疏水缔合聚合物的流度控制能力研究

通过研究具有缔合能力的疏水缔合聚合物和无缔合能力的线性高分子流度控制能力,认识到：在高渗透多孔介质中,高钙、镁矿化度水质条件下,低分子量高缔合力的疏水缔合聚合物溶液的流度控制能力比高分子量无缔合能力的聚合物强;在经过机械剪切和多孔介质剪切后,低分子量高缔合力的疏水缔合聚合物建立的阻力系数与线性高分子相当,但低分子量高缔合力的疏水缔合聚合物建立的残余阻力系数较高,能够较好地实现提高高渗透油藏水驱波及体积的目的。低分子量高缔合力的聚合物溶液在高钙、镁矿化度水质条件下,较强缔合作用形成的溶液结构适合渤海油田大排量、高渗透多孔介质条件下的流度控制。为海上油田聚合物驱的发展提供理论技术支持。     

海上稠油聚合物驱关键技术研究与矿场试验

在深入分析海上稠油聚合物驱提高采收率的难点与挑战的基础上,通过近10年的攻关和矿场试验,研制出适合海上稠油油藏条件的驱替液技术、平台聚合物配注技术、海上稠油含聚采出液处理技术及早期注聚效果评价等一系列技术,初步形成了海上油田聚合物驱油技术体系,并在渤海绥中36-1、旅大10-1及锦州9-3等3个油田进行了不同规模的现场试验,取得了明显的增油降水效果。证明了聚合物驱提高采收率技术在海上稠油油田应用的技术可行性和经济有效性,为海上油田高效开发探索出了一条崭新的道路,具有广阔的应用前景。     

疏水缔合聚合物驱油数学模型

为了研究疏水缔合聚合物驱油规律和动态,建立了疏水缔合聚合物驱油数学模型。根据室内对疏水缔合聚合物溶液结构的研究成果,采用聚合物线形体和聚合物聚集体共同描述疏水缔合聚合物溶液在多孔介质中的性质变化和渗流特性,同时考虑了疏水缔合聚合物溶液在不同孔渗条件下水相相对渗透率降低能力、不可入孔隙体积系数的变化、吸附滞留与建立流动阻力的关系等物化问题。利用模型对岩芯驱油实验结果进行了拟合,数值模拟结果与实际岩芯驱油结果基本一致。表明该模型能够有效描述疏水缔合聚合物溶液的驱油动态,为疏水缔合聚合物驱的理论研究和现场分析提供了研究方法。     

缔合程度对疏水缔合聚合物增黏性和抗剪切性影响研究

渤海油田具有原油黏度高、储层厚度大、平均渗透率高和非均质性严重等特点,水驱采收率低。疏水聚合物驱广泛用于海上油田的"稳油控水"。为了进一步探索疏水缔合聚合物增黏机理,针对渤海油田储层特征和流体性质,开展疏水缔合聚合物缔合行为及其影响因素研究。结果表明,β-环糊精可以包裹疏水缔合聚合物分子链上疏水基团,调节聚合物分子链上疏水基团间的缔合程度,进而降低聚合物分子线团尺寸和溶液黏度。与缔合黏度相比较,岩心孔隙剪切作用对本体黏度影响较小。岩心孔隙对疏水缔合聚合物溶液具有较强的剪切作用,造成黏度保留率大幅度降低,并且聚合物浓度愈高,黏度保留率愈小。     

基于相对振动能量的转轴运行状态诊断

定性分析了输油泵机组转轴的运行状态与两端相对振动能量的关系曲线近似服从浴盆曲线,但比浴盆曲线多出一个拐点。利用了多测点、多通道轴心轨迹振动信号合成三维轴心轨迹,在此基础上提取轴两端测点的轴心轨迹相对跳动量,该指标融合了相位及轴心轨迹半径两个指标;并提取了可以反应转轴两端相对跳动量能量的指标;在大量实验的基础上,验证了该指标与机组的运行状态曲线与定性分析的结果基本上一致。验证了转轴两端相对振动能量法对转子系统运行状态分析、诊断的可行性。     

