三种不同类型难降解染料光催化降解动力学模式的研究

在TiO2悬浮光催化反应系统中,考察了RB、AG和MG 3种不同类型的染料在TiO2表面的吸附特性和光催化的降解过程,并提出了其相应的动力学模式。研究结果表明:染料在光催化剂表面的吸附符合Lang-muir吸附理论,染料降解脱色过程符合一级或零级反应动力学模式,染料降解CODcr过程符合一级反应动力学模式,染料降解脱色速率常数一般是溶液初始浓度的负一级反应动力学模式。     

Photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous benzene over nanosized TiO2 prepared by solvothermal method

Nanosized TiO2 particles were prepared by solvothermal method using tetrabutyl titanate as precursor,ethanol and water as solvents,and a facile immobilization method of nanosized TiO2 particles on woven glass fabric was developed. The samples obtained under various preparation conditions were charac-terized by means of thermo gravimetric analysis(TG) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) ,X-ray diffraction(XRD) ,transmission electron microscopy(TEM) ,high resolution-transmission electron mi-croscopy(HR-TEM) ,and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) . The results show that the cube-shape of TiO2 prepared by solvothermal method has good crystallinity of(101) surface,higher thermal stability and large specific surface area. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images confirmed that the immobi-lized TiO2 film was uniformly distributed and clung to the substrate firmly. The photocatalytic activity of the catalysts was tested using photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous benzene. The results show that the TiO2 calcined after solvothermal treatment suffers from lower specific surface area,and hence de-creases its photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic activities of the TiO2 by solvothermal treatment with or without calcination in degradation 400 mg/m3 benzene are 3.7 and 4.1 times as high as catalyst without solvothermal treatment,respectively.     

Nano-Ti/TiO2-PAn复合膜电极制备及其电催化降解对硝基苯酚

利用溶胶－凝胶法和电化学聚合制得Ti/nano TiO2-PAn复合膜电极,并通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及循环伏安法(CV)对制备的Ti/nano TiO2-PAn复合膜电极的结构和表面形貌进行了表征.以此电极对模拟污水进行了电化学处理,研究了nano TiO2-PAn复合膜电极初始浓度、不同扫描速度、不同扫描圈数等因素对对硝基苯酚电催化降解影响,实验表明初始浓度为320 mg/L的对硝基苯酚,经Ti/nano TiO2-PAn复合膜电极电催化降解1 h,降解率可达65.7%,在     

Preparation of Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes electrode and its application in pentachlorophenol photoelectrocatalytic degradation

Zn-doped titanium oxide （TiO2） nanotubes electrode was prepared on a titanium plate by direct anodic oxidation and immersing method in sequence. Field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM） showed that the Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes were well aligned and organized into high density uniform arrays with diameter ranging from 50 to 90 nm. The length and the thickness were about 200 and 15 nm respectively. TiO2 anatase phase was identified by X-ray diffraction （XRD）. X-ray photoelectronspectroscopy （XPS） indicated that Zn ions were mainly located on the surface of TiO2 nanotubes in form of ZnO clusters. Compared with TiO2 nanotubes electrode, about 20 nm red shift in the spectrum of UV-vis absorption was observed. The degradation of pentachlorophenol （PCP） in aqueous solution under the same condition （initial concentration of PCP： 20 mg/L; concentration of Na2SO4：0.01 mol/L and pH： 7.03） was carried out using Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes electrode and TiO2 nanotubes electrode. The degradation rates of PCP using Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes electrode were found to be twice and 5.8 times as high as that using TiO2 nanotubes electrode by UV radiation （400 μw/cm^2） and visible light radiation （4500 μw/cm^2）, respectively. 73.5% of PCP was removed using Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes electrode against 45.5% removed using TiO2 nanotubes electrode in 120 min under UV radiation. While under visible light radiation, the degradation efficiency of PCP was 18.4% using Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes electrode against 3.2% using TiO2 nanotubes electrode in 120 min. The optimum concentration of Zn doping was found to be 0.909%. The PCP degradation efficiencies of the 10 repeated experiments by Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes electrode were rather stable with the deviation within 3.0%.     

