水稻Os05g0442400基因启动子分析以及由Os05g0442400基因启动子引导GUS报告基因在转基因水稻中的表达

采用Plant CARE和PLACE软件分析预测水稻Os05g0442400基因启动子序列中可能存在的顺式作用元件.结果显示,在起始密码子ATG上游1500bp区域内,除了启动子基本的核心作用元件外,还存在一些与植物抵御非生物胁迫过程有关的作用元件、脱落酸应答元件、光诱导启动子作用元件、病原菌诱发因子作用元件,以及根特异性结合位点.采用根癌农杆菌介导法成功将Os05g0442400 promoter::gus构建导入"中花11"水稻.由不同组织部位GUS染液检测表明:在水稻苗期,内源Os05g0442400基因可能主要在根部表达;随着水稻生殖期的延续,水稻内源Os05g0442400基因在颖壳中的表达区域由上向下面积增大,并在抽穗后达到最大表达区域.这些结果可能与Os05g0442400基因启动子上分别存在根特异性结合位点和光诱导启动子作用元件具有一定的联系.     

甘蓝型油菜CCCH基因BnaA07g26050D的克隆及表达分析

油菜是我国重要的油料作物,它的产量受到各种逆境胁迫的影响.我们之前的研究表明,拟南芥CCCH锌指蛋白At C3H14控制植株生长发育的诸多过程.在本研究中,我们证实甘蓝型油菜CCCH基因Bna A07g26050D(At C3H14的同源基因)响应盐胁迫和干旱胁迫.Bna A07g26050D蛋白C端包含两个串联的CX8CX5CX3H结构域,在酵母中具有转录激活活性,类似于At C3H14.将Bna A07g26050D融合GFP转化拟南芥原生质体,发现其主要定位于细胞质和P-body中.qRT-PCR检测Bna A07g26050D基因的组织表达模式,结果表明该基因主要在上部茎、根和花中大量表达,而在其他组织中表达较低.此外,qRTPCR证实Bna A07g26050D基因在盐胁迫和干旱胁迫下表达量都明显上调,证明该基因可能参与干旱和盐胁迫.我们的研究为利用基因工程技术培育耐盐、旱油菜新品种提供了基因源.     

水稻OsGASR4基因及其启动子的克隆与表达分析

对前期克隆的水稻GAST基因家族新成员OsGASR4开展研究,利用DNAMAN软件分析水稻OsGASR4进化树;检测GA处理野生型和d 18水稻突变体后OsGASR4表达变化;利用RT PCR方法分析该基因的时空表达特性;克隆了该基因上游长约2 082 bp调控序列,并利用网络工具预测启动子顺式作用元件,构建OsGASR4启动子GUS融合表达载体,通过农杆菌介导的水稻遗传转化.结果表明:OsGASR4蛋白具有典型的GASA保守结构域,启动子里含有多个与激素响应元件、光诱导相关元件以及逆境胁迫响应元件;GA_3处理降低了OsGASR4转录水平;RT PCR检测和GUS染色的结果表明,OsGASR4在水稻茎和幼穗的表达量相对较高.表明OsGASR4可能作为GA信号途径的抑制因子参与水稻茎和穗的早期发育.     

2种非生物胁迫和7种激素对水稻OsAQP基因表达的影响

OsAQP是从cDNA文库中分离的一种新的水稻水通道蛋白基因,本实验室前期利用半定量RT-PCR技术发现该基因的表达与非生物胁迫、植物激素有关.本文采用qRT-PCR方法,检测了干旱、高盐胁迫以及ABA等7种植物激素对OsAQP在幼苗期水稻根和叶中表达的影响,结果显示干旱、高盐以及7种植物激素MeJA,SA,6-BA,GA,IAA,ABA,BR均能不同程度诱导OsAQP基因上调表达,在根中的诱导上调水平显著高于叶,提示该基因功能涉及生长发育、抗逆应答等多种生物学过程,且与水稻的根的关系更为密切.     

拟南芥NCED3基因在水稻中的过量表达可以提高水稻的干旱胁迫耐受性

9-顺-环氧类胡萝卜素双加氧酶(NCED)是高等植物脱落酸(ABA)生物合成途径中的关键酶,其催化的裂解反应直接生成ABA的前体物质.本文应用拟南芥rd29A诱导型启动子和35S组成型启动子成功地将AtNCED3基因在水稻中过量表达,通过耐旱性筛选实验证明转基因水稻对干旱胁迫的耐受性有了显著提高,并且该优良性状在T2代中得到稳定遗传.进一步的分析表明,过量表达AtNCED3可以促进转基因水稻种子的休眠;在含rd29A诱导型启动子的转基因水稻中检测到ABA下游基因OsBZ8的表达;推测 AtNCED3在水稻中的过量表达可能会提高水稻中内源 ABA的水平,从而提高植株的耐旱性.     