交联聚合物微球/疏水缔合聚合物复合体系在模拟孔喉中的渗流

由于石油采收率的提高难度增加,使得驱油机理的研究迫在眉睫。本文根据黏浓关系、黏度随剪切时间的变化,通过环境扫描电镜实验及毛细管封堵实验,观察疏水缔合聚合物与微球复合体系的微观状态、性质和封堵机理。结果发现疏水缔合聚合物与微球具有良好的协同增黏效应,剪切后不易发生色谱分离现象;对于一定管径的毛细管,需要选择合适的微球浓度、粒径和流速,才能避免将孔隙堵死,达到较好的封堵效果;合适尺寸的微球能够强化疏水缔合聚合物的封堵效果。     

海上稠油高效开发新模式研究及应用

以海上稠油油藏为对象,以技术可行性为前提,从提高开发效益的角度出发,提出加速该类型油藏开采的新模式。新模式的指导思想是在投产初期就尽可能地提高采油速度,并尽可能延长高速开发的时间,以达到最大采收率。新模式模糊了一、二、三次采油的界限,把三阶段的系列技术集成、优化和综合应用。在开发技术策略上,施行提前注水、注水即注聚、注水注聚相结合的原则,建立了以聚合物驱为主的提高采收率技术体系和以钻井压裂、适度防砂、电潜螺杆泵为主的钻采工艺配套技术体系。采用新的开采模式,海上稠油油藏的采收率将有可能在原模式基础上提高5%~10%,甚至更高,显著提高油气资源的利用率,对于石油资源相对紧缺的我国具有十分重要的意义。     

搅拌槽内新型疏水缔合聚合物AP-P4的溶解性

由于疏水缔合聚合物聚丙烯酰胺(AP-P4)的溶解性差,制约了聚合物驱油技术在海上油田的采收率。考察了温度、矿化度、转速、搅拌器型式及搅拌方式对AP-P4溶解时间和聚合物溶液黏度特性的影响,结果表明:温度与转速的提高有利于聚合物的加速溶解,但不利于聚合物溶液的增黏,存在一个适宜聚合物溶解的最佳矿化度范围;剪切力较小、循环量较大的搅拌器更适合AP-P4的溶解;采用翼型搅拌器向上排出流体,先高转速后低转速的搅拌方式能够加快AP-P4的溶解并获得较高的溶液黏度。     

疏水缔合聚合物的合成及溶液性能研究

采用自由基胶束聚合法 ,合成了疏水缔合型丙烯酰胺 /2 丙烯酰胺基烷基磺酸共聚物。用Brookfield旋转粘度计测定了不同疏水基含量的聚合物的溶液性能 ,同时考察了疏水缔合聚合物浓度、盐浓度、剪切速率以及温度对聚合物溶液性能的影响。实验结果表明 ,稀溶液中疏水缔合聚合物分子的缔合以分子内缔合为主 ;在临界缔合浓度以上 ,缔合以分子间缔合为主。该聚合物是一种性能优异的疏水增粘剂 ,模拟盐水条件下的粘度比清水溶液粘度有很大提高 ,表现出明显的抗盐性质 ,其临界缔合浓度约为 5 0 0mg/L。使用时可用油田采出水直接配注 ,因而在提高采收率的同时 ,还进一步降低了聚合物的用量 ,同时还解决了产出污水的重复利用问题     

疏水缔合聚合物溶液性能及其驱油效果

针对胜利油田高温高盐的油藏环境,设计合成了一种具有梳型结构的疏水缔合聚合物,系统考察了该聚合物溶液的增黏性、耐温抗盐性、长期稳定性、注入性和驱油效果。实验结果表明,随着浓度的增加,溶液黏度呈指数增长,增黏性强。在高温高盐条件下,该疏水缔合聚合物溶液黏度均比常规聚丙烯酰胺溶液高,表现出优异的耐温抗盐性能。在90℃条件下,随老化时间增加,溶液黏度先增加后降低,60 d后溶液黏度值大于40 mPa·s,表现出优异的长期稳定性。随注入量增加,压力先增加后趋于平衡,达到0.5 MPa,表明其注入性良好。当注入浓度一定时,随着注入倍数的增加,提高原油采收率幅度先增大后趋于稳定;当注入倍数一定时,随疏水缔合聚合物浓度的增加,提高采收率幅度增大。     

