Environmental and biological influences on the stability of silver nanoparticles

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are easily dispersed and stable, and their application has become widespread. Consequently, concern has arisen regarding their potential effects on the environment and human health. However, the current understanding on the stability of Ag NPs is limited. Therefore, in this study the influence of environmental and biological factors, such as ionic strength, valence, biological molecules, pH and temperature, on the properties of Ag NPs was investigated. The absorption spectra, size, zeta potential, and release of silver ions were evaluated. Ionic strength, valence, Dulbecco??s Modified Eagle??s Medium (DMEM), without fetal bovine serum (FBS), reduced the stability of the Ag NPs. However, in DMEM with 10% FBS, the Ag NPs maintained their stability and nanoscale characteristics. These findings provide an essential insight into the environmental and biological factors that should be evaluated in a risk assessment of Ag NPs.     

淀粉保护的银纳米粒子的合成及表征

用液相过程制备纳米银粒子.制备过程中淀粉作保护剂、柠檬酸钠作还原剂,得到了Ag纳米粒子.利用透射电子显微镜（TEM）和紫外-可见吸收（UV-Vis）光谱,对Ag纳米粒子的形貌、粒度及其分布进行了性能表征,结果表明：在所选择的实验条件下制备了形貌呈球形,颗粒分散较为均匀,粒度分布集中,且粒径大约在20 nm左右的银纳米粒子;并讨论了淀粉在一定的浓度范围内能有效地防止纳米银颗粒的团聚,其保护作用显著.     

Hydrogen storage of multiwalled carbon nanotubes coated with Pd-Ni nanoparticles under moderate conditions

A type of novel material with a high hy-drogen storage capacity was prepared by supporting PdNi18 alloy nanoparticles,which were synthesized by using a new colloid method,on the surface of pretreated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The average PdNi18 alloy particle sizes calculated from XRD patterns were ca. 3 nm,and the high dis-persion of these particles on MWCNTs was con-firmed by TEM image. Hydrogen storage perform-ance of the composite was investigated under mod-erate pressure (0.1―1.5 MPa) at room temperature,and a maximum storage capacity of ca. 2.3 wt% was achieved under 1.5 MPa at room temperature,which was much higher than that reported previously under the same conditions.     

一种合成环己酮的绿色方法

报道了在偏钒酸铵和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵存在下,用过氧化氢氧化环己醇制备环己酮的绿色方法,讨论了偏钒酸铵和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的催化机理,确定了最佳的反应条件,收率达68%.     

ZrO2纳米粒子的水热合成

以锆酸四丁酯（Zr（OBu）4为原料,利用溶胶-水热法制备了ZrO2纳米粒子,分别用XRD,SEM,TEM对合成的样品进行了表征。结果表明,用水热法合成的ZrO2纳米粒子的粒径较小且均一,并且含有单斜相（Monoclinic）和四方相（Tetragonal）2种结构。     

三束储存与电子同步运动的动力学稳定性

近年来,多束存储的动力学稳定性问题一直是人们关注的一个重要问题.本文考虑了频率扰动和运动阻尼的影响,引入高阶相移因子把粒子同步运动方程化为广义Duffing方程.用摄动法导出了系统的近似解,并分析了系统在?/??1/2,1/3共振线附近的运动行为.揭示了系统跳跃现象和临界特征,讨论了系统的数学稳定性和物理稳定性.结果表明,系统稳定性与它的参数有关,只需适当调节这些参数就可以保证系统是稳定的.     

单分散水性硫普罗宁包覆金纳米粒子可控制备

利用紫外-可见光谱（UV-vis）、X衍射（X-ray Diffraction,XRD）和透射电子显微镜（Transmission Electron Microscope,TEM）等研究小尺寸水溶性金纳米粒子的可控制备.在乙酸和甲醇（体积比为1：6）的混合系统中,通过NaBH4对三水氯金酸还原,将硫普罗宁分子包覆到金纳米粒子表面,得到尺寸可控、稳定的硫普罗宁包覆的金纳米粒子水溶胶.通过控制金与硫普罗宁的摩尔比（Au/S比）,金纳米粒子的尺寸能够在2~8nm范围内得到有效控制.本文中,当Au/S比分别为1：3,1：1和3：1时,所合成的金纳米粒子的尺寸分别为（2.8±0.3）,（4.0±0.3）,（6.1±0.4）nm.     

