长期荷载下有侧向约束柔性桩复合地基试验

为探讨长期荷载作用下柔性桩复合地基的工作性状,进行了有无侧向约束条件下夯实水泥土桩复合地基的长期荷载对比试验.在复合地基表面埋设沉降标,量测了桩体和土体沉降值,得到了桩和土的沉降随时间的变化规律;通过在桩间土表面、桩顶、桩端埋设土压力盒和在桩身埋设内贴应变片PVC管量测应力值,获得了桩顶与土顶应力、桩-土应力比、桩身轴力随时间发展的变化规律.试验结果表明:在长期荷载作用下,设置了约束长桩夯实水泥土桩复合地基的工作性状明显优于无约束夯实水泥土桩复合地基的工作性状——大幅度缩短了进入沉降稳定时间(约为64%),减小工后沉降量(约为29%~42%),降低桩-土应力比约39%;明显地调整了桩身轴力分布.分析认为:采用柔性桩加固软土路基时,在加固区边缘设置刚性长约束桩,能有效地控制路基的工后沉降,提高路基的承载性能.     

层状土中桩体复合地基荷载沉降关系

在假定桩侧摩阻力与该点位移符合纯弹塑模型的基础上，对层状土中桩体复合地基的工程特性进行了研究，分析了桩和桩间土的变形特点。最后，利用复合地基的变形协调条件，推导了层状土中桩体复合地基的荷载一沉降关系及桩土应力比公式，并结合工程实际对其精度进行了验证，表明荷载一沉降的理论关系式具有满足工程实际要求的精度。     

基于损伤原理的搅拌桩复合地基加固区变形分析

对搅拌桩复合地基加固区在柔性荷载作用下的性状进行了分析,将复合地基的沉降分为加固区的压缩变形和下卧层的压缩变形,加固区的压缩变形又分为桩体的压缩变形和加固区桩间土的压缩变形.从受力平衡的角度出发,将加固区的受力状态分为桩体和桩间土的受力平衡,并引入损伤理论将其与传统的计算方法相耦合,建立了以加固区桩体损伤变形为主要因素之一的加固区压缩变形计算模式,并用实例验证了该模型的可靠性.     

路堤荷载下DJM-PVD复合地基固结特性数值分析

以淮盐高速公路现场试验段为原型,采用数值分析方法分析了路堤荷载下DJM-PVD复合地基的固结机理和桩土应力分配特性.数值计算中采用单元体模型来代表复合地基.数值分析结果表明:路堤荷载下,DJM-PVD复合地基上部中桩间土沉降大于桩体沉降,桩端附近桩体沉降大于桩间土沉降,存在桩土差异沉降,桩土差异沉降使得桩间土承担荷载和桩体承担荷载相互转移;复合地基的桩体应力集中、桩体应力比等与均桩土差异沉降的发展密切相关;DJM-PVD复合地基的固结机理主要包括3部分:排水板的排水效应、粉喷桩的应力集中效应以及桩土间荷载转移形成的孔压梯度,三者均能加速地基的固结,减少工后沉降.     

考虑鼓胀变形的散体材料桩复合地基沉降计算

针对竖向荷载作用下靠近桩顶一定深度的范围内,桩体不仅会发生竖向压缩变形且会发生侧向鼓胀变形特性,基于荷载传递法,导出了竖向荷载作用下散体材料桩复合地基中的某根单桩的桩身压缩量计算公式,进而得到新的散体材料桩复合地基沉降计算公式.分析时,视散体材料桩为弹性均质体,根据广义胡克定律得到其应力应变关系;桩周土提供的侧向约束力为桩侧竖向力引起的侧向土压力,并考虑加筋垫层的侧向约束作用及其沿深度的传递对桩体侧向约束的有利影响.为验证本文方法的可行性,对某一工程实例进行分析,且与其它方法进行比较分析.结果表明:与常规计算方法相比,本文方法从荷载传递规律出发,可考虑鼓胀深度随桩顶竖向荷载的增加逐渐向深处发展的特点,更符合散体材料桩复合地基的实际受力变形状况.     

堆载加芯搅拌桩复合地基荷载传递与变形特性

加芯水泥土搅拌桩常被用于软土路基加固,为研究堆载作用下加芯水泥土搅拌桩复合地基的荷载传递规律、变形特性以及芯长比对其影响,结合实际工程案例进行现场基底沉降、地基深层水平位移、分层沉降、内芯桩竖向应力监测,构建不同芯长比三维有限元复合地基数值模型进行验证、对比分析,研究结果表明：①在堆载作用下,软土路基加固区存在中性点,在中性点上下,钢筋砼内芯桩与水泥土外壳桩荷载传递方式有所不同,钢筋砼内芯桩主要承担上部竖向应力,而水泥土外壳桩由传递剪切应力转换为承担上部竖向应力;②增加芯长比可以增加桩体的有效桩长,增长水泥土外壳桩承担传递剪应力功能的长度,减少作用在桩土界面的负摩阻力大小,有利于控制沉降;③增加芯长比能有效减少基底桩顶以及桩间土的沉降量,减少桩间土的竖向应力分担。     

路堤荷载下碎石桩复合地基沉降的解析算法

在假设的竖向及径向位移模式下,考虑桩土相互作用,通过力学推导,得到了路堤荷载下复合地基加固区桩体正应力、桩间土正应力、桩侧摩阻力、桩及桩间土压缩量的解析表达式。并对下卧层上附加应力的取值给出合理化建议。     

粉喷桩复合地基桩土应力比的试验研究

粉喷桩群桩复合地基静载荷试验及桩土应力比的试验结果表明 ,粉喷桩复合地基的变形 ,可分为弹性、弹塑性、塑性三阶段 ,利用其 logs- logp曲线可确定复合地基的承载力值。在试验荷载条件下 ,随着荷载水平的增加 ,桩间土的应力增长幅度变小 ,而桩体应力增长幅度变大 ,桩体逐渐承担大部分上部荷载 ,桩土应力比与荷载之间基本上呈线性增长趋势     

柔性基础下复合地基工作性状的正交法分析

为研究柔性基础下桩体复合地基的工作性状及其影响因素,基于能够考虑该种复合地基系统上下部共同作用、桩土界面上有相对滑移、同深度处桩间土沉降不等的解析解,通过正交试验方法,对与系统荷载传递规律密切相关的桩土应力比、中性面位置和相关影响因素开展分析.正交分析结果表明:桩土应力比、中性面位置的均值分别为9.73和0.655,其可靠度为95％的置信区间分别为5.075～30.162和0.554～0.756,系统中各影响因素对荷载传递规律的影响程度存在差异,且各影响因素之间存在不同程度的相互作用,其中垫层模量、下卧层模量、桩间土模量对桩土应力比和中性面位置均有显著的影响,故必须重视对系统上下部共同作用的深入研究.     

基于能量法柔性桩复合地基的沉降计算

为精确计算柔性桩复合地基沉降,对基于能量法的沉降计算方法进行研究。首先,以荷载传递法为基础,假设桩侧摩阻力与桩土相对位移满足弹塑性关系,推导出桩体及桩间土的能量方程,建立柔性桩复合地基的系统总势能表达式,基于最小势能原理获得桩土的荷载分担值;然后,采用修正剑桥模型计算桩间土的压缩量,同时引入柔性桩应力应变特性曲线计算桩体压缩量,其与下卧层压缩量之和即为复合地基沉降量。最后,利用该方法对室内试验和既有案例进行建模与计算。研究结果表明:复合地基沉降量计算值与实测值相吻合,验证了该计算方法的正确性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the