封面人物简介—周守为

Zhou Shouwei doctor, senior engineer of professorship, graduated from Southwest Petroleum Institute in 1982. He is now a member of the Party Group and deputy general manager of China National Offshore Oil Corporation(CNOOC), the president of CNOOC Ltd., the chairman of Offshore Oil Engineering CO. LTD., the director of the key laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) of CNOOC, the vice-president of China Petroleum Institute Offshore Oil Branch, the vice-president of China Shipbuilding Engineering Society, the vice-president of China Ocean Institute, the vice-director of World Petroleum Congress of China National Committee, a member of Academic Committee of the State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation (Southwest Petroleum University), the editorial board director of China Offshore Oil and Gas, the deputy director of editorial board of Natural Gas Industry.Zhou Shouwei is China's famous expert of offshore oil development, he contributed a lot to offshore heavy oil field development, high quality and high speed drilling, marginal oil fields and full ocean oilfield development of FPSO (floating production storage offloading units). He proposed the new model and new theory of offshore oilfield development, promoted the progress of offshore heavy oil development, made China reach international advanced level in offshore heavy oil development technology.Zhou Shouwei achieved many significant science and technology progress rewards, including three the first award of national science and technology progress rewards, one special science and technology progress reward, and five the firsts and four the seconds. He achieved six patent technologies (four invention patents), published nineteen monographs and papers.He is the first person who proposed founding the four development systems of oil and gas in Bohai sea and the thought of the rolling exploration and development, and developed four matching technology series. The “Offshore High-yielding Technology with Fewer Wells”, posed him, solved the difficult problem of large marginal oilfield development in Bohai sea, which overcame the world difficulty in long-distance transportation of heavy oil in multi-phase. He advocated and probed out the packaged technology of Optimized and Fast Drilling, which increased the efficiency of drilling by almost 3 times. His new technology of marginal oilfield development has been applied successfully in parts of practice of marginal oilfield development, which made great contribution to establishing the technology system of offshore oilfield development and making the Bohai oilfield the third largest one of China after Daqing and Sengli Oilfields.He is the first one who proposed the new model of high efficient development of offshore oilfield. He was in charge of moderate sanding in drilling fracturing, early water injection, water injection and accumulation, depth profile control, and electric submersible screw pump lifting, which made important breakthrough in offshore application. He headed the national 863 topics “Depth Profile Control Enhanced Oil Recovery”, laying the foundation for the Bohai oilfield’s production to reach 30,000,000 tons a year.China’s first FPSO, designed by Zhou Shouwei, was recognized as one of the ten famous ships in China’s ship making history. His technology of emergency relief single point overcame difficulties in serious ice environment. He posed in the first place that the underwater single point should be used in China’s offshore oilfield, and won the invention patent of underwater installation, which reached international advanced level. He positively gave impetus to the application of “shallow water effect for large floating body” theory, successfully made the 160,000 tons large FPSO used in Bohai area, the lowest sea area in the world. So far, FPSO manufacture has become China’s new high-tech industry, and its manufacturing technology has reached international advanced level.     

