机械振动对挤压铸造A356铝合金组织与性能的影响

研究了挤压铸造过程中机械振动对A356铝合金材料显微组织与力学性能的影响规律,并对机械振动击碎枝晶的作用机理进行了阐述。结果表明:施加机械振动能够有效地消除材料缩松缩孔及断面裂纹,减少甚至消除挤压铸造铝合金铸锭的微观孔洞,细化晶粒组织,使得组织更加均匀;挤压铸造凝固初期,机械振动能够在很大程度上破碎二次枝晶臂,增加材料的形核率;试验值与理论值的对比分析表明,Kirkwood模型具有更高的精度;机械振动能够提高材料的力学性能,相较于重力铸造与无振动挤压铸造而言,所得铸件的抗拉强度与延伸率均有一定提高.     

压力成形轮形件的非均质现象

以A356铝合金车轮为例,研究低压铸造、铸旋和挤压铸造3种压力成形工艺下轮形件的组织和性能不均匀现象.结果表明:压力成形轮形件的非均质程度随着压力的提高而减轻,但是非均质的分布随着压力所用方式和压力的高低而变得更加复杂,加压铸造轮形件的晶粒度和力学性能沿径向和纵向都表现出非单调的变化规律;加压成形条件下,显微组织的细化机理包括冷速细化、压力细化和流变细化,细化效果随压力增大而增大;在挤压铸造、铸旋和低压铸造3种工艺中,挤压铸造轮形件的组织和力学性能均匀性最好,低压铸造最差.     

挤压铸造过共晶A390合金的组织与力学性能

以过共晶A390合金为对象,系统研究了挤压铸造成形工艺下挤压压力、浇注温度、热处理工艺参数等对合金显微组织与力学性能的影响.实验结果表明,A390合金挤压铸造铸态组织初晶硅的尺寸保持在20～30μm左右.且挤压压力增大能提高铸件的致密性并细化共晶组织;而较低的浇注温度则可以获得较细小的初生α相.热处理使共晶组织进一步细化,并显著提高铸件的力学性能.经优化的T6热处理参数为490℃×8 h 180℃×8 h,铸件本体试样的平均抗拉强度和布氏硬度分别达到334 MPa和141.     

超声振动工艺下微量Sc对A380合金组织性能的影响

在超声振动工艺下加入质量分数为0~0.5%的稀土Sc对A380合金进行变质处理,以研究稀土Sc对A380合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:在超声振动工艺下,加入微量Sc可以使A380合金微观组织中的初生α相显著细化,由粗大的树枝晶变为细小、无定向的枝晶,并且形态变得圆整,出现大量蔷薇状和颗粒状的α相;当Sc加入量为0.3%时,对α相的细化效果最理想;同时,超声振动工艺下微量Sc还使A380合金微观组织中的共晶Si和Al3Fe Si2相尺寸显著减小,由粗大的针状变为蠕虫状和点状;加入0.3%Sc的A380合金,其铸态下抗拉强度为314 MPa,屈服强度为223 MPa,伸长率为3.7%,勃氏硬度为109,此时,晶粒粒度最小,约为31μm,形状因子最大,为0.75。     

低频电磁铸造7050铝合金的组织与性能

采用新型低频电磁铸造技术制备了7050铝合金120 mm铸锭,研究了低频电磁场对铸锭组织和性能的影响.并对比研究了常规DC铸造和低频电磁铸造铸锭挤压和热处理后的组织与性能.结果表明,低频电磁铸造显著细化晶粒组织,并使组织分布均匀,改善铸锭的铸态力学性能.固溶并时效处理后,常规DC铸锭挤压棒材抗拉强度达到676.5 MPa,延伸率达到11.2%;低频电磁铸锭挤压棒材抗拉强度略有提高,达到677.5 MPa,延伸率提高较大,达到13.2%.低频电磁铸造对7050铝合金挤压棒材最终抗拉强度影响不大,但能够显著提高延伸率.     

超声振动下Sr对A380合金组织性能的影响

超声振动作用下,添加质量分数(w(Sr))为0~0.25%的Sr,对A380合金进行变质处理,以研究Sr和超声振动对A380合金微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:加入Sr与超声振动使A380合金组织显著细化,树枝晶α-Al由粗大变为细小、呈球状,共晶Si相也由粗大针状变为蠕虫状、点状和纤维状;w(Sr)=0.15%时,对组织的细化效果最理想.只添加w(Sr)=0.15%的Sr时,A380合金铸态下抗拉强度(σ_b)、屈服强度(σ_(0.2))、伸长率(EL)和硬度分别为305 MPa,219 MPa,3.78%和106 BHN;w(Sr)=0.15%,且有超声振动作用时,σ_b,σ_(0.2),EL和硬度分别为318 MPa,227MPa,3.99%和108 BHN,此时晶粒尺寸最小,约为42μm,形状因子最大,为0.71.     

