冬季低温太湖水强化混凝工艺的中试放大效应进行了研究分析.结果表明,对水温2~5℃,浊度9~20NTU,藻含量0.7×104~2.0×104个/m L的冬季低温太湖水,达到2NTU的水厂对沉淀出水浊度的要求,使用PAC/PDMDAAC复合混凝剂可比使用PAC减少投加量20.00%~35.00%,同时除藻率尚可提高1.25%~1.88%;在相同投加量情况下,使用PAC单独处理沉淀出水浊度达到2NTU时,使用PAC/PDMDAAC(1.53/10%~3.32/20%)复合混凝剂相对于使用PAC可降低沉淀池出水浊度22.09%~39.75%,同时提高除藻率2.78%~4.41%.对未来可能的1NTU深度处理沉淀出水浊度要求,使用PAC/PDMDAAC相对于PAC可减少投加量33.33%~44.44%,同时除藻率还可提高1.54%~2.38%.特别地,仍保持复合混凝剂中含PDMDAAC质量分数高或者特征黏度大,强化混凝工艺混凝效能越高的特征.由此可见,采用PAC/PDMDAAC复合混凝剂强化混凝工艺的脱浊、除藻、减铝盐投加量等在混凝烧杯实验中所体现出的效能,在3t/h水量中试生产条件下,得到成功放大.     

PAC/PDM复合混凝剂对冬季太湖原水的除藻性能研究

采用由聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDM)与聚合氯化铝(PAC)制成的系列稳定PAC/PDM复合混凝剂,用于冬季太湖原水的除藻性能研究.通过混凝除藻试验,考察了复合混凝剂加药量、PAC与PDM复配质量比例(20∶1—5∶1)、PDM特征黏度(0.55—3.99dL/g)对除藻性能的影响,探讨了使用复合混凝剂替代预加氯工艺的可行性及深度处理时复合混凝剂的除藻性能.结果表明:(1)对原水使用PAC、PAC/PDM(0.55/20∶1—3.99/5∶1)复合混凝剂后的余浊达到2NTU的水厂沉淀出水浊度标准时,其加药量分别为3.05mg/L、2.91—2.24mg/L,除藻率分别为85.95%、87.26%—92.28%;加药量为3.05mg/L时,其除藻率分别为85.95%、88.03%—96.00%,余浊分别为2.00NTU、1.55—0.53NTU.(2)对加氯水的加药量为3.40mg/L时,PAC/PDM(1.53/10∶1)复合混凝剂对原水的处理效果优于PAC、PAC/PDM(0.55/20∶1)复合混凝剂对加氯水的处理效果;PAC/PDM(3.99/5∶1)复合混凝剂对原水的处理效果优于PAC、PAC/PDM(0.55/20∶1)、PAC/PDM(1.53/10∶1)复合混凝剂对加氯水的处理效果.(3)满足余浊1NTU的深度处理要求时,PAC/PDM(0.55/20∶1—3.99/5∶1)复合混凝剂比PAC减少藻含量11.2%—59.2%,节省加药量6.7%—26.3%.因此,PAC/PDM复合混凝剂与PAC相比,余浊达标时节省加药量,加药量相等时提高处理效果.使用PAC/PDM复合混凝剂可以替代预氯化工艺中混凝除藻作用的部分功能,且是未来深度处理时有效的技术储备.     

微污染原水强化混凝处理技术研究

为提高南方某水厂常规工艺对微污染原水的净化效率,以聚合氯化铝(PAC)为混凝剂,分别采用预氧化(KMnO4、H2O2和O3)、粉末活性炭、助凝剂(PAM)和回流污泥等技术强化微污染原水的混凝过程.结果表明:预氧化强化混凝把原水中有机物氧化分解为分子量较小、疏亲水性较高的有机物,进而提高有机物混凝去除效果,KMnO4、H2O2和O3的适合投加量分别为1.5～2、4～6和4～6 mg/L;粉末活性炭强化混凝是利用粉末活性炭吸附分子量在0.6～3 kD的有机物,从而提高CODMn和色度去除率,粉末活性炭的适合投加量为20～30 mg/L;助凝剂强化混凝是助凝剂PAM能有效提高絮体颗粒尺寸,使得颗粒沉降速度加快,并使CODMn去除率得到提高,PAM投加量为0.2 mg/L;污泥强化混凝沉淀是以回流污泥提供凝聚核心,充分发挥其吸附、卷扫的作用,提高CODMn去除率,污泥适当投加量为15 mg/L.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.