Prediction and systematic study of protein-protein interaction networks of Leptospira interrogans

Leptospirosis, a serious and contagious zoonotic bacterial disease that havocs livers and kidneys in hu-mans and some animals, occurs in both urban and rural environments worldwide. It is caused by the genus lep- tospira, a corkscrew-shaped bacterium[1]. Though the genomes of Leptospira interrogans serovars Lai strain lai[2] and Leptospira interrogans serovars Copenhageni strain L1-130[3] were recently sequenced and many molecular and cellular studies on leptospires have been conducted, the …     

问号赖型钩端螺旋体的进化分析

 对问号赖型钩端螺旋体的复制基因进行了分析,引入以S为分歧时间的概念,通过对每个同义位点和非同义位点的核苷酸替代数目的比较,并利用最小二乘法进行了函数拟合,得出在早期复制基因受到相对松的净化选择,之后选择约束力不断增强并慢慢趋于稳定.     

Determination of the genus-specific antigens in outer membrane proteins from the strains of Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira biflexa with different virulence

Objective:To determine the existence of genus-specific antigens in outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of leptospira with different virulence. Methods: Microscope agglutination test (MAT) was applied to detect the agglutination between commercial rabbit antiserum against leptospiral genus-specific TR/Patoc I antigen and 17 strains of Leptospira interrongans belonging to 15 serogroups and 2 strains of Leptospira biflexa belonging to 2 serogroups.The outer envelopes (OEs) of L.interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar lai strain lai (56601) with strong virulence and serogroup Pomona serovar pomona strain Luo (56608) with low virulence,and L.biflexa serogroup Semaranga serovar patoc strain Patoc I without virulence were prepared by using the method reported in Auran et al.(1972).OMPs in the OEs were obtained by treatment with sodium deoxycholate. SDS-PAGE and western blot were used for analyzing the features of the OMPs on electrophoretic pattern and the immunoreactivity to the antiserum against TR/Patoc I antigen, respectively. Results:All the tested strains belonging to different leptospiral serogroups agglutinated to the antiserum against leptospiral genus-specific TR/Patoc I antigen with agglutination titers ranging from 1:256-1:512. A similar SDS-PAGE pattern of the OMPs from the three strains of leptospira with different virulence was shown and the molecular weight of a major protein fragment in the OMPs was found to be approximately 60 KDa.A positive protein fragment with approximately 32 KDa confirmed by Western blot,was able to react with the antiserum against leptospiral genus-specific TR/Patoc I antigen, and was found in each the OMPs of the three stains of leptospira.Conclusion: There are genus-specific antigens on the surface of L.interrogans and L.biflexa. The OMP with molecular weight of 32 KDa may be one of the genus-specific protein antigens of leptospira.     

利用食线虫真菌防治植物寄生线虫的研究进展

植物寄生线虫每年给农业、林业造成的损失十分巨大,食线虫真菌是植物寄生线虫生物防治中极其有用的生物资源.综述在利用这类真菌研发线虫生防菌剂中涉及的应用基础研究进展,包括食线虫真菌资源,食线虫真菌侵染线虫的分子机制,生物防治现状,杀线虫毒素概况,以及线虫生防中需要解决的生态学问题.     

Stable expression of the bacterial neor gene in Leishmania enriettii

Molecular genetic studies in parasitic protozoa have been hindered by the lack of methods for the introduction and expression of modified or foreign genes in these organisms. Two recent reports described the transient expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene under the control of parasite-specific sequences. We now describe the stable expression of a selectable marker, the gene for neomycin resistance (neor) in Leishmania enriettii. A chimaeric gene containing the neor gene inserted between two alpha-tubulin intergenic sequences was introduced into the cells and drug-resistant L. enriettii were observed which stably expressed the neor gene. One goal of this work was to analyse the sequences necessary for trans-splicing of messenger RNA, as trypanosomatids have a novel process of RNA trans-splicing, described initially in Trypanosome brucei and subsequently in several other trypanosomatids, including L. enriettii. Many trypanosomatid genes are arranged in tandem arrays and the intergenic sequences contain both the splice acceptor site for the addition of the spliced leader sequence and a putative polyadenylation site. Messenger RNA isolated from several different neor L. enrietti lines contained the spliced leader sequence joined to the neor gene at the position of the splice acceptor site in the alpha-tubulin intergenic sequence. The neor mRNA was also polyadenylated. Plasmid DNA is present within the drug-resistant organisms and appears to be extrachromosomal. The development of these methods allows the functional analysis of sequences necessary for trans-splicing.     