水稻bHLH转录因子Os11g39000的功能研究

水稻Os11g39000为非典型的bHLH家族成员,其功能尚不清楚.酵母双杂交实验表明,转录因子Os11g39000可以形成同源蛋白聚合体.随机结合位点筛选实验表明,转录因子Os11g39000可以与DNA结合,并且其结合位点初步确定为TT/CG/CACC/GT/C.Os11g39000基因的组织表达模式分析发现,Os11g39000基因主要在叶片和根中表达,推测该基因可能在叶和根的发育调控中发挥作用.水培实验发现,该基因功能缺陷型转基因株系的根长显著短于野生型,表现出明显的根部发育缺陷,表明Os11g39000在水稻根的发育中起调控作用.Q-PCR分析进一步证明,功能缺陷型转基因植株体内生长素合成和信号转导相关基因表达量显著上升,表明转录因子Os11g39000参与了水稻生长素的合成和信号转导的调控.     

碳饥饿和盐胁迫处理过表达OsAtg8a水稻转化植株的基因表达分析

为了探究Os Atg8a在水稻碳饥饿和盐胁迫过程中的作用,通过农杆菌介导法获得了过表达Os Atg8a的水稻转化植株.分别对野生型植株和转基因植株进行碳源饥饿处理0、8、16、24和48 h,发现碳饥饿处理时间为0、8、16、24 h时野生型植株和转基因植株中基因表达量均没有发生明显变化,处理48 h时,过表达Os Atg8a植株的Os Atg1a、Os Atg4a、Os Atg8a、Os Atg13a、Os Atg16a和Os TOR基因表达量均显著高于对照植株.盐胁迫处理组合下,发现250 mmol/L Na Cl处理4 h的过表达Os Atg8a植株中,Os Atg8a和Os Atg16a的表达量较未处理的转基因植株表达量明显增加,Os Atg8a的表达量较野生型增加了36倍.针对过表达Os Atg8a转化植株在无碳源和高盐胁迫过程中相关自噬基因表达量明显升高的结果,推测Os Atg8a基因在水稻抗非生物胁迫的过程中具有重要的作用.     

一个水稻类受体蛋白激酶OsRPK2的过量表达分析

为了解类受体蛋白激酶Os RPK2在水稻发育中的作用,采用反向遗传学方法构建了该蛋白激酶基因的过表达载体,将其导入野生型水稻中获得转基因植株后,观察植株的表型变化以及该基因在水稻植株不同部位的表达情况.结果发现,Os RPK2的转基因植株产生白化现象,q RT-PCR分析表明白化植株中Os RPK2的表达量明显增加,说明水稻转基因植株的白化表型是由Os RPK2基因的过表达造成的.Os RPK2的组织特异性表达结果表明,Os RPK2在水稻的不同组织器官中均有表达,但在水稻幼嫩的分生组织和幼龄叶片中表达量较高,反映了Os RPK2在水稻植株发育及建成中具有重要作用.     

基于Gene-Deletor系统的安全复合性状转基因烟草研究

本研究利用农杆菌介导法将带有水稻花粉特异启动子籼稻花粉过敏原基因(OSIPA)启动子驱动的Gene-Deletor外源基因清除系统,水稻Os GA3ox2(D18)启动子驱动水稻Os GA2ox1基因,玉米Ubiquitin启动子驱动BAR::GUS融合基因为筛选标记基因以及水稻Actin1启动子驱动驱动抗虫Cry1Ab基因复合性状植物表达载体p GM626-D18-Os GA2ox1遗传转化三星烟草。通过GUS组织化学染色及PCR分子鉴定,获得了43株转基因烟草植株。结果表明,水稻OsGA2ox1基因在烟草中表达能降低转基因烟草植株高度,但不影响植株生殖生长。转基因烟草对烟草斜纹夜蛾幼虫具有抗性,可抑制烟草斜纹夜蛾幼虫的取食与发育。以50 mg/L的除草剂Basta处理野生型和转基因烟草离体叶片,发现BAR基因提高了烟草抗除草剂的能力。对12株转基因烟草T0代花粉外源基因清除效率进行研究,发现部分烟草株系外源基因清除可达到100%,其他未完全清除外源基因株系的清除效率介于42.84%~99.97%之间。     

金发草GDP-D-甘露糖焦磷酸化酶基因的克隆及功能分析

通过RACE-PCR技术克隆得到金发草GMP基因的cDNA全长序列,命名为PpGMPase(GenBank序列号:KF586841).该基因开放阅读框长度为1086bp,编码361个氨基酸,分子式为C1787H2874N474O509S17;DNA序列由4个外显子和3个内含子组成;该基因与玉米、水稻、猕猴桃、烟草、拟南芥、番木薯等植物GMP基因具有较高的同源性,与二穗短柄草亲缘关系最近.采用荧光定量PCR方法对该基因响应非生物胁迫(盐、干旱和冷胁迫)的表达模式进行分析,结果表明:在高盐、干旱及低温胁迫后GMP基因的表达量都有显著性增加,并且其催化产物抗坏血酸含量也随之增加.     

