新疆巴里坤湖 9.0cal.ka BP来沉积物地球化学元素分布特征与古气候环境演化

根据中国西北干旱区巴里坤湖BLK-1剖面沉积物的地化元素分析,采用SPSS因子分析法提取了对沉积环境变化敏感的地化元素和氧化物组分. 在 R、Q 型因子分析的基础上,结合沉积物的硅铁铝率（SiO2/（Al2O3+Fe2O3））、淋失系数（SiO2/（MgO+K2O））、CaO/MgO以及腐殖化度等指标,提取出古气候环境信息. 初步研究结果表明:近9.0cal ka BP以来,巴里坤湖地区气候环境仍以干旱化为主,全新世期间出现过多次不同程度的干湿变化,经历了5个气候阶段:9.0～7.5cal kaBP期间,气候干旱;7.5～5.8cal kaBP期间,气候温暖湿润,为研究区全新世最佳适宜期;5.8～3.0cal kaBP期间,气候干旱;3.0～1.0cal kaBP期间,气候湿润;1.0～0cal kaBP期间,气候干旱.     

西藏羊八井七弄沟泥炭剖面地球化学特征及环境意义

泥炭沉积物蕴藏着丰富的区域环境演变信息,本文通过分析西藏羊八井七弄沟泥炭剖面特征元素比值(Fe/Mn,Ba/Sr,K_2O/Na_2O)变化特征,结合剖面腐殖化度和汞含量记录的研究结果,发现西藏羊八井泥炭沉积物中特征元素比值可以指示沉积环境的干湿变化.依据元素地球化学记录,西藏羊八井地区的沉积环境划分为9.1～7.6 cal ka BP温度波动上升阶段,沉积环境较湿润;7.6～4.5 cal ka BP温度剧烈波动阶段,沉积环境逐渐干旱;4.5～3.5 cal ka BP温度波动下降阶段,沉积环境变得暖湿.其中共记录4次沉积环境变干,时间分别为5.8、6.1、8.2以及8.8～8.5 cal ka BP左右,与局部乃至全球的气候变化记录存在良好的对应关系.     

青藏邛多江盆地40.4~30.0 cal ka BP湖相沉积物粒度特征及其古气候意义

对青藏邛多江盆地一段连续沉积剖面4个湖相沉积物样品进行AMS14C测年,得到此剖面的顶底年龄分别为30.0 cal ka BP和40.4 cal ka BP。并分析沉积物粒度的平均粒径(M_z)、中值粒径(M_d)、标准偏差(σ_1)、分选系数、频率分布曲线等,将研究区的古气候演变划分为5个阶段:阶段Ⅰ(40.4~38.5 cal ka BP)气候湿润期、阶段Ⅱ(38.5~35.4 cal ka BP)气候干旱期、阶段Ⅲ(35.4~32.4 cal ka BP)气候湿润期、阶段Ⅳ(32.4~31.7 cal ka BP)气候动荡期、阶段Ⅴ(31.7~30.0 cal ka BP)气候转干期。对比发现,粒度曲线与格陵兰冰芯氧同位素曲线有较好的响应,而且发现40.4~30.0 cal ka BP时期邛多江盆地有两次显著的气候事件:39.4 cal ka BP短暂干旱事件和35 cal ka BP强降水事件,而粒度均值曲线与格陵兰冰芯氧同位素曲线的差异,可能与特强夏季风有关。     

新疆巴里坤湖全新世湖泊沉积物稳定氮同位素的气候与环境意义研究

选择位于西风环流显著影响的新疆巴里坤湖作为研究对象,结合对位于湖心部位的人工开挖剖面的多指标包括有机碳同位素（δ13C）、有机质含量（OM）和碳氮比（C/N）的对比分析和验证,发现该湖泊沉积物的δ15N记录较好地响应了过去9400年以来气候环境的变化,依据其波动变化特征,可以划分出以下阶段:9 400~7 300 cal. a BP期间,δ15N值偏低且剧烈波动,暗示了气候状况较为干旱且不稳定;7 300~5 900 cal. a BP期间,δ15N值偏高,指示气候相对湿润;5 900~3 100 cal. a BP期间,δ15N由相对高值降为低值,指示气候环境由湿转干;3 100~1 100 cal. a BP期间,δ15N总体呈现相对高值,但后期呈下降趋势,指示了此阶段中气候特征由相对湿润转向干旱;但在1100~0 cal. a BP期间偏高的δ15N值,则可能受到了增强的人类活动的影响．本研究表明,巴里坤湖沉积物δ15N记录对于恢复研究区全新世气候与环境变化的特征与历史等方面具有较好的应用潜力和前景．     