多花黑麦草的形态与细胞结构解剖

本研究通过对多花黑麦草 (L olium multiflorum)的植株、花、果的形态特征及种籽的果皮、种皮、胚芽、胚根鞘和盾片的上皮细胞、胚乳的淀粉和糊粉层细胞的组织细胞结构进行鉴别比较和综合分析 ,尤其是对多花黑麦草籽实是否含有与引起同属的毒麦籽实产生毒麦硷 (Temuline- C7H12 N2 O)的类似寄生病菌进行了研究与探讨 ,为口岸杂草检验检疫和牧草的引进、生产提供依据。     

Plant genetics: gene transfer from parasitic to host plants

Plant mitochondrial genes are transmitted horizontally across mating barriers with surprising frequency, but the mechanism of transfer is unclear. Here we describe two new cases of horizontal gene transfer, from parasitic flowering plants to their host flowering plants, and present phylogenetic and biogeographic evidence that this occurred as a result of direct physical contact between the two. Our findings complement the discovery that genes can be transferred in the opposite direction, from host to parasite plant.     

导引头隔离度寄生回路稳定性及测试方法

为研究导引头隔离度寄生回路稳定性,基于典型平台导引头建立了隔离度传递函数和隔离度寄生回路模型,提出了2种基于半实物仿真试验的寄生回路稳定性测试评价方法. 利用频域法解析分析了隔离度传递函数的特性,利用劳斯判据研究了制导参数与寄生回路稳定域的影响. 结合某红外图像导引头,在典型飞行条件下数值分析了隔离度传递函数特性和隔离度寄生回路稳定性能,并利用实验验证了隔离度寄生回路稳定性测试方法的有效性. 研究表明寄生回路稳定性最严重的区域位于中频段,制导参数和隔离度传递函数的幅相特性均对寄生回路的稳定性有重要影响.      

Sequence modification of merB gene and high organo-mercurial resistance of transgenic tobacco plants

Mercury pollution has caused severe damage to environment and great attention has been paid to its control. Phytoremediation may become one of the most efficient measures to recover the polluted soil since it is economical, highly efficient and friendly to environment. In this report, plant genetic engineering methods were employed to modify the DNA sequence of merB genes that catalyze the conversion of organomercurals into ionic mercury. The modified merBhe genes were introduced into tobacco by Agrobacterium, and the resultant transgenic plants were verified by Southern and Northern hybridization. High level of organomercurial resistance was detected on progenies of transgenic plants, some of which were resistant to PMA (phenyl mercury acetate) of 2.5 ?mol/L whereas 0.1 ?mol/L PMA killed the seedlings of wild-type tobacco in soiless culrure. With the increase of PMA concentration, the inhibition of the seedling growth became apparent. This result makes it possible to breed mercury-resistant tobacco for phytoremediation of mercury-polluted soil.     

Tumour necrosis factor alpha restores granulomas and induces parasite egg-laying in schistosome-infected SCID mice.

Schistosomiasis (bilharzia) is a parasitic disease caused by several species of schistosome worms (blood flukes). The key pathogenic event in this disease is the formation of granulomas around schistosome eggs trapped in portal venules of the liver. Granulomas are a distinctive form of chronic inflammation characterized by localized aggregation of activated macrophages around an inciting stimulus. Each granuloma evolves to form a fibrous scar; in schistosomiasis, the result is widespread hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension. To identify the specific immune signal molecules necessary for granuloma formation, we studied schistosome infections in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, which have normal macrophages but lack functional B or T lymphocytes. Here we report that the immunoregulatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha is necessary and sufficient to reconstitute granuloma formation in schistosome-infected SCID mice. Moreover, we find that the parasitic worms require tumour necrosis factor alpha for egg-laying and for excretion of eggs from the host. The implication of this latter result is that the parasite has adapted so successfully to its host that it uses a host-derived immunoregulatory protein as a signal for replication and transmission.     

