低轨星座导航增强能力研究与仿真

低轨卫星星座具有几何图形变化快、落地信号功率强、全球天基监测覆盖等天然优势,可对中高轨全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)星座进行有效补充和增强,提升全球定位、导航与授时(Positioning,Navigation and Timing,PNT)服务的精度、完好性、可用性和抗干扰等能力,已成为下一代卫星导航系统重要的发展方向.本文总结了国内外低轨星座发展现状,对不同低轨星座进行了分析和设计,对低轨星座提升导航定位精度、加速精密单点定位(Precise Point Positioning,PPP)收敛、全球天基监测等导航增强能力进行了分析,重点论证了低轨星座突破现有中高轨GNSS技术瓶颈的机遇和体系增量能力,给出了相应的仿真分析结果,以期对我国低轨星座和北斗卫星导航系统的融合发展提供参考和建议.     

低轨导航星座多普勒定位模型及性能分析

相较于北斗、GPS等全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）,低轨道卫星（LEO）具有更加显著的多普勒频移效应,有助于增强GNSS定位、导航和授时（PNT）服务性能。针对当前可用的LEO导航信号少,无法满足地面用户瞬时定位的问题,研究提出了基于一个由288颗LEO卫星构成的Walker星座,选取仿真了9个全球均匀分布的地面站多普勒观测值,建立了瞬时多普勒定位数学模型,并评估了其潜在的服务性能。结果表明：在中低纬度地区,LEO可视卫星为10~ 15颗左右,多普勒定位精度因子（PDOP）达到500 ~ 600;而在中高纬度地区,LEO可视卫星数达到30颗以上,对应的PDOP值降至180左右。静态多普勒定位可实现厘米至分米级精度,动态定位可实现瞬时分米至米级精度,高纬度地区的定位性能显著优于中低纬度地区。     

地基GNSS水汽反演实验与实践教学探讨

运用GNSS技术反演大气中的水汽含量是一种极有潜力、实用价值很高的大气水汽探测技术,由于其具有高精度、全天候、高时空分辨率、近实时等诸多优点,在气象业务中得到广泛应用。地基GNSS水汽反演作为南京信息工程大学测绘工程专业开设的特色专业课程之一,其实验与实习部分是加强学生实践能力和创新能力培养的重要环节,因此,从实践教学内容、教学方法、实验与实践平台、师资队伍建设等几方面对该课程的实践教学进行了探讨,以期为同类高校培养测绘气象交叉复合型人才提供参考。     

基于MODIS遥感和气象数据的API回归分析

以江西省景德镇地区为研究区域,通过MODIS近红外大气反演大气水汽算法,提出了MODIS反演大气水汽含量联合气象数据对API进行回归分析的方法.仿真结果表明,该回归模型能够在一定程度上反映出API的变化,并可为API的预测提供数据参考.     

多模GNSS天线技术研究与设计

全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）因其覆盖范围广、通信容量大、传输质量好等优点,在航空、航海、测绘、授时及信息服务等领域发挥了至关重要的作用.天线作为卫星导航系统的必不可缺的一部分,其性能的好坏将对整个导航定位系统产生重大影响.本文采用层叠贴片并结合调谐枝节技术,设计了多模GNSS圆极化天线.通过在上层方形贴片上插入长度不同的枝节,实现了GNSS高频段的圆极化,并且在下层方形贴片插入枝节来满足GNSS低频点的右旋圆极化工作模式.理论分析和仿真结果证明所提出的多模圆极化天线可满足卫星导航终端用户机的多系统定位需求.     

基于全球卫星导航系统的海洋环境监测方法研究综述

实时、准确、可靠地监测海洋环境信息,对于海洋灾害预警预报、防灾减灾、海洋资源开发、保障海洋安全等具有至关重要的作用。近年来,随着全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)不断发展与升级,基于GNSS导航信号进行大气和海洋环境信息探测发展成为新技术新方法,并成为海洋环境监测技术研究热点,已在海洋气象监测、数值预报、科学研究等领域得到了广泛应用。系统综述了GNSS技术在海面有效波高、风速、降雨强度、水汽及潮位监测等海洋环境监测领域的应用研究现状,对新技术新方法进行了系统总结,并对未来发展趋势进行了展望,以期对相关领域的研究提供参考。     

