微孔端面机械密封间液膜的CFD数值模拟

应用Pro/E软件建立微孔端面间液膜的三维立体模型,Gambit软件对模型进行划分网格,F1uent软件对微孔端面间特定工况下的内部微间隙三维流场进行数值模拟,得到流场的压力分布、速度分布以及泄漏量.改变微孔深径比再次模拟,得到不同参数下流场所对应的压力分布、速度分布及泄漏量,分析在同一液膜厚度情况下,微孔深径比对端面...     

纳米颗粒提高二氧化碳泡沫稳定性的研究进展

利用表面活性剂溶液产生的二氧化碳泡沫能够在一定程度上控制二氧化碳气体流度,发挥二氧化碳的驱油优势,但表面活性剂在地层中吸附量大,在高温高盐环境中稳定性较差。纳米颗粒可用作稳泡剂提高二氧化碳泡沫稳定性。分析了纳米颗粒用于稳定二氧化碳泡沫的优势;从纳米颗粒与界面的相互作用及颗粒与颗粒之间的相互作用两个方面综述了纳米颗粒对于二氧化碳泡沫的稳定机理,主要包括脱附能理论、最大毛细压理论以及颗粒间相互作用形成的网络结构理论;总结了纳米颗粒疏水性、粒径、颗粒浓度、矿化度、温度以及压力对二氧化碳泡沫的产生及稳定性的影响;分析了利用纳米颗粒稳定的二氧化碳泡沫对二氧化碳气体的流度控制效果以及驱油效果,提出了目前存在的问题及下一步的研究方向。     

酚醛树脂基泡沫炭的制备工艺改进及在光谱电化学中的应用

以聚氨酯泡沫为模板,利用酚醛树脂制备过程中的碱催化剂对模板进行原位开孔,经酚醛树脂浸渍-固化-炭化过程制备了网状泡沫炭.该工艺省去了传统方法中聚氨酯模板预开孔的过程,简化了实验步骤,得到了高开孔率的泡沫炭.所得泡沫炭展现了典型的三维立体网状大孔结构,孔径范围约为400～600μm,具有较高的抗氧化温度和较低的石墨化程度.研究了泡沫炭作为电极测量铁-邻二氮菲配合物的电化学行为,发现泡沫炭电极在铁-邻二氮菲配合物溶液中出现了氧化还原峰,在510nm波长处的吸光度随着工作电位的提高而降低,且电极具有一定的透光性,表明所得泡沫炭有望发展为良好的光透电极材料.     

碱金属热电转换的多孔芯内热质传输特性

对基于AMTEC(Alkali Metal Thermal to Electric Converter,碱金属热电转换器)的毛细多孔吸液芯建立轴对称恒温相变模型,通过求解多孔芯区及液体通道区热质传输控制方程得到毛细多孔芯中的流动与传热特性,分析了工质流量、入口温度、多孔芯厚度、孔隙率和有效孔径等参数对压力、速度和温度分布的影响;同时通过分析最大毛细力与回路压降之间的关系,给出了多孔芯有效孔径的适用范围和提高多孔芯性能的改进措施。研究结果表明：与三维两相流蒸发模型比较,文中的模型具有较好的预测准确性;以碱金属为工质的毛细多孔吸液芯和液体通道内的流动与传热特性与传统工质存在不同。     

水平井泡沫携砾石充填数值模拟

在进行疏松砂岩水平井砾石充填完井过程中,以往均采用牛顿流体作为携砂液。泡沫流体作为非牛顿流体,比牛顿流体具有更好的携带性能,并且具有低滤失性。针对水平井砾石充填作业发生提前堵塞和携砂液进入地层问题,借鉴水平管流的固液两相流动机制,建立水平井泡沫携砾石充填两层数学模型,并且对泡沫在水平井中流动的摩阻系数进行讨论。对偏心率、砾石直径、砾石密度及泡沫干度对砾石充填效果的影响进行计算分析,并以充填效率、砂床高度及综合评价指标表征充填效果。结果表明:随偏心率增大,充填评价指标趋于增加,但增加的幅度较小;随砾石直径、砾石密度及泡沫干度的增加,充填指标趋于降低;泡沫作为携砂液进行砾石充填比牛顿流体具有更好的充填效果。     

