缓倾斜液化场地地铁车站结构变形分析

为了研究缓倾斜液化场地对地基土-地铁车站结构地震反应的影响,探讨缓倾斜液化场地液化过程中地下结构的位移变形,采用有限差分软件FLAC3D建立缓倾斜液化场地地基土-地铁车站结构的数值分析模型,采用本构模型Finn对所建立的模型进行地震液化分析;通过分析地铁车站结构周围场地液化分布特征、位移云图和地面倾角分别为0°、 1°、 2°、 3°的4种工况下地铁车站的位移时程曲线,探讨地面倾角对周围场地、地铁车站结构的影响,分析4种工况下缓倾斜液化场地中地铁车站结构的位移地震响应。结果表明：在4种工况下,车站周围液化严重,液化分布基本呈对称分布,右侧底部液化程度随地面倾角的增大而增大;车站发生不均匀上浮并且发生逆时针偏转,底板左右两侧最大上浮差值达到6.2 mm;随着地面倾角的增大,土体出现流滑现象,当地面倾角为3°时,土体流滑位移达到1.6 m,并且车站结构发生33 mm的侧向位移;车站层间位移角随着地面倾角的增大而增加,当地面倾角为3°时,层间位移角超过规范限值。     

埋深对地下结构地震液化响应的影响

应用非线性液固两相体动力有限元方法研究饱和可液化土中地下结构在水平地震作用下埋深的响应。分析了地震液化情况下地下结构埋深对于结构上浮、加速度、水平位移以及响应结构内力的影响,讨论了非液化土中地铁地下结构地震响应随埋深的影响。结果表明,埋深的增加可以减少地铁地下结构由于土体液化所导致的结构上浮;同时,虽然地下结构地震作用所导致的内力随着埋深的增加有小幅度的上升,但由于深埋地铁地下结构的强度往往比浅埋的为高,因此在相同水平地震的作用下,浅埋地铁结构可能更加危险。     

地下结构对场地和地表建筑地震响应影响分析

地铁车站等地下结构的建设,必然会引起场地土层以及临近建筑物的地震动力响应发生变化.为研究此种影响,以某典型地下车站结构为研究对象,引入了土体的非线性本构模型,同时考虑了结构与土接触面特性和地基无限域的影响.计算结果表明:由于地下结构的存在,地表一定范围内的地震动设计参数被显著放大;临近地表建筑的位移响应、框架柱剪力响应也均被显著放大.建议在地铁等地下工程的规划和设计时考虑工程建设后对地表设计地震动的影响.     

Analyses for effect of underground on seismic response of ground and adjacent structure surface buildings

地铁车站等地下结构的建设,必然会引起场地土层以及临近建筑物的地震动力响应发生变化.为研究此种影响,以某典型地下车站结构为研究对象,引入了土体的非线性本构模型,同时考虑了结构与土接触面特性和地基无限域的影响.计算结果表明：由于地下结构的存在,地表一定范围内的地震动设计参数被显著放大;临近地表建筑的位移响应、框架柱剪力响应也均被显著放大.建议在地铁等地下工程的规划和设计时考虑工程建设后对地表设计地震动的影响.     

可液化土层的位置对土层-地下结构地震反应的影响

为了研究不同位置的液化土层对地下结构地震反应的影响,采用PL-Fin土体液化本构模型,使用FLAC3D进行了研究,总结了液化土层发生液化大变形时刻液化区分布、孔隙水压力与超静孔隙水压力比变化规律及差异、地下结构的位移及差异沉降规律,并与非液化场地下的地下结构地震反应进行了对比.主要结论有:当结构底部存在液化土层时,引起的结构位移最大,使结构下沉;结构两侧的土体液化会引起结构上浮,并使侧墙水平向向层间位移和顶底板竖向层间位移增加;结构整体位于液化土层中时,土体位移、结构位移和结构层间位移差都不是最大值,仅研究结构整体位于液化土层的规律存在不足;结构周围、两侧、底部、底部45°位置、左右两侧和底部45°位置以及底部和底部45°位置存在液化土层(B+C)位置共计6种工况下结构顶板y向层间位移变化规律基本一致,但车站不同位置存在液化土层,土层液化的反应和对结构的影响存在一定差异;液化大变形发生在孔隙水压力和超孔压比突增后的1~3s后,因此可由孔隙水压力和超孔压比的突变判断是否发生液化大变形.     

