Improvements in the microstructure and fatigue behavior of pure copper using equal channel angular extrusion

In this study, annealed pure copper was extruded using equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) for a maximum of eight passes. The fatigue resistance of extruded specimens was evaluated for different passes and applied stresses using fatigue tests, fractography, and metallography. The mechanical properties of the extruded material were obtained at a tensile test velocity of 0.5 mm/min. It was found that the maximum increase in strength occurred after the 2nd pass. The total increase in ultimate strength after eight passes was 94%. The results of fatigue tests indicated that a significant improvement in fatigue life occurred after the 2nd pass. In subsequent passes, the fatigue life continued to improve but at a considerably lower rate. The improved fatigue life was dependent on the number of passes and applied stresses. For low stresses (or high-cycle fatigue), a maximum increase in fatigue resistance of approximately 500% was observed for the extruded material after eight passes, whereas a maximum fatigue resistance of 5000% was obtained for high-applied stresses (or low-cycle fatigue). Optical microscopic examinations revealed grain refinements in the range of 32 to 4 μm. A maximum increase in impact energy absorption of 100% was achieved after eight passes. Consistent results were obtained from fractography and metallography examinations of the extruded material during fatigue tests.     

等通道转角挤压对铝青铜合金组织及摩擦学性能的影响

对铝青铜合金(Cu-10%Al-4?)进行了等通道转角挤压(ECAE)热加工处理,研究了ECAE对合金微观组织、力学性能及摩擦学性能的影响.结果表明:ECAE热挤压后合金的晶粒显著细化,晶粒尺寸随着挤压道次的增加而逐步减小;晶粒细化导致合金的硬度与屈服强度显著增加,提高了合金抵抗塑性变形能力,减轻了磨粒对合金表面的犁削作用;ECAE热挤压细化了合金中的第二相,减小了脱落硬质颗粒压入合金表面的深度与宽度,降低了合金的磨损量,提高了合金的摩擦学性能.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of ZE10 magnesium alloy prepared by equal channel angular pressing

ZE10 magnesium alloy was subjected to equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) up to 12 passes in a die with an angle of 120° between the two channels at 250-300℃. An inhomogeneous microstructure of bimodal grains including fine grains of 1-2 μm as well as coarse grains of about 20μm was obtained after the initial 1-4 ECAP passes. The grain size became increasingly homogeneous with further ECAP processing and the grains were significantly refined to 1-2 ktm after 8 passes and further refined to 0.5-1 μm after 12 passes. The alloy's yield strength changed slightly but the ductility improved greatly initially up to 4-6 passes corresponding to the bimodal grain microstructure. And after the subsequent pressing of more than 8 passes, the tensile strength including yield strength improved while the elongation decreased gradually.     

挤压工艺对可生物降解 Mg–5Zn–1.5Y 镁合金显微组织及力学性能和腐蚀性能的影响

本研究分析了挤压温度和挤压比对 Mg–5Zn–1.5Y 合金的显微组织、硬度、压缩和腐蚀行为的影响。显微组织观察表明，铸造合金由α-Mg晶粒和Mg₃Zn₆Y和Mg₃Zn₃Y₂金属间化合物组成，主要位于α-Mg晶界上。较高温度下的挤压合金显示出较粗的晶粒微观结构，而以较高比率挤压的合金含有较细的微观结构，尽管在两种条件下都测量到具有较低金属间化合物的更多动态再结晶晶粒。较低温度 (340°C) 和较高比率 (1:11.5) 的组合条件提供了较高的抗压强度。然而，没有实现显着的硬度改善。挤压工艺可以降低铸造合金在模拟体液中的腐蚀率超过 80%，这主要是由于细化了微观结构。与挤压比相比，挤压温度对耐腐蚀性能的影响更为显着，挤压温度越高，耐腐蚀性能越高。     

等径弯角挤压处理对TiNi合金磨损性能的影响

以热锻态Ti-50.6%Ni合金为原料,采用新型的等径弯角挤压(ECAE)工艺在高温下制备了微米级TiNi合金块体材料,考察了ECAE及退火处理对TiNi合金磨损性能的影响.结果表明,与原态合金相比,经过ECAE及退火处理的TiNi合金由于发生了严重的塑性变形,导致晶粒细化,从而提高了合金抗塑性变形的能力,改善了TiNi合金的耐磨性.TiNi合金磨损量随载荷和滑动距离的增加而增加;TiNi合金磨损表面主要表现为粘着磨损.     