汉江上游归仙河口剖面地球化学特性及其意义

对汉江上游谷地归仙河口剖面的常量元素分布进行研究,结果显示:归仙河口剖面风成黄土的化学成分以SiO2、Al2O3和Fe2O3为主,Ca、Na、Mg、Si相对于K表现为迁移淋失,Fe、Al相对富集,元素的活动性及迁移序列为CaNaMgSiKAlFe,Ca、Na、K的迁移特征说明其达到中等风化阶段.化学蚀变指数、K2O/Na2O、SiO2/Al2O3、(CaO+K2O+Na2O)/Al2O3和(Al2O3+Fe2O3)/(MgO+CaO+Na2O)等地球化学参数,说明古土壤S0形成时期的化学风化最强烈,黄土L1、Lt和L0形成时期的风化作用相对较弱;揭示汉江一级阶地抬升(18.0ka B.P.前后)以来气候干冷,11.5ka B.P.开始气候转向暖湿,8.5ka B.P.开始气候最为暖湿,3.0ka B.P.开始气候骤然恶化;并记录到4次洪水事件,分别发生在12.5~12.4ka B.P.、7.5~7.0ka B.P.、3.1~3.0ka B.P.和1.0~0.9ka B.P.期间.     

豫西渑池盆地沉积剖面粒度特征及其环境意义

渑池盆地是黄河中游的一处峡谷,周边的黄河两岸是中华民族的重要发祥地之一.研究盆地区全新世以来的环境变化过程对新石器时代人类文明的研究具有重要意义.本文通过对渑池盆地池底村古湖泊沉积进行剖面观察、连续采样、14C年代测定(校正为日历年龄)和粒度组成分析,发现剖面沉积物的粒度特征较好地反映了渑池盆地的古气候和古湖泊水位变化情况.剖面粒度组成和粒度参数等变化特征揭示,渑池盆地末次冰盛期以来古湖盆流域的气候环境演化序列为:19 543～8 039 cal.a BP期间,早期对应于末次冰期,气候比较干燥,古湖泊尚未形成,进入全新世气候由干冷向暖湿化方向转变,古湖泊开始形成;8 039～3 473 cal.a BP期间,气候环境处在一个相对比较稳定的时期,此阶段相当于全新世大暖期,气候温暖湿润,湖泊水位最高;3 473～2 897 cal.a BP期问,气候波动剧烈,总体上气候较前一段干旱,湖泊水位下降;2 897～2 422 cal.a BP期间,气候干旱,古湖泊干涸.渑池盆地的环境变化过程与周边地区有较好的对应性.     

云南小中甸盆地地球化学特征及其环境意义

通过对云南小中甸盆地湖相沉积物地球化学元素特征及其相关元素比值的分析,结合14C年代测定,重建了小中甸盆地40cal.ka BP以来的环境变化过程.研究发现:小中甸湖相沉积物中氧化物含量表现出SiO2Al2O3Fe2O3CaOMgOK2OTiO2Na2O的特征,Na2O/Al2O3值分布范围较为集中,且相对于上地壳有较明显的亏损.小中甸沉积物地球化学记录了多次湖泊水位波动,以及千年尺度的气候变化过程,其表现为暖干-冷湿-暖干的变化特征,并指示了40cal.ka BP以来西南季风演化的历史,其研究结果可与中甸纳帕海和鹤庆盆地进行对比.对云南小中甸盆地湖相沉积物地球化学的研究有助于重建西南季风的演化过程以及区域环境气候与全球变化耦合机制的进一步探究.     

西风区湖泊沉积物中砷元素对气候环境变化的响应研究——以新疆巴里坤湖为例

巴里坤湖是我国西风区古气候环境演变研究的理想区域.根据BLK-1剖面多指标建立了巴里坤湖9 000 cal a BP以来的时间序列,了解其气候演变的过程.结合巴里坤湖古气候演变及砷元素含量的波动变化,发现砷元素变化响应气候环境的演变:气候冷干时期,砷含量较多;而暖湿时期则相对少.此外,砷含量的变化很好地指示了全新世的气候突变事件.巴里坤湖沉积物中砷元素主要来源于湖泊周边基岩受物理风化产生的碎屑,并经由风力带入湖中沉积.干旱的气候环境下,砷的沉积速率较湿润期变化明显.研究结果表明,砷对于我国西风区的古气候环境演变及气候突变事件具有指示作用;砷沉积速率的突变表明在干旱气候环境条件下,砷可能比其他元素更为敏感.不同气候环境下砷元素的来源及波动,也为砷污染的防治提供参考.     

