H4SiW12O40/ZrO2-Al2O3催化合成己二酸

以环己酮为原料,w(H2O2)=30%的过氧化氢为氧化剂,在硫酸氢钠作为助剂的条件下,采用H4SiW12O40/ZrO2-Al2O3作催化剂合成己二酸。探讨H4SiW12O40/ZrO2-Al2O3对合成己二酸的催化活性,较系统地研究了催化剂用量、氧化剂用量、酸性助剂硫酸氢钠用量及反应时间四因素对反应的影响。实验表明:H4SiW12O40/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂是合成己二酸的良好催化剂,在固定环己酮用量为0.1mol的情况下,当催化剂用量为2g,氧化剂用量为50mL,酸性助剂硫酸氢钠的用量为0.05g,反应时间为6h的优化条件下,产品收率可达78.7%。     

TiO2/Al2O3-Al2O3-TiO2/Al2O3绝缘结构的真空沿面闪络特性

基于变插入层介电常数的多层绝缘结构能改善电场分布、提高真空沿面闪络特性.通过真空热压烧结制备了TiO2/Al2O3-Al2O3-TiO2/Al2O3(A-B-A)3层绝缘结构,A层w(TiO2)为0.5%到20%.测量了该绝缘结构的真空沿面闪络特性,发现闪络特性随w(TiO2)的增加而提高,当w(TiO2)为20%时,其脉冲初次闪络电压较同等厚度的Al2O3陶瓷提高了63%.研究发现:A层的介电常数可由w(TiO2)调控,介电常数的增大能有效降低真空-绝缘子-阴极三结合点处的电场强度;A层表面存在的TiO2颗粒可以减小二次电子发射系数并改善表面电荷分布;TiO2的电导率虽比Al2O3高,但其仍为绝缘体,即使TiO2含量较高时也不会形成贯穿的导电通道.     

运输类飞机货舱烟雾扩散数值模拟研究杨建忠,魏益祥,杨士斌,陈希远

本研究参考美国联邦航空管理局(FAA)所做货舱烟雾扩散实验,使用技术成熟且功能强大的计算流体力学(CFD)技术,建立了货舱烟雾扩散模型,对温度场和燃烧生成物包括CO,CO₂,SMOKE(烟灰)进行数值模拟,具体表现为：使用三维软件建立了货舱几何模型并用前处理软件进行了网格划分;完成了数学模型;对火源编写了源项用户自定义函数(UDF)加入FLUENT。确定了仿真与实验的对比指标,对相应云图进行了分析,并将模拟结果与FAA所做货舱烟雾扩散实验结果进行比对。比对通过后,得到了经过实验验证的CFD模型。为下一步对货舱烟雾探测系统进行数值模拟,进而协助烟雾探测系统适航审定做好了准备。     

Na0.54Bi0.46Ti0.96Al0.04O2.94氧离子导体制备与性能研究

采用传统的固相反应法合成Na0.54Bi0.46Ti0.96Al0.04O2.94氧离子导体,借助于交流阻抗谱和介电弛豫谱分别研究了钠和铝的双掺杂对Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3材料电学性能及氧离子扩散的影响。在400℃时,Na0.54Bi0.46Ti0.96Al0.04O2.94材料的晶粒电导率可以达到1.51×10-3 S/cm,是Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3材料电导率的5.5倍。在Na0.54Bi0.46Ti0.96Al0.04O2.94材料中观察到一个与氧离子弛豫相关的介电弛豫峰,弛豫参数为E= 0.80 eV和t0= 6.12×10-13 s,氧离子在Na0.54Bi0.46Ti0.96Al0.04O2.94材料中主要通过Na-Bi-Ti的路径进行扩散迁移的。结合结构参数容忍因子及自由体积的分析,钠和铝的双掺杂改善了氧离子在Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3材料中的扩散通道,但是铝的引入一定程度上提高了氧空位扩散的能量壁垒。     

在Na3AlF6-AlF3-CaF2-LiF-Al2O3体系中低温铝电解

Based on the main physico-chemical properties of Na₃AlF₆-AlF₃-CaF₂-LiF-Al₂O₃ system studied, including liquidus temperature、electrical conductivity and bath density, a laboratory scale vertical discharging aluminum type electrolysis cell of about 100A capacity was run with TiB₂ cathodes and low molar ratio(1.5～2.0) electrolytes at 800～930℃ range. Aluminum metal was obtained with 84.6%～88.3% current efficiencies and 11.54～11.83 kW^.h/kg specific energy consumption.     

H2O2敏化H3PW12O40/SiO2光催化降解甲基紫

采用溶胶-凝胶技术将Keggin型H3PW12O40负载在SiO2上,并用H2O2溶液对其进行敏化,制得H3PW12O40/SiO2/H2O2光催化剂.考察在模拟自然光条件下,甲基紫的初始浓度、溶液pH以及催化剂用量对甲基紫可见光催化降解率的影响.实验发现,在甲基紫初始浓度为30mg/L,溶液pH为2.5,催化剂的用量为0.6g/L的优化情况下,光降解2.5h,甲基紫的降解率达到92%.     