摩擦阻力对纯铝在等径弯角挤压过程中变形的影响

室温下对纯铝试样进行了等径弯角挤压(ECAE),通过对挤压后纯铝试样的宏观变形及微观形貌分析,探讨了ECAE过程中模具内壁与试样之间的摩擦阻力对试样变形的影响,得到了滞变区比例与挤压位移之间的关系．结果表明：挤压过程中试样在模具通道内角点附近形成难变形区;在模具通道外角点形成变形死区;试样的芯部变形比较均匀,为明显的剪切变形;受摩擦阻力的影响,试样顶部和底部均出现了滞变区,该区域呈轴对称分布且沿试样长度方向逐渐向试样芯部扩展;滞变区比例随挤压的进行而增大．     

提高轴承套圈热反挤压成形模具的力学性能试验

通过对3Cr2W8V钢超低温处理试验的研究表明:在常规淬火、回火后进行的超低温改性处理会使合金钢的回火马氏体中析出大量微细的碳化物颗粒,这些颗粒会均匀、弥散地分布在马氏体的孪晶带上;不仅提高了合金钢的强度、硬度等力学性能,同时增加了冷-热疲劳抗力和抗回火稳定性.将该项新技术应用到轴承套圈热反挤压成形模具上,明显延长了模具的使用寿命,取得了良好的经济效益.     

等通道转角挤压对铝青铜力学性能的影响

采用等通道转角挤压（ECAE）工艺对铝青铜(Cu 10%Al 4%Fe)进行热处理,研究了ECAE处理工艺中预热温度、挤压道次及退火处理对铝青铜外观形貌、微观组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明:在650 °C的预热温度下,铝青铜可以顺利通过ECAE挤压通道;随着ECAE挤压道次从1增至4,铝青铜的显微硬度、屈服强度及延伸率显著增加;经500 °C退火60 min处理后,铝青铜的力学性能最佳.     

大塑性变形过程中IF钢的组织演变

在室温下,使用半连续等通道挤压法对单块IF钢试样进行重复大变形实验,通过电子背散射衍射方法,对在此晶粒细化过程中的材料组织进行了分析讨论.结果表明,在不同挤压道次中组织变形主要发生在沿两通道连接的剪切面上,且材料由切应变产生塑性变形,挤压后的试样组织在横截面上应力保持一致;随着应变的增加,材料的组织细化不断加强;10道次后,最终的大角度晶界(HAB)占总数的90%左右,同时大角度晶界的间隙减少到1μm左右,试样的平均晶粒尺寸达到055μm左右.     

等径角挤压工艺对Ti5553合金冲蚀磨损性能的影响

摘要： 考察了经等径角挤压（ECAE）处理前后的Ti5553合金在含泥沙海水环境中的冲蚀磨损特性,采用扫描电子显微镜观察冲蚀磨损后的试样表面形貌并结合MATLAB软件进行定量分析,探讨了Ti5553合金显微组织、力学性能及冲蚀机理的演变对其冲蚀磨损性能的影响.结果表明：经ECAE处理后,Ti5553合金的抗冲蚀磨损性能明显提高,这是由于ECAE工艺能够通过细晶强化而提高Ti5553合金的强度与韧塑性、改善其微观组织所致;未经ECAE处理的Ti5553合金的冲蚀磨损机理为冲击变形及犁沟剥落,并伴随大面积划痕和冲击坑裂纹的产生,而经ECAE处理的Ti5553合金的冲蚀机理为轻微冲击变形及犁沟剥落,划痕和冲击坑裂纹的扩展趋势不明显.     