Photocatalytic degradation kinetics of Rhodamine B catalyzed by nanosized TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> film

A fixed bed photocatalytic reactor was designed,and dynamic fast scan of UV-Vis adsorption spectrum was adopted to study the photocatalytic degradation dynamic behavior of Rhodamine B,a kind of dye generally recognized as to be degraded difficultly ,on the surface of nanosized TiO2 thin film,The results indicate that the photocatalytic degradation process of Rhodamine B does not comply with the first-order reaction kinetic process ,As a result,a kinetic model of Rhodamine B photocataly tic degradation ,reaction is brough forward ,and the model is proved by the theoretical deduction and experiment.     

天然染料混合二氧化钛光降解醋酸纤维的研究

采用天然染料提取液,添加碱和Ti O2制备复合光敏剂,利用紫外可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)测试天然染料的吸收曲线,筛选出吸收峰较大、吸光效果较强的天然染料光敏剂.对添加复合光敏剂的醋酸纤维薄膜进行光催化降解测试和差热-热重(DSC-TG)以及扫描电镜(SEM)的表征.结果表明:紫草、紫苏天然染料在可见光区域的吸收较好,且两者混合后,吸收峰线性叠加,吸光度增强;天然染料添加Na OH后,吸收峰增强并发生红移;将Ti O2加入紫草和紫苏的碱性提取液中,复合光敏剂对醋酸纤维薄膜的光催化降解效果进一步提高.     

稀土离子Gd^3＋掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备及其对碱性品红降解性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Gd^3＋掺杂TiO2光催化剂,利用紫外-可见漫反射光谱对样品进行了表征.考察了纯TiO2和Gd^3＋掺杂TiO2对碱性品红染料降解性能的影响.结果发现Gd^3＋的掺入抑制了TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,与纯TiO2相比,Gd^3＋掺杂TiO2催化剂在可见光区的吸收能力增强,该催化剂光催化降解碱性品红的活性提高了20%左右.实验表明,掺杂Gd^3＋1%（质量分数）,温度为25℃,底物浓度为20 mg·L^-1时对碱性品红染料降解的效果较好.     

DSA催化电极降解对硝基苯酚的研究

对硝基苯酚是一种芳香族的急性剧毒有机污染物,不仅危害大而且来源广泛,众多行业产生的污水中都包含对硝基苯酚。为了找到一种适合的DSA阳极来高效率地降解对硝基苯酚,对四种不同材料的阳极电极（钌铱钛（Ti/TiO2-IrO2-RuO2）、钌铱钛锡（Ti/TiO2-IrO2-RuO2-SnO2）、铱钽钛（Ti/TiO2-Ta2O5-IrO2）和铱钽钛锡（Ti/TiO2-Ta2O5-IrO2-SnO2））分别降解对硝基苯酚模拟废水的产物进行了研究,通过紫外分光光度法测定不同时间段的降解产物在最大吸收波长处的吸光度,比较四种阳极电极对对硝基苯酚模拟废水降解效果的优劣,结果显示涂层含有铱钌钛元素的电极对对硝基苯酚的降解效果最佳。由此讨论电极涂层材料在降解过程中所起的作用,提出电极的降解机理。     

Photocatalytic activity of TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> sensitized by CdS quantum dots under visible-light irradiation

In this paper, CdS quantum dots sensitized TiO2 composite powders (QD-CdS/TiO2) were synthesized by impregnating TiO2 powder into CdS sol with different concentrations. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) shows the crystal structures of CdS and TiO2 are cubic phase and anatase phase separately in QD- CdS/TiO2 powder samples; the crystal size of CdS in QD- CdS/TiO2 is about 3-7 nm, while TiO2 crystal size is about 20 nm. With increasing CdS content in QD-CdS/TiO2 composite, the UV-Vis absorption spectrum shifted to the longer wavelength lines, exhibiting obvious quantum size effect. The fluorescence intensity of QD-CdS/TiO2 irradiated by blue light is weaker than that of pure CdS. When the molar ratio of CdS and TiO2 is about 1∶2, the QD-CdS/TiO2 powder has the best catalytic properties under visible-light irradiation, and the degradation rate of rhodamine B (RhB) is up to 92.2% within 60 min.     