Sequence modification of merB gene and high organomercurial resistance of transgenic tobacco plants

Mercury pollution has caused severe damage to environment and great attention has been paid to its control. Phytoremediation may become one of the most efficient measures to recover the polluted soil since it is economical, highly efficient and friendly to environment. In this report, plant genetic engineering methods were employed to modify the DNA sequence of merB genes that catalyze the conversion of organomercurals into ionic mercury. The modified merBhe genes were introduced into tobacco by Agrobacterium, and the resultant transgenic plants were verified by Southern and Northern hybridization. High level of organomercurial resistance was detected on progenies of transgenic plants, some of which were resistant to PMA (phenyl mercury acetate) of 2.5 μmol/L whereas 0.1 μmol/L PMA killed the seedlings of wild-type tobacco in soiless culrure. With the increase of PMA concentration, the inhibition of the seedling growth became apparent. This result makes it possible to breed mercury-resistant tobacco for phytoremediation of mercury-polluted soil.     

利用寄生性天敌防治青杨脊虎天牛研究

青杨脊虎天牛(Xylotrechus rusticus L.)是中国重大森林蛀干类害虫之一,由于其生活隐蔽、难以防治,对造林绿化和林业工程建设造成严重危害,笔者采用以花绒寄甲室内外寄生青杨脊虎天牛的方式研究其生物防治效果。结果显示:温度对花绒寄甲卵孵化有明显影响,室内投放花绒寄甲卵的方式对青杨脊虎天牛幼虫具有较高的寄生率,以寄主、寄甲的数量比为1:100进行木段模拟投放时,花绒寄甲对青杨脊虎天牛幼虫的寄生率达到86.67%; 在木质部裸露状木段上投放花绒寄甲成虫或卵,对天牛幼虫的平均寄生率分别为81.83%和83.29%。因此,室内释放管氏肿腿蜂对青杨脊虎天牛老龄幼虫和蛹具有较高的寄生率,建议以1:3的比例进行投放。野外防治时选用花绒寄甲卵卡防治法更为便捷,管氏肿腿蜂释放的最佳时期为青杨脊虎天牛的幼虫和蛹期。     

新一代计算机电源开关变换器的建模分析

介绍新一代计算机电源同步整流BUCK变换器工作在连续状态的建模分析,给出一种新的开关变换器的建模分析方法。该方法考虑了变换器在寄生元件,功率开关等效为理想开关与开通电阻的串联,理想开关由受控电流源和受控电压源替代,基于能量守恒原理确定开通电阻等效平均值,为了简化模型,建立了将平均寄生元件转移到电感之路中的映射规则,推导了同步整流BUCK变换器工作在连续状态的大信号平均模型、线性电路模型、DC和小信号电路模型,导出了开环传递函数,并进行了计算机仿真分析,结果令人满意。该建模分析方法的优点是考虑了变换器的寄生元件,其运算量比状态空间平均法小得多,模型直观、物理意义明确,便于进一步分析研究。     

A photosynthetic alveolate closely related to apicomplexan parasites

Many parasitic Apicomplexa, such as Plasmodium falciparum, contain an unpigmented chloroplast remnant termed the apicoplast, which is a target for malaria treatment. However, no close relative of apicomplexans with a functional photosynthetic plastid has yet been described. Here we describe a newly cultured organism that has ultrastructural features typical for alveolates, is phylogenetically related to apicomplexans, and contains a photosynthetic plastid. The plastid is surrounded by four membranes, is pigmented by chlorophyll a, and uses the codon UGA to encode tryptophan in the psbA gene. This genetic feature has been found only in coccidian apicoplasts and various mitochondria. The UGA-Trp codon and phylogenies of plastid and nuclear ribosomal RNA genes indicate that the organism is the closest known photosynthetic relative to apicomplexan parasites and that its plastid shares an origin with the apicoplasts. The discovery of this organism provides a powerful model with which to study the evolution of parasitism in Apicomplexa.     

