微机控制功能性电刺激实验系统

以IBM PC/XT 计算机为基础的神经肌肉功能性电刺激实验系统,根据功物实验原理,输入适当参数,产生两路刺激信号的控制电压,记录相应肌肉的收缩力及其电活动一肌电图(EMG),自动控制实验过程.研究具有多种发放率和募集控制方式的肌力调节、电刺激下肌肉的EMG/力模型、神经肌肉系统的频率响应等.     

基于6自由度平台的体感模拟算法研究

针对模拟驾驶器对动感逼真度和平台工作空间的需求,将基于洗出算法的体感模拟控制策略应用于6自由度并联式运动模拟器.首先对系统进行了整体设计及数学建模,然后通过分析人体感知机理,提出了基于加速度控制的体感模拟洗出算法;随后具体研究了模拟驾驶过程中可能存在的多种复杂工况及对应的加速度控制模式;最后,通过联合仿真与实验验证了所提出控制算法的可行性及控制效果,结果显示平台在有限运动范围内动感逼真度得到了显著提升.      

风压通风办公建筑内温度预测方法的模拟与实验

采用天津地区典型年气象参数、季节主导风向和平均风速,综合考虑围护结构传热、日射得热和室内热源散热,数值模拟了天津地区一栋办公建筑过渡季节风压自然通风下的室内热环境,得出室内温度与房间单位面积稳态得热量之间的线性关系曲线.通过实验测试该建筑内、外环境,发现测试结果与理论计算结果相比在线性上有所偏离,最大线性偏离度为6.7%,对应于相同的室内温度,单位面积得热量值高于理论计算结果.最后分析了产生线性偏离和数值偏差的原因,论证了理论计算结果的可靠性.     

一类具有快速振荡系数的线性抛物方程的近似能控性

考虑一类具有快速振荡系数的线性抛物系统的近似能控性,当ε→0时,具有快速振荡系数的线性抛物系统的近似控制和相应的解分别收敛于相应的均匀化问题的近似控制和相对应的解.     

EMG信号的一种合成方法研究

利用改进了的肌电信号模型，完成了单纤维动作电位（ＳＰＡＰ）和运动单位动作电位（ＭＵＡＰ）的计算机模拟．以此为基础，结合肌肉组织的生理结构和肌电信号的产生原理，首先由多路ＳＰＡＰ信号经过符合生理特性的变换处理后，合成一路ＭＵＡＰ信号，然后考虑人体组织对肌电信号的衰减作用，对具有不同发放率的ＭＵＡＰ序列进行ＥＭＧ信号的合成．这种人工合成的ＥＭＧ信号有助于从理论上研究肌电信号的发放率和传导速度等特性，并将为肌电信号的分解给出一个合理标准．     

结合运动想象和动作观察的伸-握动作识别方法

为了获取单侧手部在伸-握动作下与运动想象直接相关的脑电信号(EEG)特征并实现精细动作有效识别,提出了结合运动想象和动作观察的单侧手部伸-握动作精细识别方法。首先,设计了结合运动想象和动作观察的复合范式,增强了伸-握动作所对应大脑皮层的激活程度,并探索了在运动想象、运动观察和复合范式下大脑皮层的激活规律;然后利用小波变换重构各个通道EEG并计算相应多尺度熵,并通过共空间模式获取伸-握动作所对应EEG特征;最后,利用线性判别式法从EEG特征中识别"伸开"和"握拳"精细动作。实验结果表明:相比单一实验范式的运动想象或动作观察,该方法在低频(5～20 Hz)时更能有效地激活运动区和枕区的神经元;同时,"伸开"动作对应EEG的多尺度熵明显大于"握拳"动作的熵值,实现了单侧手部伸-握动作精细意图感知,其平均正确率可达85.7%。     

膝关节屈伸肌力比对平衡能力的影响研究

为探讨膝关节屈伸肌力比对人体平衡能力的影响,选取北京体育大学运动康复系无运动训练经验的60名学生作为研究对象,对其膝关节在高、中、低3种测试速度模式下的屈伸肌力及动、静态平衡能力进行测试.实验结果表明:膝关节屈伸肌力比值随着运动速度的增大而增大,动态与静态平衡能力随着膝关节屈伸肌力比的增大而增强,且超过一定的比值后趋于稳定(低速测试下动态平衡能力随着膝关节屈伸肌力比值的增大先增强后降低).在静态下,人体纵向平衡能力优于横向,在动态下,人体横向平衡能力优于纵向.膝关节屈伸肌力比应达到群体中等以上水平时较为适宜.     