鄂西七姊妹山泥炭藓湿地沉积物粒度特征及其环境意义探讨

以鄂西七姊妹山泥炭藓湿地QZMS钻孔沉积物为研究对象,通过AMS14C测年、岩性特征与沉积物粒度综合分析,探讨了鄂西南山地13 000 cal. a BP以来的沉积环境变迁.研究结果显示：QZMS钻孔沉积物粒度组成主要以细粉砂和中粉砂为主,频率分布曲线均为单峰分布,由下至上,峰度由宽到窄,偏度从近于对称到正偏,揭示了搬运动力和沉积环境的演变过程;综合分析结果表明研究区沉积环境演化可分为4个阶段：1) 12.9～11.6 cal. ka BP,气候波动频率高,但幅度较小,水动力条件相对较弱;2) 11.6～10.2 cal. ka BP为晚更新世向全新世的过渡阶段,水动力条件持续较弱,环境相对稳定;3) 10.2～7.7 cal. ka BP早全新世,气候变得暖湿,水动力条件较前一阶段有所增强,泥炭藓湿地开始形成;4) 7.7～2.0 cal. ka BP气候暖湿,水动力条件达到最强,峰度和偏度波动频率低,但幅度增大,为沼泽湿地环境.研究表明七姊妹山泥炭藓湿地沉积物的粒度粗细与区域内水文条件和物源的变化密切相关,借助粒度组成和参数特征,可反演该区域的沉积环境演变,揭示泥炭藓湿地发育形成的过程,为该地区泥炭藓湿地的保护和气候环境变化研究提供科学参考.     

江淮东部平原晚更新世末植被演替及气候变化

在对位于江淮东部平原的江苏兴化蒋家舍地层剖面进行野外考察采样、AMS14 C年代测定和孢粉分析的基础上,初步探讨了研究区晚更新世末的植被演替及气候变化.结果表明:1)27.9-13.5cal.ka BP,剖面中孢粉含量高,植物的科属也丰富.其中,27.9-26.7cal.ka BP、14.5-14.2 cal.ka BP时段研究区植被为针阔叶混交林,反映气候温暖较湿润,而26.7-14.5 cal.ka BP期间地层出现沉积间断,气候寒冷干燥;14.2-13.5 cal.ka BP时段草本植物含量较高,总体为针阔叶混交林草原植被,气候温凉稍干.2)13.5-12.6cal.ka BP,剖面中孢粉含量较低,植物的科属也较贫乏,木本植物所占百分比较低,草本植物花粉含量相对较高.其中,13.5-12.8 cal.ka BP为覆盖度趋低的针阔叶混交林或草原植被,气候向干冷发展,12.8-12.6 cal.ka BP时段为针阔叶混交林植被,木本植物含量有所上升,反映气候稍暖湿.3)针叶乔木松属花粉和蕨类植物水蕨科植物孢子在剖面中自下而上均有不同程度的分布,常绿阔叶和落叶阔叶类出现率较低,这种现象跟当地现代植被的植物组合略有差异.     

田洋玛珥湖中更新世以来磁化率特征及其环境意义

 对雷州半岛东南部的田洋玛珥湖TYC孔前40 m岩芯进行了研究,结果表明,磁化率与孢粉有很好的对应关系,因而磁化率值的高低变化能够作为该区气候环境变化的替代指标。沉积物磁化率与气候变化的关系为：磁化率的低值与气候暖湿对应;磁化率的高值则与气候寒冷或温凉相对应。中更新世以来,田洋玛珥湖气候环境演化经历了9个不同的阶段：346~301.4 kaBP,气候相对暖湿。301.4~248.8 kaBP,气候寒冷干燥。248.8~188.8 kaBP,气候相对暖湿。188.8~125.2 kaBP,气候寒冷干燥。125.2~69.3 kaBP,气候较为暖湿。69.3~40.43 kaBP,气候偏凉。40.43~25.5 kaBP,气候偏凉但较上阶段温度低,此时玛珥湖呈现出沼泽化过渡阶段。25.5~10.8 kaBP,气候寒冷干燥,玛珥湖干枯成为干玛珥湖。10.8 kaBP以来,由于后期人类活动对玛珥湖的改造,致使磁化率值不断升高。     

Hydrologic and climatic implications of a multi－disciplinary study of the mid to late Holocene Lake Eastern Juyanze