水基泡沫流变特性研究进展

水基泡沫在石油钻井、驱油及矿物浮选等方面应用广泛,但因其自身结构的复杂性及不稳定性,准确描述其流变性需要考虑液膜排液、气体扩散、泡沫质量、泡沫结构、可压缩性、壁面滑移、测量系统相对于气泡的尺寸、环境温度及压力等多方面因素,以致于目前尚无有关泡沫流变性的公认理论。实验研究过程中控制壁面滑移的较普遍做法是增加流道壁面（转子表面或管壁）的粗糙度,基于适当假设所提出的一些理论修正方法具有较好的适应性。体积平衡法假设泡沫管流摩擦系数为常量,在一定程度上解决了泡沫可压缩性给管流压降计算所带来的困难。目前普遍认为泡沫流变性可用幂律模式或赫谢尔–巴尔克莱模式很好地描述,是否存在“屈服应力”则因测试条件差异而存在争议。     

轧制态下Cu含量对泡沫铝泡孔结构的影响

采用液相复合-轧制技术制备不同w_○Cu的可发泡预制坯及闭孔泡沫铝材，研究了w_○Cu对泡沫铝泡孔结构的影响.结果表明:随着w_○Cu的增加，泡孔结构的均匀性增加，孔径减小，泡孔合并产生的大泡孔数量减少，但泡沫体的塌缩和老化特征增强.对比不同w_○Cu的预制坯的膨胀曲线，随着w_○Cu的增加，预制坯的最大膨胀率先增大后减小，且达到最大膨胀率的发泡时间明显减少.微观结构分析表明:在AlSi₉合金中加入Cu，生成了CuAl₂O₄和CuAl₂，CuAl₂O₄提高熔体的黏度，减小了重力排液及毛细作用的影响，提高了泡沫的稳定性.CuAl₂先于AlSi₉熔化，在晶界上形成熔池，气泡提前形核长大，使发泡过程提前完成.     

泡沫压裂液的两相欧拉颗粒流数值模拟

从两相流的角度出发，将泡沫压裂液的气相处理成气泡相并建立两相欧拉颗粒流模型来研究泡沫压裂液的流变性．研究发现：气泡尺寸随剪切速率增加而减小是泡沫压裂液呈剪切稀化的重要原因，泡沫压裂液的黏度及非牛顿流体性质主要由气泡相黏度产生；气泡间的摩擦和碰撞是泡沫压裂液黏度急剧上升的主要因素，摩擦产生的黏度在高气相体积分数时占主要地位；两相之间基本没有相间滑移速度存在，两相的湍流脉动动能随气相体积分数的增加而增加，管壁附近的湍流脉动动能最大；有效黏度的模拟值与实验结果基本吻合，但模拟值稍微偏大，这可能是因为实际泡沫压裂液中的气泡在剪切场中发生了破碎和变形．但是，该两相流模型不能用于气相体积分数大于65％以上的泡沫压裂液．     

Properties and corrosion behavior of Al based nanocomposite foams produced by the sintering-dissolution process

The properties of Al based nanocomposite metal foams and their corrosion behaviors were investigated in this study. For this, the composite metal foams with different relative densities (porosity) reinforced with alumina nanoparticles were prepared using a powder metallurgy-based sintering-dissolution process (SDP) and NaCl particles were used as space holders. Then, the effect of nanoparticle reinforcement and different amounts of NaCl space holders (corresponding porosity) on the microstructure, morphology, density, hardness, and electrochemical specifications of the samples were investigated. It was found that as the relative density increased from 60% to 70%, the wall thickness increased from about 200 to 300 μm, which led to a decrease in pore size. Also, the addition of nanoparticle reinforcement and the increased relative density result in increasing metal foam hardness. Moreover, electrochemical test results indicated that increasing the Al₂O₃ content reduced the corrosion rate, but increasing the porosity enhanced it.     

冶金熔体泡沫演化中的转型

通过理论分析和实验验证,证实冶金熔体泡沫演化过程中存在由球状泡沫到多面体泡沫的转型．泡沫转型前的演化速率可由伽利略数Ｇａ定性判断,而泡沫转型后的多面体泡沫破灭阶段,可以用量纲为一的因子Ｓａ来定性判断．应用泡沫转型理论,解释了冶金熔体与常温溶液泡沫衰减过程机理的差异,也给出了内生气源更容易发泡的原因．     

负载Pd/Cu活性碳纤维的孔结构研究

采用吸附仪测定了所制负载金属活性碳纤维的吸附等温线 ,然后用不同理论方法对孔径分布进行表征分析。结果表明负载Pd Cu的活性碳纤维仍以微孔为主 ,微孔孔径呈单分布。随着活性碳纤维负载Pd Cu量的增加 ,中孔孔容增大 ,纤维孔径分布曲线的举点 (峰值 )位置略有增加 ,平均微孔孔径增大 ,但负载量在 10 %以内时最大微孔孔容和BET比表面积下降。负载Pd Cu活性碳纤维的孔结构特征与催化反应性能有密切联系     