封面人物简介—韩大匡

Academician Han Dakuang was born in Shanghai in 1932, native of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, and graduated from Tsinghua University with a degree in petroleum engineering major in 1952. He is a senior expert in oil and gas development engineering, member of Chinese Academy of Engineering, professor level senior engineer of Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration ＆ Development (RIPED), doctoral tutor, and the sixth editorial board consultant of the Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition). He taught for nearly 20 years at Tsinghua University and Beijing Institute of Petroleum (now China University of Petroleum). Since 1972, he has engaged in the research work in oil & gas reservoir engineering in RIPED, holding the posts of the director of Oil & Gas Field Development Department, vice president and chief engineer of RIPED.For more than 50 years, academician Han Dakuang has been engaged in the scientific research and teaching work of oil and gas field development engineering. On the one hand, he went deep into the oilfield production realities, carried on the comprehensive study of Reservoir Engineering and gave the strategic countermeasures; on the other hand, he actively carried out the research and application of seepage mechanics and interface physical chemistry, and became one of the pioneers of reservoir numerical simulation and enhanced oil recovery technology. His contributions and achievements in oil and gas field development engineering include:Reservoir Engineering Study area: In the early 1950s, academician Han Dakuang took part in China's first oil field waterflooding program — the design of Yumen Laojunmiao Oil field waterflooding program, who was responsible for the seepage calculation. Since then, he was repeatedly responsible for or participated in the compiling work of the oil and gas field development plans, annual plans and the discipline development plans, which made contributions to the strategic arrangements and the scientific and technological progress of China's oil field development over the years. Aiming at the development problem of China's old oilfields at high water-cut late stage, he systematically studied the new pattern of residual oil distribution and the new changes of the oil field development situation, and proposed strategies, concepts and new technology development direction, which is of important guiding significance for the elderly Oilfield enhanced oil recovery and to increase recoverable reserves. His idea has been adopted by the major leaders of China National Petroleum Corporation and China Petroleum Corporation and many older fields as the highly technology and the significantly economic efficiency.Reservoir numerical simulation area: In the early 1960s, academician Han Dakuang started numerical simulation research, the research result of "reservoir numerical simulation technique" which he chaired laid the foundation for China's further development of this technology, and won the 2nd prize of the National Prize for Progress in Science and Technology and the 1st prize of the China National Petroleum Corporation scientific and technological progress. Another early study on "The Numerical Simulation of Oil-Water Flow in the Heterogeneous Oil-Wet Sandstone Reservoir" won the 1st prize of the Former Ministry of Petroleum Outstanding Scientific and Technological Achievement.Enhanced Oil Recovery area: in the early 1960s, academician Han Dakuang began the experimental study of polymer flooding, and pointed out the effectiveness of polyacrylamide solution as EOR oil displacement agent. He presided over the "The Evaluation of Potential of Enhanced Oil Recovery in Water Injection Oil Field of China and its Development Strategy ", which opened up a broad way for the application of the new technology in China, and won the 1st prize of the China National Petroleum Corporation Scientific and Technological Progress.Oil production engineering technology area: the "The New Paraffin-proof Technology in Oil Wells" research had an extensive popularization and won the National Science Congress Award.Academician Han Dakuang has published five books and a translation, and more than 60 domestic and overseas papers and reports. He is the tutor for more than 40 Master, doctor, and postdoctoral students and many of them have become experts and even professors in this area.As his contribution to oil and gas field development engineering, he was granted the honor of “Distinguished Science and Technology Experts in Petroleum Industry” by China National Petroleum Corporation in 1991, and acquired the special subsidy approved by the government in the same year. Later in 1996, he received the Sun Yueqi Energy Award issued by the Chinese Development Foundation in Science and Technology.     

CO2驱采油技术研究与应用现状

 CO₂温室气体使全球气候变暖,温度幅度已经超出了其本身自然变动的范围,对人类的生存和社会经济的发展构成了严重威胁。CO₂的地质处置最有效的方式就是注入油气田,不但封存了CO₂,而且还可提高油气田的采收率,国外注CO₂驱提高原油采收率技术已在低渗透油藏中得到了广泛应用。针对中国低渗透油藏自然产能低、地层能量不足、地层压力下降快等引起采收率低的现状,在分析CO₂混相和非混相驱提高采收率机制的基础上,系统整理和归纳了CO₂驱油技术中混相驱和非混相驱两种作用方式的研究现状。通过国内外低渗透油藏注CO₂驱提高采收率应用情况分析指出,CO₂作为一种有效的驱油剂,CO₂驱能得到明显的增油降水和提高采收率的效果,总结了目前需要解决的主要问题,提出应积极开展注CO₂驱油技术的研究和现场试验的建议,并对CO₂驱油技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

