Effect of Quercetin on Breeding and Apoptosis of Cervical Cancer HeLa Cell and on Growth of Transplanted Tumor in Nude Mice

Effect of quercetin on HeLa cell system of cervical cancer was studied by methods of MTT and Annexin V-FITC/PI. The results show that quercetin has functions of inhibiting breeding of HeLa cells and inducing apoptosis of the cells. The total apoptosis rate is positively proportional to reaction duration and concentration of quercetin used. The maximum apoptosis rate being （88.76±2.35）% was obtained when the concentration was 50.0 μmol/L and the cells were treated with quercetin for 72 hours. Based on establishing a model of tumor of cervical cancer transplanted into nude mice, quercetin of different concentrations was injected into abdominal cavity of nude mice and situation of tumor growth was reviewed. The result showed that with quercetin concent＇ration increasing from 0 to 100.0 μmol/L, the transplantation volume and weight of the tumors decreased from （279.59±70.58） mm^3 and （0.145±0.019） g to （128.72±36.12） mm^3 and （0.089± 0.019） g respectively, while apoptosis rate of the transplanted tumor increased from （9.63±1.85）% to （34,98±0.47）%, which proved that quercetin inhibited increment of volume and weight of transplanted tumor in nude mice bodies.     

Immobilization of biomacromolecules on poly-L-lactide surface via a layer-by-layer method for the improving of its cytocompatibility to bone marrow stromal cells

Hyaluronic acid （HA） and chitosan （CS） were immobilized on the surface of poly-L-lactide （PLLA） by the following procedure： Firstly, PLLA was aminolyzed with 1, 6-hexanediamine, and part of the PLLA surface ester groups were converted to free amino groups. Then negatively charged hyaluronic acid and positively charged chitosan were deposited onto the surface of aminolyzed PLLA film in a layer-by-layer assembly manner. The effect of the layer-by- layer deposition was evaluated by ATRoFTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and static contact angle measurements. The cytocompatibility of PLLA sample to bone marrow stromal cells （BMSCs） was improved after modification with chitosan and HA. The cell attachment, activity, and proliferation on CS/HA modified PLLA films were enhanced comparing with the control. The cells cultured on the modified PLLA samples excreted abundant cytoplasm and can differentiate to vascular smooth muscle （SM）-like （SM-like） cells. A macroporous three-dimensional PLLA scaffold was prepared by integrating both the technique of freeze-drying and particle leaching. Layer-by-layer modification by HA/CS and cell culture was also applied on this scaffold. The scaffold cultured with BMSCs for 2 weeks has been tested successfully in vivo as a patch for repairing the artificial incision on canine pulmonary artery.     

The molecular mechanism of embryonic stem cell pluripotency maintenance

In vitro cultured embryonic stem （ES） cells are derived from the inner cell mass （ICM） of pre-implantation embryos, and are capable of giving rise to all cell and tissue types of the three germ layers upon being injected back into blastocysts. These ceils are therefore said to possess pluripotency that can be maintained infinitely in culture under optimal conditions. Such pluripotency maintenance is believed to be due to the symmetrical cleavage of the cells in an undifferentiated state. The pluripotency of ES cells is the basis for their various practical and potential applications. ES cells can be used as donor cells to generate knockout or transgenic animals, as in vitro models of mammalian development, and as cell resources for cell therapy in regenerative medicine. The further success in these applications, particularly in the last two, is dependent on the establishment of a culture system with components in the medium clearly defined and the subsequent procedures for controlled differentiation of the cells into specific lineages. In turn, elucidating the molecular mechanism for pluripotency maintenance of ES cells is the prerequisite. This paper summarizes the recent progresses in this area, focusing mainly on the LIF/STAT3, BMPs/Smads, canonical Wnt, TGFβ/activin/nodal, PI3K and FGF signaling pathways and the genes such as oct4, nanog that are crucial in ES cell pluripotency maintenance. The regulatory systems of pluripotency maintenance in both mouse and human ES cells are also discussed. We believe that the cross-talkings between these signaling pathways, as well as the regulatory system underlying pluripotency maintenance will be the main focus in the area of ES cell researches in the future.     