室温合成硒化银纳米粒子及其X射线光电子能谱表征

在室温下制备了硒化银纳米粒子,本过程选用了新型的还原剂多聚甲醛。所得产物用X射线光电子能谱、X射线粉末衍射和透射电镜进行了表征。     

Effect of heat treatment on hydrogen storage properties and thermal stability of V68Ti20Cr12 alloy

Effect of heat treatment on the crystal structure, microstructure, hydrogen storage properties and thermal stability of V68Ti20Cr12 alloy prepared by arc-melting was studied in this work. It was found that both the as-cast and annealed (973 K/72 h) V68Ti20Cr12 alloys consisted of a single body-centered cubic (bcc) phase. After heat treatment, the hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetic characteristics of the as-cast alloy was improved greatly due to the homogeneous composition and perfect structure. The mechanism of hydrogen absorption/desorption process in the as-cast and annealed alloys was further investigated according to the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA) equation. The hydrogen absorption process of the as-cast and annealed alloys would be controlled by the one-dimensional diffusion process, while the hydrogen desorption process in the as-cast and annealed alloys was dominated by the geometrical contraction model. The pressure-composition-temperature (PCT) measurements show that the plateau pressure of the annealed alloy becomes comparatively flat. Furthermore, the activation energies of the dehydrogenation in the as-cast and annealed alloys were calculated using the Kissinger method, indicating that heat treatment is a very beneficial way to improve hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics of the alloy.     

纳米复合有机相变蓄冷介质分散稳定性的研究

针对有机相变蓄冷介质导热系数低的问题,采用纳米复合技术对空调用相变蓄冷材料HS-1进行了改性研究.通过实验深入研究了表面活性剂、超声时间、最佳超声时间下分散剂质量浓度对分散性的影响以及纳米与非纳米添加剂对分散性的影响.最终确定了纳米TiO2复合有机相变蓄冷介质(TiO2/HS-1)的制备的最佳分散条件.     

Microwave hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of rare-earth stannate nanoparticles

Rare-earth stannate (Ln₂Sn₂O₇ (Ln=Y, La-Lu)) nanocrystals with an average diameter of 50 nm were prepared through a facile microwave hydrothermal method at 200℃ within 60 min. The products were well characterized. The effect of reaction parameters such as temperature, reaction time, pH value, and alkali source on the preparation was investigated. The results revealed that the pH value plays an important role in the formation process of gadolinium stannate (Gd₂Sn₂O₇) nanoparticles. By contrast, the alkali source had no effect on the phase composition or morphology of the final product. Uniform and sphere-like nanoparticles with an average size of approximately 50 nm were obtained at the pH value of 11.5. A possible formation mechanism was briefly proposed. Gd₂Sn₂O₇:Eu3+ nanoparticles displayed strong orange-red emission. Magnetic measurements revealed that Gd₂Sn₂O₇ nanoparticles were paramagnetic. The other rare-earth stannate Ln₂Sn₂O₇ (Ln=Y, La-Lu) nanocrystals were prepared by similar approaches.     

Ag/SiO2复合纳米粒子的超声化学合成

本文中首先利用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)的碱性水解制备了均匀分散的S iO2微球(粒径约70 nm),然后采用超声辐射与红外辐射结合的方法在其表面包覆了一层分布均匀的Ag纳米粒子(粒径约8 nm).研究了实验条件对产物的影响,并通过透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)和红外吸收光谱(FT-IR)对产物的形貌及性质进行了表征.     

绿色化学理念下半微量有机实验的设置

在绿色化学理念指导下,将半微量化实验引入到有机化学实验教学中．实验内容设置上,做到常规实验半微量化．实验过程中,以减少药品用量,选用低毒替代品,重视回收及再利用试剂等方法尽可能实现实验的绿色化．同时,凭借半微量实验中综合性、设计性实验对学生实践能力和创新自主能力进行培养．实践证明,半微量化实验引入到有机化学实验教学,对实现化学实验绿色化,促进学生能力培养效果良好．     

橡胶改性沥青储存稳定性试验研究

制作了普通橡胶沥青和脱硫橡胶沥青,并进行了不同储存温度或不同储存时间条件下2种橡胶改性沥青的稳定性试验.研究表明,脱硫橡胶沥青经高温静态储存后比普通橡胶沥青更易离析.经过高速剪切工艺,大颗粒的脱硫橡胶粒在沥青里大多分散成无明显颗粒的细小物质,其胶粉颗粒大小在2种橡胶沥青的性能比较中不产生影响;而普通橡胶粉剪切后基本保持...     