青岛CORS站与探空站获取的大气可降水量对比分析

利用青岛市4个CORS站2014年观测资料,借助GPS高精度数据处理软件Bernese,反演大气可降水量(CORS/PWV),并与对应时段的由青岛探空站资料计算得到的大气可降水量(Radio/PWV)进行比较,CORS/PWV与Radio/PWV的精度相当,二者差异的差值(MEAN)均为毫米级,绝对值最大为3.42mm;CORS/PWV与Radio/PWV具有较高的相关性,其相关系数均在0.81以上;通过分析实际降水与PWV的变化,发现PWV的短时急剧变化与降水发生具有较好的对应关系。研究表明,CORS具有全天候、高时空分辨率及连续监测大气中水汽含量变化等优势,可有效弥补高空探测的不足,对水汽监测、气象预测研究等具有重要的参考价值。     

高性能导航增强测试信号模拟器技术研究

高性能导航增强测试信号模拟器集中反映了国家卫星导航系统建设与应用的技术水平,课题涉及导航卫星轨道高精度仿真、导航信号精密生成、载波相位精确控制和传输误差仿真等许多高精尖技术,是国际卫星导航领域争夺的战略制高点之一,其性能水平将直接影响我国卫星导航终端产品参与国际市场竞争的能力。随着我国北斗二代卫星导航系统建设和应用产业化的推进,测量型、高动态型、抗干扰型等用户终端检测已经成为我国GNSS高端用户终端研制与应用的瓶颈难题。国外一直将高端高性能导航增强测试信号设备作为制约我国卫星导航系统建设和发展的重要手段并一直对我国禁运。研究具有独立自主知识产权的高性能导航增强测试信号模拟器及标校技术,有利于提升我国卫星导航系统的国际竞争能力,促进我国卫星导航终端产品研制水平,加速我国导航设备示范应用产业化进程具有极其重要的意义。课题从研究途径来看可以划分为多体制和高性能两个关键点,其中"多体制"是实现多星座多体制卫星导航信号和地面导航增强信号仿真;"高性能"是要在既有信号模拟技术基础上进一步突破高精度模拟的性能瓶颈;最后为了充分发挥检测系统的测试作用,提高系统可用性,需要研究相关测试理论及实现技术。研究涉及的算法模型与技术包括多体制高性能GNSS模拟器数学仿真技术、精密信号时延控制与高质量信号生成技术、高精度高动态GNSS射频信号模拟技术、GNSS仿真信号高精度校核与可信度评估技术等。     

陆地晴空水汽柱含量的MODIS反演方法研究

基于红外辐射传输方程,结合反演水汽的差分吸收技术和传统的通道比值法,利用中心波长均位于940 nm附近的MODIS水汽吸收通道(17通道和18通道)的比值对垂直大气柱水汽总含量进行反演.在地基水汽观测点区域,利用新方法对卫星反演结果与微波辐射计观测数据进行比较并加以修正,修正后的新方法的反演精度和微波辐射计相当,两者相关系数R=88.2%,标准偏差SD=0.29 cm.同时,选择台湾海峡作为研究区域,通过2008年7月24日的近红外MODIS资料,运用新的通道比值法进行水汽含量的反演加以验证,并和MOD07产品进行了比较,两者相关系数R=88.1%,标准偏差SD=0.36 cm.结果表明修正后的新通道比值法的结果比传统的通道比值法精度有一定提高.     

基于LANDSAT 8城市地温反演精度分析

利用LANDSAT 8数据,通过大气校正法和单窗算法反演的福州城市地温与福建省气象局提供的30个地面监测站的地温进行对比,估算遥感地温两种反演方法的精度,获得反演地温的经验纠正模型.结果表明:利用大气校正法和单窗算法反演出的福州城市地温范围分别为20.52~50.14℃和18.38~49.97℃,平均地温分别为29.35℃和27.51℃;以地面站点观测值为基准(n=30),大气校正法反演结果的MEA、MRE、RMSE为7.66℃、32%、8.14℃,单窗算法反演结果的MEA、MRE、RMSE为5.98℃、25%、6.62℃;以地面站点观测值空间插值为基准(n=500),大气校正法反演结果的MEA、MRE、RMSE为5.95℃、23%、6.89℃,单窗算法反演结果的MEA、MRE、RMSE为4.47℃、17%、5.63℃.因此,单窗算法的地温估算精度高于大气纠正法,其地温纠正模型为:TS=0.329 7TS+15.469,纠正后MEA、MRE、RMSE分别为1.28℃、5%、1.62℃.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.