Anti-TOSO antibody treatment promotes T cell activation-induced cell death （AICD） in vitro and in vivo

T cell activation-induced cell death （AICD）, that involves the induction of Fas-mediated apoptosis, is very important for the maintenance of immune homeosta- sis. TOSO was firstly described as an inhibitor of Fas- mediated apoptosis and overexpressed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Recently, TOSO was identified as IgM FcR. In this study, we produced anti-TOSO monoclonal antibody （mAb） that could block the binding of IgM to TOSO and found that T cell apoptosis is negatively cor- related with TOSO expression during T cell activation. Treatment of activated T cells with anti-TOSO blocking mAb promoted T cell AICD in in vitro AICD model, and treatment of xenogeneic-GVHD mice with the antibody also increased the sensitivity of activated T cells to Fas- induced apoptosis, which was accompanied by reduction of c-FLIPL expression and up-regulation of AP-1 complex. In summary, our data indicate the anti-apoptotic effect of TOSO in T cell AICD and open up new therapeutic prospects for the treatment of hematologic malignancies and immune disorders.     

The molecular mechanism of different sensitivity of breast cancer cell lines to TRAIL

Although Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively induces apoptosis of various cancer cells, some caner cell lines are resistant to TRAIL-induced cell death. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying TRAIL-resistance, two human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 (resistant to TRAIL) and MDA-MB-231 (sensitive to TRAIL), were used as a model system to analyze the different sensitivities to TRAIL cytotoxicity. PKCδ inhibitor rottlerin, but not MEK and ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 nor PI3K inhibitor LY294002, was shown to enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells significantly, suggesting that PKCδ might play an important role in the resistance of MCF-7 cells to TRAIL. In contrast, rottlerin, U0126, and Ly294002 had no effect on MDA-MB-231 apoptosis induced by TRAIL under the same conditions. Further experiment showed that the combination of rottlerin and TRAIL cleaved PARP in the MCF-7 cells synergistically, but not in the MDA-MB-231 cells. The role of PKCδ in TRAIL-resistant MCF-7 cells was confirmed by knocking down the endogenous PKCδ expression using RNAi technology. Furthermore, caspase-3 reconstitution in MCF-7 cells was unable to alter PKCδ expression, suggesting that innate caspase-3 deficient in the cells does not cause PKCδ high expression. These data provide evidence for the first time that PKCδ plays a critical role in breast cancer cell lines to TRAIL cytotoxicity.     

Effects of Genistein on Cell Cycle and Apoptosis of Two Murine Melanoma Cell Lines

The effects of genistein on several tumor cell lines were investigated to study the effects of gen- istein on cell growth, cell cycle, and apoptosis of two murine melanoma cell lines, B16 and K1735M2. These two closely related murine melanoma cell lines, however, have different responses to the genistein treat- ment. Genistein inhibits the growth of both the B16 and K1735M2 cell lines and arrests the growth at the G2/M phase. After treatment with 60 μmol/L genistein for 72 h, apoptosis and caspase activities were de- tected in B16 cells, while such effects were not found in K1735M2. Further tests showed that after genistein treatment the protein content and mRNA levels of p53 increased in B16, but remained the same in K1735M2. The protein content and mRNA levels of p21WAF1/CIP1 increased in both cell lines after treatment. The results show that genistein might induce apoptosis in B16 cells by damaging the DNA, inhibiting topoi- somerase II, increasing p53 expression, releasing cytochrome c from the mitochondria, and activating the caspases which will lead to apoptosis.     