A mid to late Holocene exposure in a recently desiccated lake basin in western Inner Mongolia was inves-tigated with regard to palaeoenvir onmental changes and theoverall climatic conditions in NW China between 2.7 and 5.4 cal. ka BP. High lake levels of Lake Eastern Juyanze were recorded by ostracod assemblages, shell geochemistry and sedimentology between 5.1 and 4.1 cal. ka BP. Relatively bumid conditions and a relatively strong influence of the Asian monsoon are indicated by palynological data for the corresponding period. Lake levels decreased afterwards and short-term regressive events occurred at about 4.1, 3.8 and 3.4 cal. ka BP. The overall trend towards lower lake levels culminated in repeated episodes of desiccation of Lake East-ern Juyanze between 3.2 and 2.9 cal. ka BP, in phase with very arid conditions inferred from the palynological record.Individual regressive events as well as the rapid environ-mental fluctuations of Lake Eastern Juyanze at about 3.0 cal.ka BP were regarded as driven by mid to late Holocene summer monsoon fluctuations, supported by the Dunde ice core record.     

Environmental changes during early-middle Holocene from the sediment record of the Chaohu Lake,Anhui Province

A typical lake sediment core is obtained from the Chaohu Lake in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,Anhui Province,China.The timing scale is constrained by AMS 14 C dating method.Climate proxies such as pollen and grain size in the core are analyzed to reconstruct the environment changes at this site approximately between 9870 and 2170 cal.a BP.The results indicate that at the research area, the climate in the early-middle Holocene had evolved through 3 stages.From 9870 to 6040 cal.a BP, proxy records show a warm and dry climate with low water levels after the late-glacial period.During this stage,cool and dry events occurred at about 8910 and 6060-6030 cal.a BP.Then,between 6040 and 4860 cal.a BP,the climate was humid and vegetation was more flourishing in the Chaohu Lake Valley.The Holocene Optimum occurred at 5840-5500 cal.a BP in the Chaohu Lake,showing the best condition of water and heat.Elm Decline occurred at the period of 5380-4930 cal.a BP.Since 4860 cal.a BP,the climate was warm and dry through 2170 cal.a BP as shown in both pollen spectrum and grain-size histories.Two obvious dry events occurred in 3760 and 2170 cal.a BP,respectively.At 2170 cal.a BP,the water level of the Chaohu Lake reached the lowest as the lakebed possibly exposed. Such lake sediment observations are consistent with the historical records in this area.     

Holocene climatic and environmental changes recorded in Baahar Nuur Lake core in the Ordos Plateau, Inner Mongolia of China

A 5.3 m lake core was drilled in Baahar Nuur Lake in the Ordos Plateau, and measurements of meangrain size, organic δ 13C (δ 13Corg), organic carbon content (TOC), C/N, carbonate content, carbonate δ 13C(δ 13Ccar) and δ 18O (δ 18Ocar) were conducted for retrieving the Holocene chronosequence of climaticchanges based on 15 AMS 14C dates. The record documented four major stages of climate change inthe Ordos Plateau: (IV) a cold and dry condition before ～7.65 14C ka BP; (III) a warm and humid stagebetween ～7.65 and ～5.40 ka BP; (II) a generally drier and cooler climate since ～5.40 ka BP with twohumid events occurring from ～4.70 to ～4.60 ka BP and from ～4.20 to ～3.70 ka BP, and (I) a dry climatecharacterized by complete desiccation of the lake after 3.70 ka BP. Stage III can be further divided intothree sub-stages: (IIIa) a warm and humid episode from ～7.65 to ～6.70 ka BP, (IIIb) a warm and relativelydry episode from ～6.70 to ～6.20 ka BP, and (IIIc) the magthermal and maghumid episode of the Holo-cene from ～6.20 to ～5.40 ka BP.     

A high-resolution climatic chanse since Holocene inferred from multi-proxy of lake sediment in westerly area of China

Multi-proxy data are presented and a discuss is made of paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental changes during Holocene from a 225-cm-long sediment core from Wulungu Lake, located in westerly area of China. The chronology is constructed from six AMS radiocarbon dates on the bulk organic matter. Analyses of pollen, TOC, TN, δ^13Corg, ostracod assemblages and the shell stable isotopes, suggest Holocene climate pattern as follows： temperate and dry （10.0-7.6 cal. ka BP） -warm and wet （7.6-5.3 cal. ka BP） -warm and moist （5.3-3.6 cal. ka BP） -temperate and dry （3.6-2.1 cal. ka BP）-temperate and moist （2.1-1.3 cal. ka BP） -cool and dry （1.3 cal. ka BP-present）. With the climatic change, Wulungu Lake experienced two large-scale retreat （5.3-3.6 cal. ka BP and 1.3 cal. ka BP-present） and an obvious transgression （7.6-5.3 cal. ka BP）. The records of climatic and environmental evolution of Wulungu Lake were in good accordance with those of adjacent areas. It responded to regional environmental change, global abrupt climate events and followed the westerly climate change mode.     