EPSC-VL法铸造A356合金拉伸性能及断口分析

借助光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及X射线衍射(XRD)等分析手段研究了真空低压消失模壳型铸造(EPSC-VL) A356铸态和T6态铝合金的微观组织特征和拉伸性能,并对拉伸断口进行了分析.试验结果表明:真空低压消失模壳型铸造A356铝合金组织主要由α A1初生相、共晶硅和Mg2Si相组成,T6热处理后共晶硅边角更加圆润,均匀分布于晶界,热处理后共晶硅长宽比减小.T6热处理后真空低压消失模壳型铸造A356铝合金抗拉强度、延伸率、布氏硬度均明显提高.真空低压消失模壳型铸造A356铝合金经T6热处理后,其二次枝晶臂间距和共晶硅尺寸较小,致使胞界不连续,硅粒子的开裂优先出现在晶界处,最终呈现出晶间断裂的模式,其拉伸断口呈现明显的韧窝形貌.     

微量Fe、Ni和Ti复合对Al-20Si合金微观组织及其性能的影响

Fe、Ni和Ti元素以AlFeNiTi中间合金的形式添加,AlFeNiTi中间合金（原子比1∶1∶1∶1）通过真空电弧熔炼炉进行熔配,研究中间合金添加量（0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%,质量分数）对Al-20Si合金中Si相、α-Al和力学性能的影响．结果表明：当Al-20Si合金中添加2.0%AlFeNiTi中间合金时,初生Si的形貌由粗大不规则块状和五瓣星状变质为细小规则的块状,其平均尺寸从未变质时的91μm减小到40μm,减小56.1%;共晶Si形貌从粗大的针片状变质为边缘钝化的细小粒状,而且α-Al的二次枝晶显著减小,形貌由粗大树枝晶细化为蔷薇状组织．合金的抗拉强度由129 MPa（未变质合金）增加到182 MPa(2.0%AlFeNiTi变质),增加了41.1%,延伸率由0.8%提高到1.43%,提高了78.7%.     

反重力铸造结晶增压压力对ZL114合金缺陷的影响

反重力铸造以其优良的铸造性能广泛应用于航空航天复杂铸件中,但是其缺陷经常对其使用性能造成影响,试验使用多功能反重力铸造设备系统地研究了关键参数结晶增压压力对合金缩孔、力学性能、致密度以及晶粒度和一次、二次枝晶间距的影响,发现增压压力能显著的提高合金的质量,减少缩孔缩松率,细化晶粒,但是变化关系并不呈现线性变化关系.     

间接挤压铸造Al-Cu-Mn支架的工艺及性能

为满足大型支架“以铝代铁”的轻量化要求,设计了铝合金支架间接挤压铸造系统,完成了相应的数值模拟及工艺设计,并制作了相应的模具.采用Al-Cu-Mn合金材料,对支架进行了间接挤压铸造试制,分析了试制铸件缺陷形成的原因,并对T5热处理后的支架进行了力学性能和微观组织分析.结果表明:采取缩短循环时间、减少脱模剂水分等工艺改进措施,可以消除间接挤压铸造件的气孔和夹渣缺陷,获得质量良好的铸件;支架铸件各部位的平均抗拉强度和伸长率分别达388 MPa和8.7%,且力学性能分布较均匀;铸件微观组织致密,晶粒细化,晶粒尺寸小于0.08 mm,说明了所设计的间接挤压铸造系统和所选用的工艺参数的合理性.     

楔压加工对Al-20Si合金铸造管坯组织性能的影响

为了消除铸造铝硅合金中的孔洞、疏松等缺陷,改善合金组织,提高合金性能,采用基于多道次局部小变形累积致整体成型的楔形压制工艺,对通过重力铸造方法制备出直径为Φ328mm的AI-Si管坯,进行楔形压制.通过金相组织、室温拉伸、布氏硬度和SEM等手段,研究了楔形压制的规律及合金的组织与性能的演变.结果表明:管坯中的孔洞显著闭...     

Effect of Ce addition on microstructures and mechanical properties of A380 aluminum alloy prepared by squeeze-casting

The effect of cerium (Ce) addition on the eutectic Si, β-Al₅FeSi phase, and the tensile properties of A380 alloy specimens prepared by squeeze-casting were studied by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The experimental results showed that Ce more effectively modified the eutectic Si and refined the β-Al₅FeSi. The refinement effect significantly increased under a specific pressure of 100 MPa with the addition of Ce from 0.1wt% to 0.9wt%. In contrast, the average length and the aspect ratio of the eutectic Si and β-Al₅FeSi exhibited their optimal values when the content of the added Ce was greater than 0.5wt%. Needle-like Al8Cu4Ce was precipitated with the addition of excessive Ce; hence, the mechanical properties of A380 gradually decreased with increasing Ce content in the range from 0.3wt% to 0.9wt%.     