Genomic analysis of increased host immune and cell death responses induced by 1918 influenza virus

The influenza pandemic of 1918-19 was responsible for about 50 million deaths worldwide. Modern histopathological analysis of autopsy samples from human influenza cases from 1918 revealed significant damage to the lungs with acute, focal bronchitis and alveolitis associated with massive pulmonary oedema, haemorrhage and rapid destruction of the respiratory epithelium. The contribution of the host immune response leading to this severe pathology remains largely unknown. Here we show, in a comprehensive analysis of the global host response induced by the 1918 influenza virus, that mice infected with the reconstructed 1918 influenza virus displayed an increased and accelerated activation of host immune response genes associated with severe pulmonary pathology. We found that mice infected with a virus containing all eight genes from the pandemic virus showed marked activation of pro-inflammatory and cell-death pathways by 24 h after infection that remained unabated until death on day 5. This was in contrast with smaller host immune responses as measured at the genomic level, accompanied by less severe disease pathology and delays in death in mice infected with influenza viruses containing only subsets of 1918 genes. The results indicate a cooperative interaction between the 1918 influenza genes and show that study of the virulence of the 1918 influenza virus requires the use of the fully reconstructed virus. With recent concerns about the introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses into humans and their potential to cause a worldwide pandemic with disastrous health and economic consequences, a comprehensive understanding of the global host response to the 1918 virus is crucial. Moreover, understanding the contribution of host immune responses to virulent influenza virus infections is an important starting point for the identification of prognostic indicators and the development of novel antiviral therapies.     

带有倒L寄生单元的低剖面方向图可重构天线

提出一种带有倒L寄生单元的低剖面方向图可重构天线。该天线由一个有源六边形贴片单元和两个加载开关的倒L寄生单元组成。仿真和测量结果表明:通过改变寄生单元上加载开关的状态,可以使天线工作在3种状态,即SO,OS和OO模式,其中,S代表"短路",O代表"开路"。天线工作在OO模式下,方向图在水平面内的辐射接近全向。工作在SO和OS模式下,天线可以获得良好的定向方向图,并且可以实现方向图在水平面内的切换。同时,该天线为垂直极化,具有低剖面和良好的方向图切换特性,便于与无线接入设备共形集成,适用于室内无线通信系统。     

Bioinformatics Analysis of the Relationship between Lifestyle and Prostate Cancer

In this study, we assessed the relationship between lifestyle and prostate cancer. We selected the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) dataset GSE10306 to analyze the expression levels of ataxin10(ATXN10), interferon related developmental regulator 1(IFRD1), formin-binding protein 1 like(FNBP1 L) and THO complex 2(THOC2) in prostate biopsies pre and post intensive nutrition and lifestyle intervention. Following a three-month intervention of nutrition and lifestyle, these genes showed a significant down-regulation. ONCOMINE database analysis showed that the four genes exhibited high expression in prostate cancer tissues compared with normal prostate tissues, which indicated that comprehensive lifestyle changes may modify the progression of prostate cancer mediated by altering the expression of ATXN10, FNBP1 L, THOC2 and IFRD1. Among the four genes, the high expression of IFRD1 was found to indicate a worse overall survival(OS) and disease-free survival(DFS). FNBP1 L and THOC2 were associated with CD8+ T cell infiltration of prostate cancer. We also speculated a possible regulatory network for lifestyle to influence miRNA, subsequently influencing the expression of relevant genes. Our findings suggested that these genes may be used as potential target sites for the treatment of prostate cancer.     

混联ISD悬架寄生阻尼和附加刚度对性能的影响分析

为了将混联ISD悬架工程化,提出一种液力惯容器和油气弹簧结合的混联ISD悬架设计方案.针对工程化过程中产生的寄生阻尼和附加刚度可能会恶化悬架性能的问题,建立包含惯容器寄生阻尼和油气弹簧附加刚度在内的1/4工程化混联ISD悬架模型.通过仿真计算,分析寄生阻尼和附加刚度对悬架性能的影响,并利用多目标优化方法,对寄生阻尼和附加刚度进行优化设计.结果表明,与混联ISD悬架相比,工程化混联ISD悬架的车身加速度、悬架动行程和轮胎动载荷功率谱密度低频共振峰值分别下降了9.1%,65.9%,11.8%,均方根值分别降低了1.6%,3.9%,1.1%.可见,在混联ISD悬架的工程化设计中,通过优化设计,将寄生阻尼和附加刚度控制在合理水平,能使工程化前后悬架性能基本一致.