空间听觉与虚拟听觉空间的计算机仿真

一些科学工作者对人类以及动物听觉的自由声场至耳膜的传递函数进行了测量。他们发现在宽带信号激励的情况下，不同频率分量之间的幅度差异是与声源的方向有关的。这一发现已被用于展现“真实”的三维听觉，称作虚拟听觉空间仿真。     

听觉线索引导大鼠空间定位

运用Morris水迷宫实验模式,研究听觉线索在大鼠进行空间定位时的作用.结果显示:听觉线索引导组和对照组动物在4 d内寻找平台的时间和错误率均显著下降.但与对照组动物相比,听觉线索引导组动物寻找隐藏平台的时间和错误率均较低,2组之间具有显著性差异(P<0.05).对动物的轨迹分析发现,听觉线索引导组和对照组动物在水池边缘区域分配的时间不同,提示2组动物寻找平台所用的策略不同.实验结果提示,大鼠能够利用单独的声音线索进行空间定位.     

听觉性失语症康复治疗——基于听觉fMRI研究

听觉性失语症病例在逐年增加,针对不同情况的脑功能区受损失语症病例,要采用不同的康复计划.而对于语言脑功能区的精确定位和准确定论是康复治疗的前提和重点.该文从听觉语义加工和听觉语音加工两个部分对语言脑区的听觉fMRI研究成果进行概述.基于前人的研究成果,对近年相关研究进行总结和展望,以期推动失语症康复治疗的发展.     

电视广告中的听觉设计

本文从电视广告听觉设计入手,首先从整体上论述声音在广告中的作用,然后分类说明音乐、音响以及广告歌、广告词这些广告中不可缺少的听觉因素在电视广告中的作用,从而论证了听觉设计在电视广告中的重要性。     

听觉审美空间的“遮蔽”与“敞开”二重性——以文化类综艺节目为例

随着电子信息技术的迅猛发展,视觉文化遮蔽了传统的审美观念,技术重构了文化传播的形式,而听觉审美空间被大众忽视,以当下最具有典型性的文化类综艺节目为例来解读听觉审美空间的二重性。听觉审美空间的"遮蔽"是指在视觉文化凝视下被遮蔽听觉诗意化的魅力,而听觉审美空间的"敞开"在当下的表现为不确定性与多义性,从灵韵消亡层面来解读听觉艺术治疗性。听觉审美空间可阐释性是无穷的,听觉文化的魅力值得探索和挖掘。     

一种听觉显著图提取模型

本文基于人耳听觉特性提出了一种改进的自下而上听觉显著图提取模型.该模型根据人耳听觉系统对声音分频道处理以及声音信号时间方向的差异更能有效表征听觉显著性这两个特点进行显著图提取.首先对输入声音信号进行短时傅立叶变换(SFFT)得到声音信号的听觉图谱,然后重新划分频带并在各频带上采用一维高斯滤波器组进行不同尺度的时域滤波,再利用中心-周边差算子计算各频带的听觉显著度并进行跨尺度整和,最后将各频带的听觉显著度线性合并之后得到最终的听觉显著图.仿真实验的结果表明该模型提取的听觉显著图更准确.     

听觉思维与音乐语言

声乐是用人声表现音乐 ,声音的质量和表现力是由人的大脑听觉思维塑造的 .因此 ,学习歌唱要注意音乐语言的积累和听觉思维的培养     

音乐创作中的内心听觉与想象

音乐创作需要作曲家在一片空白的听觉空间中建造起一座宏伟的音乐大厦 ,它需要依靠广阔的想象力和内心听觉去帮助它完成这一过程。所以说内心听觉及想象是艺术创作最重要的心理因素 ,音乐创作比任何其它艺术创作更需要想象 ,因为它在现实中找不到模式     

扬琴演奏中的听觉运用研究

在结合扬琴教学与演奏基础上，通过文献资料法对听觉在扬琴演奏过程中的意义、作用与方法进行研究，以期通过研究希望更多的扬琴演奏者关注听觉的重要性，并常识性地提出听觉的练习方法。     