Inhibition of PKB/Akt activity involved in apigenininduced apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cells

Apigenin is a flavonoid widely distributed in fruits and vegetables. It possesses growth inhibitory properties against numerous cancer cell lines. However,the molecular mechanism(s) by which api-genin elicits its effects have not been fully elucidated. Here we studied whether apigenin inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cells. We showed that the flavonoid inhibited growth of the cells and caused apoptosis,as evidenced by DNA Ladder,cleavage of pro-caspase-3 in a time-dependent manner. Induction of apoptosis was dependent on inhibition of the PKB/Akt activity. We found that while apigenin had no effect on the expression of Akt and Bad,it inhibited specific phosphorylation of the two proteins that are associated with pro-survival mechanisms. We propose that this important flavonoid induces apoptosis in gastric cancer cells by inhibiting Akt activity. Since Akt is often activated in cancers,our findings may have clinical implications.     

Apoptosis induced by （DIPP-L-Leu）2-L-Lys-OCH3 in K562 cells

Apoptosis as a mechanism of deleting cells from tissues plays an important role in physiological and varieties of pathological situations, especially cancer conditions. In order to search for tumor cells apoptosis inducers, the inhibition effects on K562 cells of N-phosphoryl dipeptide methyl esters were studied by MTT assays, and (DIPP-L-Leu)2-L-Lys-OCH3 was the compound which had the best activity. From the studies of the typical apoptotic morphologic changes, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, and flow cytometry analysis, it could be concluded that (DIPP-L-Leu)2-L-Lys-OCH3 could induce apoptosis of K562 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and the IC50 was 22.66 μmol/L according to MTT assays.     

Isolation, characterization and functional analysis of a cdc48 homologue from tobacco BY-2 cells

The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe was used to identify genes from tobacco BY-2 cells that may play roles in cell cycle regulation. A cDNA encoding a protein homologous to the yeast CDC48 was isolated and the gene was designated as NtCDC48. The cDNA contains an open reading frame coding for a predicted protein of 808 amino acids which comprises of two typical ATPase modules (aa 245?374 and aa 518?646). Overexpression of NtCDC48 in tobacco BY-2 cells led to an increase in the mitotic index as well as to the formation of diffused mitotic spindles. NtCDC48-GFP fusion proteins are distributed ubiquitously through G1 to M phases, yet their subcellular localization varied regularly along with the cell cycle progression. These results indicate that NtCDC48 may play an important role in the regulation of cell cycle in BY-2 cells.     

Effect of GbKTN1 from Gossypium barbadense on cell elongation of fission yeast（Schizosaccharomyces pombe）

The GbKTN1 gene was isolated from 10 DPA fiber cells of Gossypium barbadense using 5′RACE/3′RACE.Full-length cDNA of this gene is 2006 bp, including a 113 bp of 5′untranslated region, a 1563 bp of an open reading frame(ORF), and a 327 bp of 3′untranslated region (excluding the stop codon TAA). The ORF of GbKTN1 encodes a 521-amino acid protein with a predicted size of 55 kD. Near C-terminal of the deduced protein there is a putative ATP binding site between amino acid residues from 233 to 414. Southern blot analysis indicated that the GbKTN1 was a single copy gene in G barbadense. Combining semi-quantitative RT-PCR with Southern blot hybridization revealed that GbKTN1 expressed in all the organs detected such as roots, stems, leaves and fibers. However, the mRNA of GbKTN1 was the most abundant in fiber cells, while it was the lowest in leaves. The GbKTN1 cDNA was transformed into S. pombe to verify its function on cell elongation. Results showed that most yeast cells over expressing GbKTN1 gene were elongated dramatically with an average length increase of 2.18 times than that of the non-induced cells. Even the morphology of some yeast cells appeared irregularly. To the best of our knowledge this is the first evidence that KTN1 is correlated with cell elongation in vivo.     