Recrystallization and mechanical properties of WE43 magnesium alloy processed via cyclic expansion extrusion

In this study, cyclic expansion extrusion (CEE), as a relatively new severe plastic deformation (SPD) process, is applied to a rare earth (RE) containing Mg alloy WE43. The effects of the processing temperature and the number of passes are also investigated. The results showed that dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurred after CEE processing at 400℃, and a bimodal structure with ultrafine DRXed grains surrounded the unrecrystallized grains. However, the DRX at 330℃ was retarded because of the existence of RE elements. The tensile tests showed that a simultaneous increase in the strength and the ductility of WE43 is obtained after CEE processing at 400℃ via two passes. Furthermore, the highest ultimate tensile strength of 440 MPa was achieved after the second pass of CEE at 330℃, and the highest ductility of 21% was attained after the second pass of CEE at 400℃. The microhardness measurements showed that the hardness increased from HV 80 to HV 114 and HV 98 after two passes of CEE processing at 330 and 400℃, respectively. In conclusion, increasing the processing passes could increase the mechanical properties and the volume fraction of the recrystallized grains. Moreover, increasing the temperature reduced the strength and the microhardness even if the elongation increased.     

Microstructure,mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of an Al-Mg alloy processed by the cyclical continuous expanded extrusion and drawing approach

Al-Mg alloys are an important class of non-heat treatable alloys in which Mg solute and grain size play essential role in their mechanical properties and plastic deformation behaviors.In this work,a cyclical continuous expanded extrusion and drawing(CCEED)process was proposed and implemented on an Al-3Mg alloy to introduce large plastic deformation.The results showed that the continuous expanded extrusion mainly improved the ductility,while the cold drawing enhanced the strength of the alloy.With the increased processing CCEED passes,the multi-pass cross shear deformation mechanism progressively improved the homogeneity of the hardness distributions and refined grain size.Continuous dynamic recrystallization played an important role in the grain refinement of the processed Al-3Mg alloy rods.Besides,the microstructural evolution was basically influenced by the special thermomechanical deformation conditions during the CCEED process.     

6061铝合金滑板车导轨型材的质量控制

针对铝合金滑板车导轨型材制造过程中出现的质量问题,采用平模设计对铝合金挤压过程中出现的形位尺寸、缩尾与粗晶环等重大生产风险点进行了分析,并提出了降低铸锭上机温度、优化挤压模具结构等相应的控制措施,形成了质量控制方案,最终制备出符合用户要求的铝合金滑板车导轨型材产品。     

粉末高温合金FGH97疲劳裂纹扩展行为

测定不同晶粒尺寸、γ'相以及不同Hf含量的粉末高温合金FGH97在650℃高温条件下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,并将其与FGH95和FGH96两代粉末合金的疲劳裂纹扩展速率进行对比. 用定量分析的方法对FGH97合金在疲劳断裂各个阶段的行为特征进行分析. 较大晶粒尺寸的FGH97合金具有较低的裂纹扩展速率,合理的二次和三次γ'相匹配析出,可以获得较高的疲劳寿命;Hf元素的添加使合金的整体疲劳寿命增大;FGH97合金与FGH95和FGH96相比,具有较高的疲劳裂纹萌生抗力,更低的高温疲劳裂纹扩展速率.     

Effect of Mn content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–6Li–4Zn-xMn alloys

The as-cast Mg–6Li–4Zn-xMn alloys were prepared and extruded at 280 ​°C with an extrusion ratio of 25:1. The effects of Mn content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–6Li–4Zn-xMn alloys were investigated in this study. The XRD results show that Mg–6Li–4Zn–xMn alloys consisted of α-Mg (hcp) ​+ ​β-Li (bcc) duplex structured matrix, MgLi₂Zn and Mn phases. The grains of the extruded Mg–6Li–4Zn–xMn alloys were refined by dynamic recrystallization during the extrusion process. The EBSD results show that the extruded alloys had basal textures. The grain size of the extruded alloys decreased while the basal texture was strengthened with the increasing Mn addition. The TEM results show that a large amount of nanoscale Mn precipitates existed in the extruded Mg–6Li–4Zn–1.2Mn alloy, which can effectively inhibit the dynamic recrystallized (DRXed) grains growth during the hot extrusion and is beneficial to the improvement of mechanical properties. Mg–6Li–4Zn–1.2Mn alloy in this research possesses the best mechanical properties with the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of 321 ​MPa, 250 ​MPa, respectively.     