Novel electric conductive polylactide/carbon nanotubes foams prepared by supercritical CO2

In this paper,novel electric conductive polylactide/carbon nanotubes(PLA/CNTs) foams were fabricated by a pressure-quench process using supercritical CO2as a blowing agent.The morphology of PLA/CNTs nanocomposites prepared by solution blending was characterized using SEM and the results indicate that CNTs well dispersed in PLA matrix.The introduction of CNTs improved the thermal stability of PLA.The morphology and electrical properties of PLA/CNTs foams were characterized and discussed.Depending on the process parameters,such as saturation temperature and pressure,nanocellular or microcellular structure of PLA/CNTs nanocomposites were obtained.The volume resistivity of PLA/CNTs foams was from 0.53 103Ω cm to 15.13 103Ω cm,which was affected by cell structure and crystallization of foams oppositely.Foaming reduced the electrical conductivity due to the decrease of CNTs volume content and the break of conductive pathways.However,crystallization increased the electrical conductivity possibly because of the CNTs structural change in which the CNTs were less curled and more connected.     

泡沫A1-0．146wt．％Ti合金的制备及耐腐蚀性能研究

采用真空低压渗流铸造法,制备了泡沫A1-0．146wt．％Ti合金．分析了影响渗流法制备泡沫铝合金的主要因素,得到了制备泡沫合金的最佳条件：NaCl填料粒子预热温度300℃,合金液体浇铸温度760℃,填料粒子尺寸1～3mm．不同孔率泡沫AI-O．146wt．％Ti合金的模拟海水全浸实验结果表明：泡沫合金的耐腐蚀性能随着孔率增加显著下降．     

镁颗粒在烧结过程中的变化方式及其对泡沫铝制备的影响

 研究了粉末冶金法制备泡沫铝材料过程中,提高可发泡预制坯致密度的方法.分析了预制坯制备过程中影响致密度的因素以及致密化过程;研究了烧结处理过程中烧结温度、烧结时间对预制坯内部组织结构及其致密度的影响.着重分析了烧结处理对Mg颗粒以及泡沫铝孔径结构的影响.对于粉末粒度为75~150μm的原料粉末来说,将在400MPa的压制压力下制备的预制坯进行450℃烧结处理2h以上,可提高预制坯的致密度并能够增加基体的连续性,烧结后Mg颗粒尺寸为原来的2~3倍.实验结果表明：采用冷压的方式,在400MPa的压力下,对经过450℃烧结2h后的预制坯进行发泡,可以得到孔径均匀、孔隙率高的泡沫铝材料.     

Corrosion study of resorbable Ca60Mg15Zn25 bulk metallic glasses in physiological fluids

The corrosion activity of amorphous plates of Ca_(60)Mg_(15)Zn_(25)alloy was investigated.The biocompatible elements were selected for the alloy composition.The electrochemical corrosion and immersion tests were carried out in a multi-electrolyte fluid and Ringer's solution.Better corrosion behavior was observed for the samples tested in a multi-electrolyte fluid despite the active dissolution of Ca and Mg in Ringer's solution.The experimental results indicated that reducing concentration of NaCl from 8.6 g/dm~3for Ringer's solution to 5.75 g/dm~3caused the decrease of the corrosion rate.The volume of the hydrogen evolved after 480 min in Ringer's solution(40.1 ml/cm~2)was higher in comparison with that obtained in a multi-electrolyte fluid(24.4 ml/cm~2).The values of opencircuit potential(E_(OCP))for the Ca_(60)Mg_(15)Zn_(25)glass after 1 h incubation in Ringer's solution and a multielectrolyte fluid were determined to be-1553 and-1536 m V vs.a saturated calomel electrode(SCE).The electrochemical measurements indicated a shift of the corrosion current density(j_(corr))from 1062μA/cm~2for the sample tested in Ringer's solution to 788μA/cm~2for the specimen immersed in a multi-electrolyte fluid.The corrosion products analysis was conducted by using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The corrosion products were identified to be CaCO_3,Mg(OH)_2,CaO,MgO and Zn O.The mechanism of corrosion process was proposed and described based on the microscopic observations.The X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)also indicated that Ca(OH)_2,CaCO_3,Zn(OH)_2and Ca(Zn(OH)_3)_2·2H_2O mainly formed on the surface of the studied alloy.     