Compatibility of Chitosan-Gelatin Films with Adipose Tissue Derived Stromal Cells

Introduction Chitosan, the partially N-deacetylated form of chitin, is the second most abundant biomaterial after cellulose. Due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bio- activity, chitosan and its derivant complexes have been studied in various…     

OA对人肝细胞HL-7702和肝癌细胞Bel-7402增殖的影响和对细胞凋亡的诱导作用研究

 以人肝细胞HL-7702和肝癌细胞Bel-7402为研究对象,通过MTT法、细胞外部形态观察、Annexin V.FITC&;PI双染法及TUNEL法等方法,研究了腹泻性贝毒的主要组分大田软海绵酸（Okadaic acid, OA）对其增殖的影响及对细胞凋亡的诱导作用。结果表明：OA对人两株细胞的增殖均有显著的抑制作用,24 h IC₅₀分别为65 ng/mL和60 ng/mL,且这种抑制作用呈剂量依赖性。OA导致两株细胞的形态均发生明显变化：细胞变圆,脱壁,细胞膜形成泡状突起,最终形成膜包裹的凋亡小体。Annexin V.FITC和PI双染法及TUNEL法检测均发现：OA能够诱导两株细胞发生不同程度的凋亡,且凋亡细胞的比例与OA的浓度相关。以上结果表明：OA能够通过抑制细胞增殖和诱导细胞凋亡而对人肝细胞和肝癌细胞造成影响,且这种影响的程度与OA的浓度和作用时间密切相关。     

白藜芦醇对卵巢癌细胞株SKOV-3细胞周期的影响及诱导其凋亡的机制研究

目的探讨白藜芦醇对人卵巢癌SKOV-3细胞的细胞周期及诱导其凋亡机制的影响;探讨白藜芦醇诱导人卵巢癌SKOV-3细胞凋亡的机制.方法设置不同浓度的白藜芦醇实验组(20,40,80)μmol/L及细胞对照组,PI(碘化丙啶)单染后应用流式检测分析其凋亡细胞在细胞周期中不同阶段所占百分率;应用Annexin-v/PI双标记法染色后流式检测并通过散点图分析白藜芦醇诱导对人卵巢癌SKOV-3细胞凋亡情况;免疫组织化学法检测白藜芦醇对SKOV-3细胞中凋亡相关蛋白Caspase-3的表达影响.结果 PI(碘化丙啶)单染后流式检测结果提示:白藜芦醇可以将卵巢癌SKOV-3细胞周期阻滞于S期;三色散点图提示白藜芦醇可诱导SKOV-3细胞早期凋亡的增加,此作用与白藜芦醇浓度呈正相关性;白藜芦醇可使人卵巢癌SKOV-3细胞中的Caspase-3表达增加.结论白藜芦醇可阻断SKOV-3细胞周期并诱导其早期凋亡;白藜芦醇诱导人卵巢癌SKOV-3细胞凋亡的发生可能与Caspase通路的激活有关.     

洋地黄毒苷诱导小细胞肺癌NCI-H446细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

应用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法检测洋地黄毒苷对NCI-H446细胞增殖的抑制效果;用AO-EB染色、DNA凝胶电泳分析以及AnnexinⅤ检测法检测细胞凋亡;用碘化丙啶(PI)染色测定其周期变化,利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞内活性氧(ROS)和钙离子(Ca2+)的变化.结果显示洋地黄毒苷明显抑制NCI-H446细胞增殖,AO-EB染色、DNA电泳及AnnexinV检测法显示细胞有明显的凋亡现象,PI染色显示处于S期的细胞增多,激光共聚焦显微镜观察表明细胞内活性氧和钙离子浓度均升高.表明洋地黄毒苷能明显抑制NCI-H446细胞增殖,且细胞被阻滞在S期.细胞内活性氧和钙离子浓度的增加可能与其诱导细胞凋亡有关.     

细胞周期与细胞凋亡共同的调控分子--Survivin蛋白(综述)

细胞周期与细胞凋亡是有着紧密联系的生命活动。尽管凋亡调控蛋白常常牵涉到细胞周期的调控，但是细胞周期与细胞凋亡共同的的调控分子却很少见。一个新的抗凋亡蛋白——Survivin蛋白，最近被发现同时具有调控细胞凋亡和细胞周期的双重功能，这为细胞周期与细胞凋亡之间存在紧密联系提供了有力的证据。另一方面，它的表达和分布特点对细胞增殖非常有利，提示Survivin蛋白可能是快速增殖细胞(如癌细胞)重要的测控分子。     

