高能电子束的电光探测方法

本文介绍两种电光探测方法测量电子束长度：延迟扫描法、啁啾脉冲法(包括啁啾脉冲光谱仪法和啁啾脉冲互相关法)，并比较了不同方法的速度、时间分辨率．论文还讨论了使用电光晶体时吸收和色散对电子束电场形状的影响，及电子束与探测脉冲之间的同步问题．     

再生混凝土与钢筋间的粘结滑移性能

参照《混凝土结构试验方法标准》（GB50152-92），通过拔出试验，获得了不同再生粗骨料取代率下的再生混凝土与不同类型钢筋之间的荷载-滑移曲线．基于试验结果的对比分析，研究了不同再生粗骨料取代率和钢筋类型对再生混凝土与钢筋之间粘结强度的影响．在对试验数据回归分析的基础上，建议了再生混凝土与钢筋间的粘结滑移本构关系的表达式，并对钢筋在再生混凝土中的锚固长度取值进行了初步探讨．     

板栗叶面积测定方法的研究

用数理统计的方法，对不同立地条件、不同树龄及不同类型栗树的叶片面积与其叶片长度、宽度和长×宽分别进行线性回归分析，得出各自的高度相关的回归方程，为板栗叶面积的测定，提供一个简单实用、可靠性较高的方法。     

荒漠草原近地面反射光谱特征研究 Ⅱ．戈壁针茅荒漠草原产草量与植被指数相关性的时空动态研究

分析了戈壁针茅荒漠草原不同群落近地面反射光谱特征与产草量的相关关系、初步分析了同一群落类型不同月份近地面估产模型的动态．确认荒漠草原植被指数与产草量的相关性受群落类型、植被指数类型及测定月份的影响．比值植被指数（ＲＶＩ）与标准差植被指数（ＮＤＶＩ）是比较稳定的估产指数，在产量较低的月份，植被指数与产草量之间趋于曲线相关，而在产草量较高的月份，二者之间趋于直线相关．     

垫梁下砌体局部受压承载力计算

考虑垫梁下砌体局部受压时，砌体设计规范仅给出了垫梁长度大于πho的具体计算公式。但对于垫梁长度不大于πho的情况没有分析研究．因此，结合弹性力学理论和弹性地基梁计算方法．对不同长度的垫梁进行应力分析．得到不同长度的垫梁的不同折算高度．最终得到不同的承载力计算公式．所得结论不仅验证了砌体设计规范中垫梁长度大于πho的计算公式，也给出了垫梁长度不大于πho的计算公式．弥补了规范的不足，为砌体结构设计提供了参考依据．     

钢框架稳定设计方法的探讨及其在导管架平台组块设计中的应用

目前,钢结构的稳定设计主要通过计算长度系数来确定构件的长度从而进行设计。根据结构的形式和受力情况确定结构应按有侧移计算或按无侧移计算,而不同的失稳类型对应于不同的计算模型,因此正确理解失稳类型是应用有效计算长度法的前提。为此介绍了稳定设计的两种方法、刚架失稳类型及不同类型对应的计算长度系数的方法,并对中美规范中计算长度系数的方法进行对比。此外,对计算长度系数在导管架平台组块设计中的应用给出了建议,可供钢结构设计人员参考。     

基于单位荷载法的钢管混凝土组合异形柱计算长度系数研究与验证

为解决钢管混凝土组合异形柱在进行构件稳定验算时计算长度系数不明确的问题，利用有限元软件Midas/Gen，采用单位荷载法在钢管混凝土组合异形柱框架-支撑结构整体模型下进行特征值屈曲分析，并通过欧拉公式反算得到钢管混凝土组合异形柱的计算长度系数．研究了网格划分、楼板、短梁对单肢柱计算长度系数分析结果的影响，结果表明各层异形柱沿其高度方向划分为10段、连接板宜沿其宽度方向划分为2段，同时去掉模型中的楼板、短梁可提高结果的安全度和软件分析速度．在上述分析结果基础上，建立了考虑组合异形柱网格划分、去掉模型中的楼板、短梁的整体结构模型，分析了不同异形柱平面位置、所在楼层、梁截面尺寸和楼层总数等因素影响下的单肢柱计算长度系数，结果表明：单肢柱计算长度系数随着所在楼层的上升呈现增大趋势，8～20层单肢柱计算长度系数随梁截面的增大而减小，大部分楼层的单肢柱计算长度系数随楼层总数减少而增大．根据所得数据，基于安全性和计算简便的考虑，给出了各层钢管混凝土组合异形柱中单肢柱计算长度系数建议值．基于计算长度系数的建议取值，分析得到整体模型中各单肢柱的应力比，并与直接分析设计法得到的应力比进行了对比，结果表明两...     

体外预应力桥梁转向结构分析及配筋研究

运用有限元技术结合拉压杆模型方法，对转向结构的受力特性进行详细的分析和配筋计算．通过对不同类型结构力流传递形式及应力分布情况的了解，总结了相应类型结构的受力特点，给出相应的计算方法和拉压杆配筋计算模型，并提出了相关的设计建议．     

光折变位相共轭镜表面反射不同于菲涅尔反射的现象及其分析

本文导出了光折变位相共扼镜表面反射与共轭反射率以及双波耦合增益长度积的关系式．给出了ＢａＴｉＯ３晶体位相共扼镜的相对光强反射比随共轭反射率和入射角变化的实验结果，并分析了不同类型光折变晶体的位相共轭镜表面反射变化的不同情况．     

蛋白质中氨基酸间的相关性研究

计算和分析了4种类型(α型、β型、α／β型和α β型)共计204个蛋白质中的20种氨基酸间的相关性．研究发现，氨基酸之间的相关性可分为强正相关、强负相关、弱相关和不相关．作为蛋白质的建筑构件，20种氨基酸在不同类型的蛋白质中的相关性反映了这些建筑构件间的匹配规则，代表了蛋白质的结构特征．本文分析了部分氨基酸间的相关性与蛋白质结构间的联系，从物理和化学性质上解释了氨基酸相关性的起源。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the