Southwest monsoon changes indicated by oxygen isotope of ostracode shells from sediments in Qinghai Lake since the late Glacial

The δ 18O records of ostracode shells in sediments of core QH-2000 from Qinghai Lake can be used as a better proxy to reflect monsoon changes. Low monsoon precipitation between 17.5 and 11 cal. ka BP is indicated by positive δ 18O values averaging 2.37‰. A fast shift in δ 18O from positive at 11 cal. ka BP to negative at 10 cal. ka BP indicates sharp increase of monsoon precipitation. An interval of generally high monsoon precipitation is observed between 10 and 6 cal. ka BP with δ 18O values averaging -2.15‰. Decrease of monsoon precipitation between 6 and 2.5 cal. ka BP is indicated by positive δ 18O values. δ 18O keeps positive values averaging 3.0‰ between 2.5 and 0 cal. ka BP suggesting low high monsoon precipitation. The climatic changes indicated by δ 18O records of ostracode shells in sedi- ments of core QH-2000 from Qinghai Lake and our broader regional comparison show that the climate in Qinghai Lake since the late Glacial is probably controlled by southwest monsoon other than southeast monsoon.     

Pollen records of Holocene vegetation and climate changes in the Longzhong Basin of the Chinese Loess Plateau

Pollen records with an average time resolution of 20-200 years from Holocene loess sections at Dingxi, Qin'an, and other localities of Gansu Province reveal a detailed history of vegetation and climate changes in the western Loess Plateau. For most time of the Holocene, the landscape was dominated by grasslands or forest steppes. However, during the middle Holocene (7.5-5.8 ka BP), relatively dense forests developed, and the endemic vegetation flourished, suggesting a much warmer and more humid climate condition than the present. Superimposed upon this general pattern are several dry intervals marked by the episodic expansion of grasslands or forest steppe. Xeric vegetation expanded after 3.8 ka BP, indicating a trend towards dry conditions.     

Vegetation and climate changes during the last 8660 cal. a BP in central Mongolia, based on a high-resolution pollen record from Lake Ugii Nuur

Based on modern pollen studies and reliable chronology of nine AMS 14C dates, a detailed history of vegetation and climate changes during the past 8660 cal. a BP was reconstructed by a high-resolution pollen record from Ugii Nuur in central Mongolia. Poaceae-steppe dominated the study area and the climate was mild and semi-humid before 7800 cal. a BP with a noticeable cool and humid interval at 8350―8250 cal. a BP. Xerophytic plant increased and the climate became warm and dry gradually since 7800 cal. a BP...     

High-resolution climate evolution derived from the sediment records of Erlongwan Maar Lake since 14 ka BP

Varve counts with AMS 14 C,137 Cs and 210 Pb dating of sediments(0-900 cm) from Erlongwan Maar Lake,NE China were used to establish a high-resolution chronology series for the late Quaternary.Dry density,total organic carbon(TOC) content,total nitrogen(TN) content,TOC/TN ratios and stable organic carbon isotope(13 C org) ratios were continuously analyzed on this sediment profile.On the basis of lithological characters,sporo-pollen assemblages and geochemical analyses,we identified 6 climate stages within the last 14 ka BP.The time before the Holocene(14-11.4 ka BP) represents a higher-order oscillation climatic transitional period(I).The entire Holocene climate development(from 11.4 ka BP to present) exhibited an increasing temperature trend,although there were cold and warm alternations(II-VI).The periods included were:II(11.4-9.05 ka BP) warm-wet stage,III(9.05-7.4 ka BP) cold and warm fluctuation stage,IV(7.4-4.2 ka BP) smoothly warming climate stage,V(4.2-1.67 ka BP) climate optimum stage,and VI(from 1.67 ka BP to present) cool and drier stage.Each climate stage began with a warming event and ended with an abrupt cooling event.This climate change cycle had unequal time spaces that were progressively shorter over time.Several abrupt climate shifts occurred at about 9.4-9.05,8.5-8.2,7.8-7.4,4.6-4.2,3.7-3.25,2-1.67 and 0.3-0.03 ka BP.Thus,it can be seen that the climate has been warming since 1920 AD,which indicates a new climate stage.