候选药物TW918对K-Ras突变型人肺腺癌A549细胞的体外抑制作用

探讨候选药物TW918对K-Ras突变型人肺腺癌A549细胞的体外抑制作用.以MTT法检测TW918对A549细胞的增殖抑制作用;流式细胞术检测A549细胞周期和凋亡的变化;Western blotting 检测相关蛋白的表达.结果表明:候选药物TW918可以以时间和剂量依赖性地抑制A549细胞的增殖,且作用72 h时抑制效果比吉非替尼高9.93倍;引起细胞周期阻滞于G1期,并诱导细胞发生凋亡;降低A549细胞中p-EGFR的表达,并抑制其下游PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路的激活.TW918对K-Ra     

汉黄芩素对人神经胶质瘤细胞U251的凋亡诱导作用

研究汉黄芩素对人神经胶质瘤细胞U251增殖和凋亡的影响,用不同浓度的汉黄芩素作用于U251细胞系,通过核染色观察形态变化,MTT检测细胞增殖抑制率,流式分析检测细胞的凋亡情况.结果显示,药物作用后的细胞,DAPI核染色呈致密浓染,并伴有凋亡小体的出现;MTT法测得U251细胞的增殖得到明显的抑制,抑制率随浓度和作用时间的增加而上升,其中作用24 h的IC50为145.87 μmol/L; Annexin V-FITC /PI流式细胞检测证实汉黄芩素确实可以诱导U251细胞凋亡,并有剂量依赖的性质;通过比色法证明在药物处理过的细胞中,凋亡标志性酶Caspase-3被激活,且活性随着药物浓度的升高而增强.研究表明,汉黄芩素能明显抑制U251细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,具有抗神经胶质瘤的作用.     

加热对血管平滑肌细胞的影响实验研究

 为支架磁感应热疗预防和治疗PTCA术后血管再狭窄提供基础研究数据,对临床常用的316L型不锈钢冠脉支架进行磁感应诱导升温,探讨加热对兔血管平滑肌细胞（VSMCs）的增殖、迁移、凋亡及周期的影响。将平滑肌细胞置于恒温水浴槽中,待其达到预定温度（43、47℃）后持续10min,观察细胞形态变化,采用MTT法检测加热对血管平滑肌细胞增殖活性的影响,流式细胞术检测VSMC细胞周期和细胞凋亡,划痕实验检测加热对细胞迁移能力的影响,免疫细胞化学法检测不同温度作用后血管平滑肌细胞中增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）的表达。结果发现,支架在交变磁场下可以升温至热疗所需温度,加热后细胞增殖受到了显著抑制,43℃组细胞存活率为（83.23±2.87）%,47℃组细胞存活率仅为（37.58±0.78）%。细胞的凋亡率显著增加,47℃组细胞凋亡率为（87.37±2.95）%,与对照组相比具有极显著差异,而43℃组的凋亡率为（6.00±0.26）%,与对照组相比无统计学差异。细胞周期也受到抑制,被阻滞在S期。加热后随着时间的推移,47℃组细胞的迁移能力受到显著抑制,而加热对43℃组细胞的迁移能力无显著影响。免疫细胞化学检测显示,随着温度的升高,PCNA的表达受到明显抑制。研究表明,临床常用冠脉支架在交变磁场下升温可行。加热显著抑制了细胞的增殖并促进了细胞凋亡,使细胞周期阻滞在S期,且抑制了细胞的迁移。加热能显著抑制细胞PCNA的表达,这些可能是加热抑制细胞增殖和迁移、促进凋亡的机制之一。     

Effects of low frequency electromagnetic fields on osteoblasts proliferation and cell cycle

After primary mouse osteoblasts and ROS osteo-like cells were exposed to 50 Hz low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF), the MTT method and flow cytometry have been used to determine cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis. The results show that, compared with the control, the cells after exposure are more abundant, have larger S phase ratios and lower apoptosis ratios. The results indicate that EMF has an important biological effect which influences cell proliferation and cell cycle.