抑制性突触输入对神经元发放率响应的影响

文章基于整合发放神经元模型,研究抑制性突触输入和外部周期刺激对神经元发放率的影响。数值结果表明:在突出输入等于阈值时,适当频率的抑制性突触输入对神经元发放率具有易化作用,对神经元发放率峰值具有延迟作用;在突出输入小于阈值时,抑制性突出输入抑制神经元膜电位发放;在外部刺激作用下,神经元发放率幅值与外部刺激有关,刺激频率越高,发放率幅值越小,刺激强度越大,发放率幅值越大。     

模式切换的中高速重型半挂车挂车主动转向控制策略

为实现中高速不同工况下的重型半挂车稳定性控制,在建立线性变参数三自由度实时简化模型基础上,提出了基于挂车主动转向并采用模式切换的中高速重型半挂车控制策略。针对中高速重型半挂车工况变化,采用模式切换的方法实现了普通工况下的横摆、折叠和路径跟随控制以及极限工况下的侧翻控制。为实现重型半挂车中高速各工况最优控制,采用遗传粒子群算法和不同模式对应的优化目标函数,优化了控制策略权重系数。并且进行了模式切换的中高速挂车主动转向控制策略仿真研究,结果表明控制策略实现了重型半挂车从低附到高附,从普通工况到极限工况的中高速各工况良好地控制。     

拮抗肌对的SEMG频率参数再研究

用ARMA模型研究了正常人体肘关节主动肌和拮抗肌表面肌电信号(SEMG)的模型参数、功率谱中的峰值频率F_m和对应于发放率的突起峰F_p,它们与以前研究得到的中值频率具有类似的变化趋势:重复收缩时SEMG信号的归一化中值频率NMF的初始值随重复次数的增加而下降,而NMF的下降速度随重复次数的增加而增加。     

Firing patterns of motor units in normal rats

Skeletal muscles consist of motor units which may differ considerably in contractile properties and types of usage. Some units participate mainly in relatively rare, quick movements and contract rapidly and are easily fatigued (type FF); others contribute to the maintenance of posture and hence contract slowly and are fatigue-resistant (type S), while others are both fast and fatigue-resistant (type FR). Our understanding of motor control mechanisms and the dependence of contractile properties on usage would be enhanced if more quantitative information were available concerning the firing patterns of individual motor units during normal motor behaviour. Therefore, we have made continuous recordings for extended periods from single motor units in the fast extensor digitorum longus (edl) and the slow soleus (sol) muscle of freely moving adult rats. By counting the total number of discharges for each unit, and by determining the distributions of interspike intervals and the duration of the individual impulse trains, we have obtained information about firing rate, amount of use, modulation of muscle force and tonic and phasic behaviour for 16 motor units. We now report that these units fall into three classes apparently corresponding to type FF and FR in the edl muscle and type S in the soleus muscle.     

现役小口径炮弹引信大着角碰靶发火机构响应特性研究

针对现役小口径炮弹引信大着角碰靶发火率偏低、未爆弹存在隐患的可靠性与安全性问题,开展现役小口径炮弹引信大着角碰靶发火机构响应特性研究. 建立了大着角碰靶发火机构的动力学模型,得到了发火机构作用的简易判据,基于有限元数值模拟方法,模拟了不同着速、着角、滚转角度及靶板厚度多工况下大着角碰靶发火机构的动态响应过程,数值模型有效性通过实弹试验对比验证. 分析结果表明,着发球珠随机滚转角度为大着角碰靶时影响发火机构功能可靠的重要因素之一;随滚转角度增大,发火击针感受到轴向合力的幅值越小、时间越滞后,不利于大着角碰靶发火机构可靠作用;同时研究发现随着角、靶板厚度的增加,出现了导套“卡住”发火击针的故障模式.      

基于运动力学的头部碰撞问题物质点法模拟研究

为了探究人体头部碰撞动态响应问题,基于运动生物力学,采用新近兴起的物质点法,构建三种不同类型的模型,运用铅柱撞击头部的形式为人体头部施加冲击力,探究不同边界条件以及人体头部肌肉对于动态响应的影响。研究发现:头部肌肉可以扩大头部的受力面积,减小单位面积的受力强度,通过肌肉本身的应变有效地缓释冲击力,降低冲击力对于头部的直接伤害;但是,肩部的运动对于头部的影响较小,肩部对于头部主要起固定作用,并无法缓释冲击力。     

EMG oscillator model-based energy kernel method for characterizing muscle intrinsic property under isometric contraction