CaO-ZrO2-TiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2玻璃陶瓷的制备及化学稳定性研究

玻璃陶瓷是固化处理中、高放废物和α废物较为理想的候选材料之一。研究了特定条件下制备的CaO-ZrO2-TiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2体系玻璃陶瓷在水淬和空气中自然冷却的两种冷却制度对其结晶行为和显微结构的影响,用粉末浸泡实验方法测试了其化学稳定性。结果表明:自然冷却形成的玻璃陶瓷晶相主要是ZrSiO4和ZrTiO4;在25～70℃范围内,温度对玻璃陶瓷浸出率无明显影响,90℃下浸出率比25℃,40℃,70℃的浸出率高一个数量级;7 d元素总的归一化浸出为1.87 g/m2。     

La0.9Sr0.1MnO3/SrNb0.01Ti0.99O3全氧化物p-n结的纳秒光电效应

首次在La_0.9Sr_0.1MnO₃/SrNb_0.01Ti_0.99O₃全氧化物p-n结上观测到纳秒光电效应. 当脉宽20 ns和波长308 nm的激光脉冲入射到p-n结的La_0.9Sr_0.1MnO₃/薄膜表面时, 在p-n结的两端产生开路的光生伏特脉冲电压, 脉冲电压的上升响应时间达到23 ns, 半高宽约为125 ns. 光生伏特电压的灵敏度为80 mV/mJ.     

Lead-bismuth-free piezoceramics （Na0.5K0.44Li0.06）Nb0.95Sb0.05O3-Na5.6Cu1.2Sb10O29

Newly developed sintering aid Na5.6Cu1.2Sb10O29 (NCS) and lead-bismuth-free piezoceramics (Na0.5K0.44Li0.06) Nb0.95Sb0.05O3 (NKLNS) were prepared by the conventional solid state reaction. The effects of sintering aid NCS on the electrical properties of NKLNS were investigated. It was found that the addition of a proper amount of sintering aid NCS to NKLNS is effective not only on improving the density and the piezoelectric activity, but also on reducing the dielectric loss of NKLNS. The NKLNS doped with 0.4 mol% NCS has a piezoelectric constant d33 as high as 261pC/N and an electromechanical coupling factor k33 above 60%. These results show that NCS-doped NKLNS is a promising and practicable candidate for lead-bismuth-free piezoceramics.     

Single-negative properties of Ba2Co1.8Cu0.2Fe12O22 and Ba3Co2Fe23.4Zn0.6O41 hexagonal ferrites

The electromagnetic properties of Ba₂Co_1.8Cu_0.2Fe₁₂O₂₂ (Co₂Y) and Ba₃Co₂Fe_23.4Zn_0.6O₄₁ (Co₂Z) were studied by measuring microwave scattering parameters. In the transmission spectra of Ba₂Co_1.8Cu_0.2Fe₁₂O₂₂, a forbidden band emerges due to ferromagnetic resonance, and the permeability will turn to negative in the vicinity of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency. In the complex permittivity spectra of Ba₃Co₂Fe_23.4Zn_0.6O₄₁, the negative permittivity can be obtained due to dielectric resonance. Therefore, Co₂Y and Co₂Z can be used to construct left-handed materials possessing negative permeability and negative permittivity simultaneously.     

关于Euler-致型方程x^2-D1y^2=2s^2和x^2-D2y^2=-2t^2

设D1，D2是无平方因子正整数，该文给出了方程组x^2-D1y^2=2s^2和x^2-D2y^2=-2t^2有本原整数解(x，y，s，t)的必要条件。     

Crystallization Mechanism of Na2O-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-F- Glass Containing Cr2O3

The effect of Cr₂O₃ on the nucleation and crystallization of Na₂O-CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-F- glass has been investigated by means of ESR(Electron Spin Resonance), SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope), EDS(Energy Dispersive Specrometer) and so on. Computer pattern recognition is applied to optimize the heat-treatment schedules. The experimental results show that the base glass containing more than 1.5 % (mass fraction) Cr₂O₃ can be nucleated internally and converted to spheroidal crystal glass materials. The spheroidal crystal consisted of fibrous wollastonite crystals radiating from a center. The residual glass phase filled in the interstices between the fibers and between the spherulites. During heat treatment process, the valence states ofchromium changed from Cr6- to Cr3-, and the Cr-spinel solidsolution [CaCr₂O₄] precipitated followed this valence change. At the primary stage of crystallization, the Cr-spinel could act as a nucleating center on which the principal or}stalline phase β-CaSiO₃ grew epitaxially.     

二维磁性NbSi2N4-WSi2N4-NbSi2N4异质结的光生电流效应

采用量子输运方法研究了二维(2D)磁性NbSi₂N₄-WSi₂N₄-NbSi₂N₄面内异质结的光生电流效应.该异质结具有C2v非空间反演对称性,在可见光范围内,用线偏光垂直及倾斜照射时,均能激发显著的光生电流效应,产生自旋极化且偏振敏感的光电流.光电流与偏振角(θ)和入射角(α)均为余弦依赖(cos(2θ),cos(2α))关系.两种照射方式下均能产生纯自旋流及完全自旋极化的光电流.在垂直照射时,能取得完美的自旋阀效应.这些结果表明,二维磁性NbSi₂N₄-WSi₂N₄-NbSi₂N₄异质结在低能耗自旋电子学及低维光电探测领域具有应用潜力.