水轮发电机组多回路鲁棒调速控制研究

针对水轮发电机组调速系统模型中参数不确定的控制问题,提出水轮发电机组多回路鲁棒调速控制策略.首先考虑多种因素建立水轮发电机组调速系统单回路控制模型;在此基础之上构建包含伺服系统的第一控制回路、包含水轮机的第二控制回路和包含发电机的第三控制回路,3个回路互相嵌套,由此构建水轮发电机组多回路鲁棒调速控制系统框架;最后通过实例利用鲁棒控制理论中的混合灵敏度和μ综合两类方法分别设计此3个回路.仿真结果表明,在负荷突然增加或减少时,多回路鲁棒调速控制系统在上升时间、调整时间等多个时域指标上均优于传统PID控制单回路系统和双回路鲁棒控制系统,具有良好的抗干扰能力和控制效果.     

汽包锅炉给水控制系统的设计

基于传统PID控制理论,将单回路控制和串级控制结合起来,提出了在低负荷时采用的单冲量给水控制系统和在高负荷时采用的串级三冲量给水控制系统,并通过两种系统的无扰切换可以实现汽包锅炉给水水位的自动控制。仿真结果表明,该系统可以克服在汽包锅炉生产过程中产生的内、外扰动,实现系统的稳定运行,是一种很好的控制方式。     

串级控制在聚合釜温控改造中的应用

根据某化工厂聚合釜化学反应新工艺对温度控制的新要求,经过实地考察与分析,笔者改用串级控制方案对原聚合釜温度控制系统的单回路控制方案进行了改造,经过实际应用取得了令人满意的效果。     

过程控制实验装置控制方式选择

《过程控制系统》是自动化专业的一门主要专业课,对应的实验装置需采用多种工业自动化标准仪表和典型执行元件,通过合理设计管路,真正模拟工业生产过程的四大典型过程（流量、温度、压力、液位）。控制方式有：单回路开环控制、单回路控制系统、串级控制、前馈控制方式、解耦控制方式、Smith预估控制方式。     

苯胺硫化床控制系统设计

针对化工公司苯胺硫化床前期控制方案中出现的问题 ,提出了以高压水汽包压力为控制变量的单回路控制 ,和旨在消除对硫化床中心温度扰动的由温度 -流量组成的串级控制系统 ,以及为消除硝基苯、氢气流量、压力扰动而采用的硝基苯 -氢气比值控制系统。     

模糊控制在锅炉给水控制系统中的应用

本文提出了一种基于模糊控制原理的实时控制系统。由于在锅炉控制中的单回路控制过程中,工况多变,不确定性和负荷干扰,本文将模糊控制的原理引入单回路控制系统中,给出了PID参数整定和优化方法。     

多环境变量密封舱氧气浓度控制的仿真研究

对于多环境变量密封舱的O2浓度的PID控制,由于其总滞后大,尤其当密封舱O2浓度变化较大且频繁时,单回路控制系统无法得到良好的闭环特性,系统的阶跃响应往往具有大的超调且会产生振荡。而串级控制系统可以有效控制参数的动态性,从而达到更好的控制效果。通过仿真发现PID串级控制系统具有更低的超调量和更强的抗干扰能力。     

基于FPGA的温度控制系统设计与实现

基于FPGA与温度传感器DS18B20设计实现了单回路水箱温度PID控制系统.软件主要包括PID控制算法及PWM波产生模块、DS18B20驱动模块、数码管显示驱动模块等3个模块.仿真结果验证了设计的正确性.实验结果表明,系统输出温度达到微小超调的稳定控制要求.体现了该设计方法的有效性和实用性.     

基于EDA技术的继电控制回路的设计

指出了机电设备常见电气继电控制在使用中的不足,阐述了在继电控制回路的开发设计中运用EDA技术的可行性,介绍了用VHDL语言设计单片控制系统的方法,给出了电机周期性正反转运行的VHDL设计程序和仿真波形图.仿真结果证明了这种设计方法的正确性.这种设计理念对传统电气继电控制的设计是一种挑战.     

PID/ADRC控制器在四旋翼无人飞行控制中的应用

讨论了四旋翼无人飞行器的飞行控制问题,根据四旋翼飞行器的机理建立了运动模型和电机模型,并设计了控制系统.针对建模的不准确性,该控制系统内环回路采用自抗扰控制(ADRC)方法,外环回路采用经典PID控制方法.最后对控制系统在Matlab/Simulink平台上进行仿真,从仿真结果来看,ADRC控制能较好地对系统内扰以及外扰进行估计补偿,减轻了建模工作的负担,并且该控制系统可使四旋翼无人飞行器实现小角度姿态、位置控制、到达指定位置,表明该控制方案是有效的.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the