水稻品种耐旱性鉴定的形态学评价指标研究

水稻耐早性鉴定是选育耐早水稻品种的前提。以22个水稻、陆稻和早稻品种为材料,研究了在干旱胁迫条件下,不同品种(组合)幼苗反复干旱存活率、播抽历期(日数)、株高、单穗重、着粒数、实粒数、结实率和千粒重等方面的变化趋势。苗期耐旱性鉴定中,采用幼苗反复干旱存活率,对苗期耐旱性进行评价,全生育期耐旱鉴定中,通过多重相关分析和产量结构分析,筛选出播抽历期(日数)、株高和单穗重3个与产量形成关系最密切因素的干旱胁迫指数,构成综合耐早指数,采用综合耐旱指数作为评价水稻品种全生育期耐旱性的指标,最后提出了苗期耐旱性鉴定和全生育期耐旱性鉴定的分级标准。     

Genetic analysis and fine mapping of an enclosed panicle mutant esp2 in rice （Oryza sativa L.）

The phenomenon of panicle enclosure in rice is mainly caused by the shortening of uppermost internode.Elucidating the molecular mechanism of panicle enclosure will be helpful for solving the problem of panicle enclosure in male sterile lines and creating new germplasms in rice.We acquired a monogenic recessive enclosed panicle mutant,named as esp2 (enclosed shorter panicle 2),from the tissue culture progeny of indica rice cultivar Minghui-86.In the mutant,panicles were entirely enclosed by flag leaf sheaths and the uppermost internode was almost completely degenerated,but the other internodes did not have obvious changes in length.Genetic analysis indicated that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a recessive gene,which could be steadily inherited and was not affected by genetic background.Apparently,ESP2 is a key gene for the development of uppermost internode in rice.Using an F 2 population of a cross between esp2 and a japonica rice cultivar Xiushui-13 as well as SSR and InDel markers,we fine mapped ESP2 to a 14-kb region on the end of the short arm of chromosome 1.According to the rice genome sequence annotation,only one intact gene exists in this region,namely,a putative phosphatidylserine synthase gene.Sequencing analysis on the mutant and the wild type indicated that this gene was inserted by a 5287-bp retrotransposon sequence.Hence,we took this gene as a candidate of ESP2.The results of this study will facilitate the cloning and functional analysis of ESP2 gene.     

Promoter of soybean early nodulin gene<Emphasis Type="Italic">enod2B</Emphasis> is induced by rhizobial Nod factors in transgenic rice

Nod factors, which are signaling molecules produced by Rhizobia, are the principal determinants of host specificity in Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. Nod factors can elicit a number of characteristic developmental responses in the roots of legumes, such as depolarization of the membrane potential in epidermal cells, specific expression of early nodulin genes and changes in the flux of calcium in root hairs, deformation of root hairs, cell division in the root cortex and formation of the nodule primordinm. Whether the rice plant can respond to signaling molecules (i.e. Nod factors) is an important question, as it could establish the potential for symbiotic nitrogen fixation in rice. The promoter of the soybean (Glycine max) early nodulin gene Gmenod2B fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene was used as a molecular marker to explore whether Nod factors can be recognized by rice cells as signaling molecules. Transgenic rice plants harboring the chimeric gene Gmenod2BP-GUS were obtained via an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated system. NodNGR factors produced by a broad-host-range Rhizobium strain NGR234(pA28) were used as probes to investigate the activity of the Gmenod2B promoter in rice. Our results showed that the early nodulin gene Gmenod2B promoter was induced by NodNGR factors in transgenic rice, and that it was specifically expressed in rice plant roots. Moreover, GUS gene expression driven by the Gmenod2B promoter in transgenic rice was regulated by nitrogen status. These findings indicated that rice possessed the ability to respond to Nod factor signals, and that this signal transduction system resulted in activation of the Gmenod2B promoter. Thus, we predict that the Nod-factor inducible nodulin expression system, which is similar to Rhizobium-legume symbiosis, may also exist in rice.     

Over-expression of an Arabi-dopsisd δ-OAT gene enhances salt and drought tolerance in transgenic rice

δ-OAT, ornithine-δ-aminotransferase, is the key enzyme involved in proline biosynthesis. In this study the Arabidopsis δ-OAT gene was transferred into rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp japonica cv. Zhongzuo 321), whose successful integration was demonstrated by PCR and Southern blot analysis. The over-expression of the gene in transgenic rice was also confirmed. Biochemical analysis showed that, under salt or drought stress conditions, proline contents in the leaves and roots in transgenic rice plants were 5- to 15-fold of those in non-transgenic controls. Under stress conditions, germinating rate of transgenic lines is higher than that of controls. Although the growth of rice plants tested were more and more retarded with the increasing of NaCI concentration, the transgenic plants grow faster compared to the controls under the same stress condition. Meanwhile, the resistance to KCl and MgSO4 stresses was also found enhanced in transgenie rice. Furthermore, the over-expression of δ-OAT also improved the yield of transgenic plants under stress conditions. The average yield per plant of transgenic lines increases about 12%--41% more than that of control line sunder 0.1 mol/L NaCI stress. These data indicated that the over-expression of δ-OAT, with the accumulation of proline, resulted in the enhancement of salt and drought tolerance and an increase of rice yield, which is of significance in agriculture.