Effect of TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> pigment gradation on the properties of thermal insulation coatings

This study was designed to evaluate the thermal performance and mechanical properties of coatings with different gradations of TiO₂ pigments. The solar reflectance, cooling performance, wash resistance, and film adhesion strength of the coatings were investigated. The influence of TiO₂ powder gradation on the final properties of the coatings was studed. The solar reflectance and the thermal insulation were observed to increase with increasing content of nanosized TiO₂. The mechanical properties of the coatings, such as their wash resistance and film adhesion strength, were observed to increase with increased incorporation of nanosized TiO₂. Such improvements in the properties of the coatings were attributed to the greater specific surface area and lower thermal conductivity of nanosized TiO₂ particles compared to normal TiO₂ particles.     

Preparation of porous nanocrystalline TiO2 electrode by screen-printing technique

Different paste has been used for preparing porous TiO2 thin film by screen-printing technique, the main component of it comes from commercial TiO2 P25 power. The dye-sensitized solar cell based on this TiO2 thin film without further chemical treatments exhibits high overall conversion efficiency of 5.81%―6.70%, even with low TiO2 content and thin film thickness. The experimental repeatability is nice and the properties of the films are uniform.     

铱钽涂层形稳阳极电极电解乙腈模拟废水

乙腈是一种脂肪族的急性剧毒有机污染物,不仅危害大而且来源广泛,众多行业产生的污水中都包含乙腈。为了找到一种适合的DSA阳极来高效率地降解乙腈,对四种不同材料的阳极电极(钌铱钛(Ti/TiO₂-IrO₂-RuO₂)、钌铱钛锡(Ti/TiO₂-IrO₂-RuO₂-SnO₂)、铱钽钛(Ti/TiO₂-Ta₂O₅-IrO₂)和铱钽钛锡(Ti/TiO₂-Ta₂O₅-IrO₂-SnO₂))分别降解乙腈模拟废水的产物进行了研究,通过国标法测定不同时间段降解产物的COD值,比较四种阳极电极对乙腈模拟废水降解效果的优劣,结果显示在降解2.5小时时涂层含有铱钽钛元素的电极对乙腈的降解效果最佳。并以此电极为代表优化降解乙腈模拟废水条件,得到最佳条件为：PH为6.60,浓度为每500ml水中含1.32ml乙腈,电压为4.10伏,在此条件下降解率可达到69.0367%。     

光源对TiO_2光催化剂性能的影响

采用阳极氧化法制备了 Ti O2 /Ti薄膜半导体光电极 ,并测试了该电极在 2 5 4 nm和365 nm两种光源照射下苯酚的转化过程。实验表明 :2 5 4 nm波长光源下苯酚的降解以均相光氧化反应为主 ;365 nm波长的光照下 ,以多相光催化反应为主 ,电极上加偏压能明显提高反应速率。在三电极体系中 ,用频响分析系统测试了光电极的交流阻抗图谱 ( EIS) ,分析 EIS图谱所得的结论与上述结论一致     

TiO2 nanotube arrays and TiO2-nanotube-array based dye-sensitized solar cell

To substitute the non-regular nano-crystalline semiconductor for a novel kind of ordered microstructure is a very important aspect in the domain of dye-sensitized solar cell. One of the researching hot- spots is the highly-ordered TiO2 nanotube architecture. As a new type of titania nano-material, titania nanotube arrays have drawn extraordinary attention due to its distinctive morphology, notable photo-electrical and hydro-sensitive performance. At 100% sun the new kind of TiO2 nanotube arrays solar cell exhibits an overall conversion efficiency of 5.44%. This paper introduces the preparation methods of titania nanotube arrays, the existing problems and recent progress in titania nanotube arrays solar cell.     

Comparative study of oxidation ability between boron-doped diamond (BDD) and lead oxide (PbO<Subscript>2</Subscript>) electrodes

The electrochemical oxidation capabilities of two high-performance electrodes, the boron-doped diamond film on Ti (Ti/BDD) and the lead oxide film on Ti (Ti/PbO₂), were discussed. Hydroxyl radicals (·HO) generated on the electrode surface were detected by using p-nitrosodimethylaniline (RNO) as the trapping reagent. Electrochemical oxidation measurements, including the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and the current efficiency (CE), were carried out via the degradation of p-nitrophenol (PNP) under the galvanostatic condition. The results indicate that an indirect reaction, which is attributed to free hydroxyl radicals with high activation, conducts on the Ti/BDD electrode, while the absorbed hydroxyl radicals generated at the Ti/PbO₂ surface results in low degradation efficiency. Due to quick mineralization which combusts PNP to CO₂ and H₂O absolutely by the active hydroxyl radical directly, the CE obtained on the Ti/BDD electrode is much higher than that on the Ti/PbO₂ electrode, notwithstanding the number of hydroxyl radicals produced on PbO₂ is higher than that on the BDD surface.     