This paper presents a new method for estimating the isometric contraction force and the characterization of muscle’s intrinsic property.The method,called the energy kernel method,starts with converting the electromyography(EMG)signal into planar phase portraits,on which the elliptic distribution of the state points is named as the energy kernel,while that formed by the noise signal is called the noise kernel.Based on such stochastic features of the phase portraits,we approximate the EMG signal within a rectangular window as a harmonic oscillator(EMG oscillator).The study establishes the relationship between the energy of control signal(EMG)and that of output signal(force/power),and a characteristic energy is proposed to estimate the muscle force.On the other hand,the natural frequencies of the noise and the EMG signal can be attained with the energy kernel and noise kernel.In this way,the direct signal–noise recognition and separation can be accomplished.The results show that the representativeness of the characteristic energy toward the force is satisfactory,and the method is very robust since it combines the advantages of both RMS and MPF.Moreover,the natural frequency of the EMG oscillator is not governed by the MU firing rate of a specific muscle,indicating that this frequency correlates with the intrinsic property of muscle.The physical meanings of the model provide new insights into the understanding of EMG.     

Sarcolemma-localized nNOS is required to maintain activity after mild exercise

Many neuromuscular conditions are characterized by an exaggerated exercise-induced fatigue response that is disproportionate to activity level. This fatigue is not necessarily correlated with greater central or peripheral fatigue in patients, and some patients experience severe fatigue without any demonstrable somatic disease. Except in myopathies that are due to specific metabolic defects, the mechanism underlying this type of fatigue remains unknown. With no treatment available, this form of inactivity is a major determinant of disability. Here we show, using mouse models, that this exaggerated fatigue response is distinct from a loss in specific force production by muscle, and that sarcolemma-localized signalling by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in skeletal muscle is required to maintain activity after mild exercise. We show that nNOS-null mice do not have muscle pathology and have no loss of muscle-specific force after exercise but do display this exaggerated fatigue response to mild exercise. In mouse models of nNOS mislocalization from the sarcolemma, prolonged inactivity was only relieved by pharmacologically enhancing the cGMP signal that results from muscle nNOS activation during the nitric oxide signalling response to mild exercise. Our findings suggest that the mechanism underlying the exaggerated fatigue response to mild exercise is a lack of contraction-induced signalling from sarcolemma-localized nNOS, which decreases cGMP-mediated vasomodulation in the vessels that supply active muscle after mild exercise. Sarcolemmal nNOS staining was decreased in patient biopsies from a large number of distinct myopathies, suggesting a common mechanism of fatigue. Our results suggest that patients with an exaggerated fatigue response to mild exercise would show clinical improvement in response to treatment strategies aimed at improving exercise-induced signalling.     

建筑结构隔震体系的动力反应

运用隔震理论建立结构隔震体系的动力模型和运动方程,着重考虑了隔震体系的恢复力特性,进行了隔震体系在时域内的地震反应程序设计。算例表明,隔震体系上部结构的动力反应幅值均可以大大降低。其中,顶层相对地面位移降低了13.62%,层间位移降低了35.57%,最大绝对加速度降低了33.68%,层间剪力降低了35.60%。     

A study on discharge features of interneuron in the hippocampal network

The firing of neurons in the hippocampal network has a close relationship with human memory and learning. In this paper, a numerical simulation of interneurons in the hippocampal network has been operated. It analyzes the influence of external stimulation on firing rhythms. The diversity of firing pattern, especially the circle of unit firing pattern, is shown by ISI.     

电动汽车新型线控制动单元及其控制系统

针对电动汽车全电驱动特性,为提高其制动性能,设计了一种基于电磁直线执行器的全新线控制动单元——直驱电液制动单元.介绍了该制动单元的结构和原理,以某型制动器为基础,完成了样件改装和试制工作,并基于TMS320F2812数字信号处理器建立了制动单元控制和驱动系统,同时设计了双闭环抗干扰控制算法调控其制动力.试验结果表明,直驱电液制动单元响应迅速,能够准确调控制动力,具有良好的应用前景.     

网络火控系统及其构建

针对国内外火控发展仍停留于"多计算机通信体制"的现状,提出了利用公用广域网构建网络火控,解决火控系统互连互通问题.给出了网络火控的概念,分析了利用公用广域网实现有限时间和有限范围的火控网络的可行性;提出利用通用分组无线业务(GPRS)构建网络火控系统,通过降低可靠性级别和限制业务数据单元最大生存时间来减小平均通信时延,以现有广播信号实现时钟同步以满足火控通信要求.该解决方案为构建网络火控系统提供技术支持.