视唱练耳教学中的听觉训练

听觉是人们辨别声音特性的一种感觉,通过一定的训练人们会对音高、节奏以及和弦的色彩等作出更加敏锐的反应。作为音乐中最基本的功能体系,调性在传统音乐创作中具有举足轻重的作用,现代作曲家们向传统音乐创作的挑战,主要就是从调性入手。本文分析了现代音乐与传统音乐在听觉感知上存在的差异,并对现在音乐听觉训练的策略与方法进行了尝试性的探索。     

刺激大鼠杏仁外侧核对听皮层神经元调频声反应的影响

采用在体细胞外单细胞记录方法,研究电刺激杏仁外侧核对调频声所诱发的听皮层神经元反应的影响.实验在34只乌拉坦麻醉的SD大鼠上进行,在皮层41区记录了113个对调频声有反应的细胞电活动.观察发现,这些神经元对调频声刺激的反应可分为ON反应,OFF反应,ON-OFF反应,持续性反应和给声抑制反应几种类型.在观察对其中42个神经元的声反应时给予了杏仁外侧核电刺激,其中22%的神经元反应被易化,48%的神经元反应受到了抑制,另外30%神经元的声反应未受杏仁外侧核刺激的影响.这些影响进一步表明,杏仁复合体可在皮层水平参与听觉上传信息的处理,包括听觉信息的加工与整合.同时也表明杏仁核在上传听觉信息的筛选中可能具有重要的作用.     

Hearing visual motion in depth

Auditory spatial perception is strongly affected by visual cues. For example, if auditory and visual stimuli are presented synchronously but from different positions, the auditory event is mislocated towards the locus of the visual stimulus-the ventriloquism effect. This 'visual capture' also occurs in motion perception in which a static auditory stimulus appears to move with the visual moving object. We investigated how the human perceptual system coordinates complementary inputs from auditory and visual senses. Here we show that an auditory aftereffect occurs from adaptation to visual motion in depth. After a few minutes of viewing a square moving in depth, a steady sound was perceived as changing loudness in the opposite direction. Adaptation to a combination of auditory and visual stimuli changing in a compatible direction increased the aftereffect and the effect of visual adaptation almost disappeared when the directions were opposite. On the other hand, listening to a sound changing in intensity did not affect the visual changing-size aftereffect. The results provide psychophysical evidence that, for processing of motion in depth, the auditory system responds to both auditory changing intensity and visual motion in depth.     

视、听偏差刺激选择性注意的ERPs研究

本实验采用了视听双通道伪同时呈现的oddball模式,以汉字和简单几何图形为视觉刺激,1000Hz和800Hz的纯音为听觉刺激,使用注意通道(注意和非注意条件)×刺激概率(偏差刺激概率均为15%,标准刺激的概率均为85%)的2×2因素设计,来研究视觉和听觉偏差刺激在注意和非注意条件下诱发的事件相关电位(ERPs)。实验中视觉和听觉刺激随机序列地呈现给被试(刺激间隔ISI为700～1300ms),被试被要求注意某一通道如视觉通道,而相应地忽视另一通道即听觉通道,以左右手触键反应,如左手反应视觉偏差刺激,右手反应视觉标准刺激。结果表明,听觉偏差刺激在注意和非注意条件下均诱发了类似的不匹配负波(MMN);而视觉偏差刺激在注意和非注意条件下没有诱发MMN或类似MMN的成分,这是因为视觉系统的平行加工特性和难以对视觉影像产生记忆痕迹。听觉偏差刺激在注意条件下重迭了N2b成分并跟随了P3a成分,这种重迭和跟随反映了选择注意中的定向反应。注意条件下听觉和视觉的偏差刺激诱发了较大波幅的P300成分,反映了工作记忆中的表象更新。本实验的结果支持Naatanen对MMN所做的观察,听觉偏差刺激所诱发的MMN与注意条件的无关性反映了听觉通道中感觉刺激特征的自动化加工。     