一维纳米SnO2/TiO2复合薄膜电极的制备及光电性能

采用静电纺丝的方法,通过调节前驱体液中SnCl₂·2H₂O的质量分数,制备了直径为90~180nm的SnO₂纳米线,经TiCl₄溶液水解处理制备得到了SnO₂/TiO₂薄膜电极。使用SEM和EDS对薄膜电极进行表征,通过线性扫描伏安法和光电催化测试,分析研究了SnO₂/TiO₂ 纳米复合薄膜电极的光电化学性质。结果表明,当SnCl₂·2H₂O质量分数为3%时,SnO₂/TiO₂ 复合薄膜电极的光电流密度达到最大;随后将其与TiO₂、SnO₂薄膜电极相比,SnO₂/TiO₂ 复合薄膜电极产生的光电流明显增大;复合薄膜电极对罗丹明B（RhB）的光电催化降解率在90min后可达到95%,而TiO₂仅为56%、SnO₂为58%。     

Preparation and luminescence properties of YeO3：Er^3＋/TiO2 with high specific surface area

The three composites Y2O3 :Er3+ , Y2O3 :Er3+ /Yb 3+ andY2O3 :Er3+ /TiO2 were prepared using coprecipitation and sol-gel techniques. Their morphology, specific surface area, porosity, UV-vis. absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra were measured using SEM, TEM, surface analysis, UV-vis. absorption and photoluminescence spectrophotometry. SEM and TEM showed that samples prepared using coprecipitation were dispersed, while Y2O3 :Er3+ /TiO2 particles possessed a mesoporous surface and average diameter of ab...     

Nanocrystalline TiO2 thin film electrodes prepared by common pressure hydrothermal method at low temperature

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on nanocrys- talline TiO2 thin film electrodes have been widely investi- gated since they were invented by Gr?tzel et al. in 1991[1-3]. Nanocrystalline TiO2 thin film electrodes are usually pre- pared by coating TiO2 colloid with organic additives on conductive glass substrates and annealing at 400-450℃ to remove organic additives and achieve good electrical contact between TiO2 particles and between TiO2 particles and conductive substrates, which…     

Effects of MgO and TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> on the viscous behaviors and phase compositions of titanium-bearing slag

The effects of MgO and TiO₂ on the viscosity, activation energy for viscous flow, and break-point temperature of titanium-bearing slag were studied. The correlation between viscosity and slag structure was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Subsequently, main phases in the slag and their content changes were investigated by X-ray diffraction and Factsage 6.4 software package. The results show that the viscosity decreases when the MgO content increases from 10.00wt% to 14.00wt%. Moreover, the break-point temperature increases, and the activation energy for viscous flow initially increases and subsequently decreases. In addition, with increasing TiO₂ content from 5.00wt% to 9.00wt%, the viscosity decreases, and the break-point temperature and activation energy for viscous flow initially decrease and subsequently increase. FTIR analyses reveal that the polymerization degree of complex viscous units in titanium-bearing slag decreases with increasing MgO and TiO₂ contents. The mechanism of viscosity variation was elucidated. The basic phase in experimental slags is melilite. Besides, as the MgO content increases, the amount of magnesia–alumina spinel in the slag increases. Similarly, the sum of pyroxene and perovskite phases in the slag increases with increasing TiO₂ content.     

用光化学方法去除废水中的有害有机物和金属

研究了一些有机物，如丙酮，酚，染料和茶皂角甙的光催化降解，结果表明：酚的降解与文献报导的情况基本相同，在催化剂TiO2的作用下，紫外光能有效降解纺织厂的印染废水中的染料；金属化合物对光降解反应具有很大影响；还首次试验了用光催化原理消除茶皂甙中有毒溶血素的方法。