A drainage-enhancing device for foam fractionation of proteins

The foam fractionation of nisin from its fermentation broth was studied.Two types of devices consisting of a rubber piston and a foam riser were developed to enhance foam drainage.The separation performance of these two devices was investigated.Experimental results indicated that the second device could significantly reduce the liquid fraction of the foam leaving the column,εout,leading to a higher enrichment of the out-flow stream.As its mounting height increased from 0 to 15 cm,εout declined from 7.07‰ to...     

中高渗油藏空气泡沫封堵与流度控制实验研究

注空气是提高采收率的有效技术;但对于中高渗、非均质油藏,单纯注空气容易引发气窜,加剧老井腐蚀,带来安全隐患。因此,针对此类油藏进行空气驱,需要加入泡沫进行封堵和流度控制。通过室内实验,进行了空气泡沫封堵能力影响因素的敏感性分析,研究了空气泡沫段塞在不同驱替方式和不同驱替速率下的流度控制作用。研究结果表明,温度对空气泡沫稳定性有不利影响;在实验压力范围内,高压可以提高空气泡沫的稳定性;当气液比在1∶1~2∶1之间时,空气泡沫的封堵能力达到最大值;泡沫段塞后气驱,体系阻力因子先增大后减小;泡沫段塞后水驱,在一段时间内体系的阻力因子持续增大;无论是泡沫段塞后气驱还是泡沫段塞后水驱,较高的注入速率会带来较强的封堵能力。     

填充电池组的耐撞安全性

针对圆柱电池的电池组,提出了一种新型的填充保护方式来提升电池组的耐撞安全性. 通过实验和数值模拟对比了填充电池组与无填充电池组的耐撞安全性,讨论了采用树脂和不同密度的泡沫金属作为填充材料对电池组安全性的影响. 结果表明填充电池组呈现出更高的安全性,这是由于填充材料改变了电池的受力状态,使电池受力更合理、变形更均匀,从而减少了电池的破坏风险. 树脂填充提高了电池组的硬度和刚度,在冲击荷载下,使电池组更快地进入均匀受载阶段. 泡沫金属的选取需要综合考虑材料本身吸能的能力和材料对电池组能量分布的影响,硬度适中的金属泡沫填充电池组具有较好的耐撞安全性.      

Properties of garnet-type Li6La3ZrTaO12 solid electrolyte films fabricated by aerosol deposition method

The garnet-type Li_6La_3ZrTaO_(12)(LLZT) solid electrolyte films were fabricated by aerosol deposition(AD)method.Ball-milled LLZT powder with a cubic garnet structure and a particle size of 1-2 urn was used as raw material and deposited directly on a SUS316L or a glass substrate via impact consolidation.As-deposited LLZT film has a cubic garnet structure but contains Li_2CO_3 and La_2Zr_2O_7 phases.SEM observation revealed that the film consists of LLZT particles fractured into submicron size.The impurity phase formation during AD process was caused by the local heating by the collision between LLZT particles and deposition surface and reaction with CO_2.The Li~+ ion conductivity of LLZT film was estimated to be 0.24 × 10~(-5)S cm~(-1) at room temperature.Electronic conductivity of LLZT film was confirmed to be around 10~(-12) S cm~(-1),indicating the dominant Li~+ ion conduction of LLZT film.     

Influence of gravity on narrow input forced drainage in 2D liquid foams

Liquid foam is a dense packing of gas bubbles in a small amount of liquid containing surfactants or other surface-active macromolecules, which is one of the highly organized materials and possesses hallmark rheological behaviour of soft matters. Forced foam drainage is the flow of constantly inputted liquid through the network of interstitial channels between bubbles under actions of gravity and capil-larity. This process involves two mechanisms: minimal viscous flow dissipation of liquid and minimal surface energy of bubbles. For constant surfactant solution, viscous dissipation usually varies with gravity. This work reports simulations of 2D forced foam drainage with narrow input in a Hele-Shaw cell under 8 different gravities, g, ranging from 9.8 to 0 ms?2. The spread of liquid both vertical due to gravity action, and horizontal due to capillary suction, is recorded over time. Positions of drainage wave fronts in both directions with time are found to be well described in the power law form, and the exponents are 0.536 5.29×10-3g and 0.479?7.27×10-3g, respectively, while the sum is close to a constant of 1.015 which is independent of gravity. For g=9.8 ms-2, the calculated exponents are in good agreement with experimental results by Hutzler et al. and Wang.