A corollary discharge maintains auditory sensitivity during sound production

Speaking and singing present the auditory system of the caller with two fundamental problems: discriminating between self-generated and external auditory signals and preventing desensitization. In humans and many other vertebrates, auditory neurons in the brain are inhibited during vocalization but little is known about the nature of the inhibition. Here we show, using intracellular recordings of auditory neurons in the singing cricket, that presynaptic inhibition of auditory afferents and postsynaptic inhibition of an identified auditory interneuron occur in phase with the song pattern. Presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibition persist in a fictively singing, isolated cricket central nervous system and are therefore the result of a corollary discharge from the singing motor network. Mimicking inhibition in the interneuron by injecting hyperpolarizing current suppresses its spiking response to a 100-dB sound pressure level (SPL) acoustic stimulus and maintains its response to subsequent, quieter stimuli. Inhibition by the corollary discharge reduces the neural response to self-generated sound and protects the cricket's auditory pathway from self-induced desensitization.     

论好莱坞电影导演的视点处理

电影导演的视点处理（电影导演的聚焦处理）是导演对视觉聚焦、听觉聚焦、认知聚焦的综合运用。其对视觉聚焦的处理包括对零视觉聚焦和内视觉聚焦（包括原生内视觉聚焦与次生内视觉聚焦）的综合运用。其对听觉聚焦的处理包括对零听觉聚焦和内听觉聚焦（包括原生内听觉聚焦与次生内听觉聚焦）的综合运用。其对认知聚焦的处理包括对内认知聚焦、外认...     

Neuroimaging studies of self-reflection

This paper reviews some basic findings and methodological issues in neuroimaging studies of self-referential processing.As a general rule,making judgments about one's self,inclusive of personality trait adjectives or current mental states(person's prefer ences,norms,aesthetic values and feeling)uniformly generates medial prefrontal activations,regardless of stimulus materials(words or pictures)and modality(visual or auditory).Cingulate activations are also observed in association with most self-referential processing.Methodological issues include treating self-referential processing as either representing one's own personality traits or representing one's own current mental states.Finally,self-referential processing could Be considered as implement of "I think therefore I am" approach to neuroimaging the self.     

头相关传输函数与虚拟听觉重放

头相关传输函数（HRTF）是自由场情况下点声源到双耳的声学传输函数,包含有声源定位的主要物理信息,在双耳听觉物理的研究中是非常重要的.虚拟听觉重放是HRTF的一个重要应用,它采用HRTF信号处理的方法模拟声源到双耳声学传输过程,从而在声重放中产生相应的空间听觉事件.目前HRTF与虚拟听觉重放已成为物理学（声学）、信号处理、听觉生理等研究领域的热门与前沿课题,受到国内外多学科研究工作者的共同关注,并在众多的领域得到广泛的应用.该文综述HRTF与虚拟听觉重放的基本原理与国内外研究进展,并概述了虚拟听觉重放的一些重要应用.     

Visual behaviour mediated by retinal projections directed to the auditory pathway

An unresolved issue in cortical development concerns the relative contributions of intrinsic and extrinsic factors to the functional specification of different cortical areas. Ferrets in which retinal projections are redirected neonatally to the auditory thalamus have visually responsive cells in auditory thalamus and cortex, form a retinotopic map in auditory cortex and have visual receptive field properties in auditory cortex that are typical of cells in visual cortex. Here we report that this cross-modal projection and its representation in auditory cortex can mediate visual behaviour. When light stimuli are presented in the portion of the visual field that is 'seen' only by this projection, 'rewired' ferrets respond as though they perceive the stimuli to be visual rather than auditory. Thus the perceptual modality of a neocortical region is instructed to a significant extent by its extrinsic inputs. In addition, gratings of different spatial frequencies can be discriminated by the rewired pathway, although the grating acuity is lower than that of the normal visual pathway.