稀土Y对挤压态Mg-5Li合金组织及性能的影响

采用表面覆盖剂及氩气保护的熔炼方法制备了Mg-5Li-x Y(x=0,1,2,3,4)合金,研究了稀土元素Y对挤压态Mg-5Li合金的显微组织及力学性能的影响.研究结果表明,Mg-5Li合金中的Y元素主要是以稀土化合物Mg24Y5的形式存在于合金中;挤压变形后,合金发生了明显的动态再结晶,出现了大量的等轴晶,弥散分布的Mg24Y5相阻碍了动态再结晶过程中的晶粒长大,晶粒明显细化.挤压态Mg-5Li-3Y合金获得了优异的力学性能,其抗拉强度和断裂伸长率分别达到了231.63 MPa和9.35%,合金断裂方式主要为韧性断裂.     

铝及铝合金颗粒挤压的研究

本文介绍了铝及铝合金颗粒(含6063铝合金废屑)直接热挤压的生产工艺,研究了主要工艺参数对制品组织性能及内外质量的影响。试验结果表明,铝及铝合金颗粒直接热挤压工艺是可行的。     

6063铝合金的多轴比例疲劳特性及其微观机理

对6063铝合金进行多轴比例加载疲劳试验及微观结构观察,分析材料的疲劳特性及其微观机理.结果表明:随着等效应力幅值的提高,6063铝合金的疲劳寿命降低,材料的循环硬化现象逐渐明显,位错结构密度逐渐增大,位错由初步的交滑移结构演变为明显的迷宫状结构;使用MansonCoffin公式可对铝合金的多轴比例加载疲劳寿命进行准确的预测;位错结构是影响6063铝合金循环特性和疲劳寿命的主要因素.     

Effect of micro-alloying Ca on microstructure,texture and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Y-Ce alloys

Microstructure,texture and mechanical properties of Mg-5 Zn-0.3 Y-0.2 Ce alloys with the addition of trace xCa(x=0,0.3,0.6 wt%) were systematically investigated in this work.The results revealed that more secondary eutectic phases and smaller grain size of as-cast microstructure could be found with increasing Ca content.After hot extrusion,the Ca-free alloy showed a uniformly recrystallized grain structure,while the Ca-containing alloys possessed a bimodal grain structure composed of fine dynamic recrystallized(DRXed) grains with a size of several microns and un-recrystallized coarse grains.EBSD analysis showed that the three extruded alloys had a fiber texture of(0001) basal plane aligned with the extrusion direction.Texture intensity of the DRXed region was weaker than the deformed region.The extruded alloy with the addition of 0.6 wt% Ca exhibited the highest yield strength of 321 MPa due to the smallest DRXed grain size,the deformed region with strong basal texture and dense nanosized precipitates.     

A study of interparticulate strain in a hot-extruded SiC_p/2014 Al composite

We report a correlative study of strain distribution and grain structure in the Al matrix of a hot-extruded SiC particulate-reinforced Al composite(SiC_p/2014 Al). Finite element method(FEM) simulation and microstructure characterization indicate that the grain structure of the Al matrix is affected by the interparticulate strain distribution in the matrix during the process. Both electron-backscattered diffraction(EBSD) and selected-area electron diffraction(SAED) indicated localized misorientation in the Al matrix after hot extrusion. Scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM) revealed fine and recrystallized grains adjacent to the Si C particulate and elongated grains between the particulates. This result is explained in terms of recrystallization under an interparticulate strain distribution during the hot extrusion process.