挤压铸造对ZL201性能组织的影响

以铸造铝合金ZL201为研究对象,系统研究了挤压铸造成形工艺条件下,挤压压力、浇注温度、模具温度等工艺参数对合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,ZL201的挤压铸造组织细密均匀,且随着挤压压力的增大,铸件的组织越加细密;结合实验结果,确定了ZL201合适的挤压工艺参数：浇注温度750℃、挤压压力60MPa、模具温度保持在250℃左右。在合适的工艺条件下,铸件的组织和性能良好,经过T4热处理后,铸件本体试样的抗拉强度和延伸率可以达到310MPa和9.27%。     

生物医用Zn-5Al合金的微观组织与性能

研究了生物医用Zn-5Al合金的微观组织结构演化,探讨了其组织对力学性能的影响.对铸态、均匀化处理和轧制态Zn-5Al合金的微观组织进行了表征,分析了合金的相组成,测试了轧制态Zn-5Al合金的力学性能.结果表明:铸态与均匀化处理后的Zn-5Al合金的相组成均主要为η-Zn相和α-Al相,铸态合金组织片层间距约为300nm.均匀化处理过程中发生了共析反应,合金中的α-Al相由铸态的长条形演变为球形共晶组织.经过总变形率85%的热轧变形后,Zn-5Al合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为98MPa和130MPa,断裂延伸率达到74%.     

Effect of rheo-diecast process on the mechanical properties of A390 alloy by serpentine channel

In this paper, the effects of rheo-diecast process parameters and T6 heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the rheo-diecasting (RDC) semi-solid A390 alloy prepared through pure copper serpentine channel were investigated. The results indicate that the mechanical properties of the RDC samples change with the pouring temperature and injection pressure. In this case, a lower pouring temperature results in better tensile strength and elongation of the RDC A390 alloy; however, the tensile strength and elongation decrease when the pouring temperature decreases to 660°C. Higher injection pressures result in the improved mechanical properties of the RDC A390 alloy. To some extent, T6 heat treatment improves the tensile strength and ductility of the RDC A390 alloy compared to those of the non-heat treated alloy. However, when the pouring temperature and injection pressure are greater than 670°C and 70 MPa, respectively, the mechanical properties are sharply diminished.     

Al-Ti-C-B中间合金对高铝锌基合金组织和性能的影响

研究了Al-6.53Ti-0.3C-0.46B中间合金（Ti:C＞4:1）对高铝锌基合金的组织和性能的影响,结果表明,加入适量的中间合金可显著细化合金的显微组织,初生富铝α相从粗大的树枝晶转变为细小均匀等轴晶,等轴晶尺寸30~50 μm。砂型铸造条件下,合金的伸长率从1.7%提高到10.0%,拉伸强度在410 MPa左右。金属型铸造条件下, 合金的伸长率从1.0%提高到16.0%,拉伸强度约407 MPa。尽管组织显著细化,但拉伸强度并没有显著增加。高铝锌基合金组织细化的机理主要通过加入Al-Ti-C-B中间合金增加了异质形核质点。     

Effects of Sr addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of in-situ ZrB_2 nanoparticles reinforced AlSi9Cu3 composites

The effects of Sr addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of in-situ ZrB_2 nanoparticles reinforced AlSi9Cu3 composites synthesized via direct melt reaction were systematically investigated. The addition of Sr could modify the morphology of eutectic silicon particles and refine the second dendrite arm spacing of α-Al dendrites.Alternatively, the ZrB_2 nanoparticles were also refined and distributed more homogenously, and nanoparticle agglomerations were reduced with the addition of Sr element. The results demonstrated that the addition of 0.06 wt% of Sr element can reach the optimal refinement of the second dendrite arm spacing of α-Al and the modification of eutectic Si. In this case, the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation reached 330 MPa, 226 MPa and 15.70%, respectively, which were remarkably enhancement in comparison with the base alloy.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of the micrograined hypoeutectic Zn–Mg alloy

A biodegradable Zn alloy, Zn–1.6Mg, with the potential medical applications as a promising coating material for steel components was studied in this work. The alloy was prepared by three different procedures: gravity casting, hot extrusion, and a combination of rapid solidification and hot extrusion. The samples prepared were characterized by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Vickers hardness, tensile, and compressive tests were performed to determine the samples’ mechanical properties. Structural examination reveals that the average grain sizes of samples prepared by gravity casting, hot extrusion, and rapid solidification followed by hot extrusion are 35.0, 9.7, and 2.1 μm, respectively. The micrograined sample with the finest grain size exhibits the highest hardness (Hv = 122 MPa), compressive yield strength (382 MPa), tensile yield strength (332 MPa), ultimate tensile strength (370 MPa), and elongation (9%). This sample also demonstrates the lowest work hardening in tension and temporary softening in compression among the prepared samples. The mechanical behavior of the samples is discussed in relation to the structural characteristics, Hall–Petch relationship, and deformation mechanisms in fine-grained hexagonal-close-packed metals.