多尺度科学及其在油气田开发中的应用研究

在简述多尺度科学的主要研究内容、方法及现状的基础上,从多尺度科学角度出发,提出了油气藏即是一个复杂的多尺度系统,油气产出是一个跨时间和空间尺度的复杂过程,是在微观孔喉、微裂缝至宏观裂缝、水力裂缝等渗流通道中的一系列串联耦合过程的观点。油气田开发中多尺度问题主要包括油气藏多尺度描述、多尺度数据整合以及多尺度模拟。以致密砂岩气藏为例,探讨了非常规天然气开发中的多尺度现象及其对气藏开发的影响及对策。指出致密砂岩气藏多尺度结构由基块孔喉、天然裂缝和水力裂缝组成,基块供气不足和储层损害是制约气井产能的关键因素。基于多尺度传质理论大幅度提高传质效率,强调加强钻井、完井和增产改造等全过程储层保护、采用最大储层接触面积（MRC）技术是开发非常规油气资源的有效途径。     

致密油藏润湿返转提高采收率技术

针对致密油藏目前开采方式存在产量递减快、可采储量低的问题,通过构建基于离散裂缝网络的致密油藏润湿返转提高采收率数学模型,并编制相应全隐式数值求解算法,进一步研究了亲油储层周期注入表面活性剂方式的驱油效果及影响因素。结果表明:周期注入表面活性剂能够使储层产生润湿性返转,诱导自发渗吸,进而有效动用基质内剩余油,较目前开采方式可进一步提高采收率幅度10%;周期注表活剂的驱油效果随着原油黏度的降低、基质渗透率的增大或者压裂密度的提高而变好,当地层原油黏度低于7 m Pa·s、基质渗透率不低于0. 01 mD、裂缝间距不高于150 m时,周期注表活剂可取得明显的增油效果。     

旋转机械轴心轨迹故障诊断

应用轴心轨迹图的直观性特点，对旋转机械进行状态监测和故障诊断。从轴心轨迹图上判断出振动的前期征兆，对防止故障的恶化和排除故障具有指导作用。因此利用轴心轨迹图来判断旋转机械是否处于正常状态是可行的。     

基于非线性能量分析的鲕滩储层预测方法

Teager Kaiser非线性能量（T K能量）可以归为振幅类地震属性,但有别于常规的振幅类地震属性,它与振幅的平方、频率的平方成正比。鲕滩储层中流体为油气时地震记录往往呈现“高频衰减” 现象,由于T K能量与频率平方成正比,因此含油气鲕滩储层内部T K能量弱。鲕滩储层与围岩的物性差别使储层顶和底边界形成“亮点”反射,相应的T K能量高,T K属性剖面背景越发“明亮”,而内部相对较“暗”,利用这些特征可以有效地进行鲕滩储层预测,实际资料的计算结果表明,基于非线性能量分析的鲕滩储层预测方法得到的鲕滩储层分布与实钻完全一致。     

长庆油田姬塬地区长4 5组超低渗储层成岩作用与孔隙演化特征

鄂尔多斯盆地长4+5油组是长庆油田近年来油气勘探发现的新的含油气储层,目前主要勘探重点集中于盆地内姬塬地区。该区长4+5组油气储层孔渗性极差,为超低渗储层。应用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、阴极发光、X-衍射等分析手段,研究了长4+5组超低透储层的各种成岩现象,确定了储层的成岩阶段,划分了储层成岩相,探讨了储层成岩作用对孔隙演化的控制和影响性,指出了有利的储层成岩相及对含油气性的影响。因此本次研究对长庆油田超低渗透油气藏勘探有积极的指导作用。     

红车地区油气成藏地球化学研究

准噶尔盆地西北缘红车断阶带油气分布复杂,油气藏类型多,有稠油、正常油和轻质油,还有干气藏。稠油主要分布在断阶带上盘,正常油和轻质油分布在断阶带的下盘及断阶带之间。油气产层多,从石炭系到白垩系均发现油气。采用原油轻烃及天然气碳同位素判断该区油气源,指出油气来自昌吉凹陷二叠系风城组和乌尔禾组源岩,并指出各期油气的分布及次生改造特征。结合源岩生烃史与构造演化史,建立了成藏模式,指出有利的勘探方向。