A facile approach for synthesis of high-stable CdS nanoparticles

Semiconductor nanoparticles have attracted much interest during the past decades in both fundamental researches and technical applications due to their unique size-dependent optical and electronic proper- ties[1]. Specifically, various techniques have bee…     

Dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol by nickel nanoparticles under the acidic conditions

Metal nanoparticles are effective for remediation of contamination with a range of compounds including chlorinated organics.However,the sorption process of the passivation oxide layers on the metal nanoparticle surfaces may result in incomplete degradation of contaminants.This phenomenon can be prevented by an acidic washing procedure or reaction in an acidic medium.In this paper,nickel nanoparticles manufactured via the carbonyl powder process were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.The sorption and degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) by nickel nanoparticles under acidic conditions was then investigated.Transmission electron microscopy and XRD results showed that the nickel nanoparticles range in size from 10 to 20 nm,and a thin passivation layer of NiO is present on the surface.This oxide layer can be removed by pretreatment washing with acidic solutions.It was indicated that dechlorination was the key reaction pathway for degradation of 2,4-DCP by nickel nanoparticles under acidic conditions.The main degradation products were 4-Chlorophenol,2-Chlorophenol,and Phenol,and among these,Phenol was dominant.The acidic medium promoted degradation by providing an appropriate pH,and H+ may be involved in the reaction.Dechlorination of 2,4-DCP by nickel nanoparticles under the acidic condition follows the second order kinetic model,and the rate constants at 298,306,316 K are 0.02,0.2 and 0.3 (g L h)-1,respectively.     

一株产绿色素放线菌的初步鉴定及其色素稳定性的检测

从天祝县抓喜秀龙乡境内采集的西藏沙棘根际土壤中分离得到一株产绿色素放线菌,初步鉴定其为链霉菌属绿色类群链霉菌,其所产色素为一种水溶性色素,该色素在低浓度H2O2存在时稳定性较好,葡萄糖浓度越高,色素的稳定性越差;蔗糖的存在可以增加色素的色度,低浓度的NaCl能使色素绿色加深,而色素在高浓度NaCl存在时比较稳定,还原剂亚硫酸钠对色素有增色作用且比较稳定.色素在中性或碱性条件下绿色加深,长时间放置后无大的变化,色素在40～60℃能够较长时间保持色度不变.金属离子Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+和Fe2+在短时间内能增加色素的色度,且色素在Mn2+存在时性质比较稳定.     

亲油型纳米SiO2的制备及其分散稳定性研究

以硅酸盐为主要原料，通过离子交换制备了纳米SiO2水分散液，研究了原料浓度、表面改性时间、温度、加料方式、改性剂用量等因素对纳米粒子粒径、粒径分布及分散稳定性的影响；该制备方法简便易行，价格便宜，经表面改性后的纳米SiO2粒径小，粒径小，粒径分布窄（φ为8-15nm)，耐酸及耐温性能好，有效解决了纳米SiO2在水相中的稳定分散问题，具有广阔的应用前景。     

硅单质法制备纳米SiO_2及其分散稳定性研究(九)

以硅单质为主要原料 ,碱催化制备硅溶胶 ;在“原位生成”纳米SiO2 的同时 ,采用“原位分散”和“原位表面改性”的方法 ,制备了粒度为 8～ 1 5nm的SiO2 水分散液 .研究了反应时间、温度、介质 pH值、分散剂和表面改性剂等因素对纳米粒子粒径、粒径分布及分散稳定性的影响 ;该制备方法简便易行 ,价格便宜 ,并有效解决了纳米SiO2 在水相中的稳定分散问题 ,具有广阔的应用前景     

溶胶-凝胶自燃合成掺杂纳米二氧化钛的相变

以TiCl4为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶自燃合成的方法制备了同时掺杂Ce3 ,Fe3 ,Zn2 的纳米TiO2粉体.用X光衍射法对粉体的相组成进行了表征.用正交试验研究方法考察了Fe/Ce、(Fe Ce)/Ti、柠檬酸/Ti(物质的量的比)、煅烧温度、煅烧时间等对产物相组成的影响.结果表明,柠檬酸/Ti,煅烧温度,(Fe Ce)/Ti对产物相组成具有显著影响.