场地类别对地铁地下车站结构地震反应的影响规律

以南京地铁建设为工程背景,根据《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB 50011-2010)中场地类别的分类方法,保持场地覆盖层厚度不变,通过改变场地等效剪切波速,设计出典型的Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类工程场地类别.采用大型有限元分析软件ABAQUS,考虑土体与混凝土的非线性以及土与结构接触非线性,研究地铁车站在规范规定的不同场地类别条件下地下结构的层间位移和位移角反应特征以及结构关键部位的应力反应特征.结果表明:不同场地类别对地铁地下车站结构地震反应的影响规律和影响程度有所不同.总体来看,在较差场地类别条件下,基岩输入峰值加速度峰值对层间位移角幅值的影响程度较大,且对车站结构下层层间位移角幅值的影响更大.在本文所有的输入地震动强度条件下,Ⅱ类场地下地铁车站结构基本处于弹性工作状态,而Ⅳ类场地下地铁车站结构在中小地震发生时层间位移角很容易进入整体弹塑性工作状态.同时,场地类别越差,车站结构整体残余变形越容易发生,造成结构的残动内力也迅速增加.     

可液化场地变截面群桩基础动力响应研究

为研究可液化场地变截面群桩基础动力响应特征,依托翔安大桥,利用FLAC 3D数值模拟软件,建立变截面桩-土相互作用模型,研究了不同地震强度作用下,饱和砂土孔压比、变截面桩基桩身加速度、桩基位移、弯矩、剪力时程响应特征。结果表明：地震动峰值≥0.20 g时,不同埋深处的孔压比峰值基本达到0.90以上,此时砂土完全液化;桩身对地震动起放大作用,但随着地震强度增加,变截面桩的桩身加速度放大效应逐渐减小;地震波结束后桩基产生永久侧向位移;变截面桩身弯矩及剪力均呈双峰值变化形态,桩身弯矩最大值出现在液化土层与非液化土层分界处,桩身剪力最大值出现在液化土层中;在桥梁变截面桩基础抗震设计时,应重点研究液化土层与非液化土层分界处的桩基抗弯能力以及液化土层中桩基抗剪能力,以确保桩基的抗震性能。     

软土场地中地铁地下车站对邻近高层建筑地震加速度响应的影响

基于典型的南京软土场地条件,建立地铁地下车站—土体—高层建筑系统二维非线性有限元分析模型,研究了两层三跨岛式地铁地下车站结构对邻近高层建筑地震加速度反应的影响规律.结果表明:地铁地下车站使高层建筑与地表接触位置的地表加速度反应动力系数!谱谱值在周期0.5~3 s范围有所增大,建筑各层的峰值加速度反应基本上均有所增大,局部楼层的峰值加速度反应增大达43.7%.随高层建筑与地铁车站间距的增大,该影响逐渐减小.若高层建筑分别采用桩基础/筏板基础,间距与地铁地下车站宽度之比D/B≥1,而D/B≥0.75时该影响可以忽略.     

不同类别场地大型异跨地铁地下车站结构地震反应分析

场地类别对地下结构的地震反应具有重要影响,随着地下结构横截面尺寸及其复杂程度的增加,这一影响将愈发显著.针对现有异跨地铁车站结构的特殊性,以苏州地铁工程建设为背景,通过对不同类别场地土-异跨地铁车站相互作用的120个静动耦合整体有限元数值模型结果进行分析,研究了场地类别和地震动特性对此类复杂截面地下结构地震反应的影响规律.结果表明:随着场地条件变差,车站结构楼板的峰值加速度放大系数近似呈线性减小,结构的层间水平相对位移峰值近似呈线性增大;场地类别对车站结构加速度放大效应的影响随基岩输入地震动强度的增大而逐渐减弱,结构的层间水平相对位移则随基岩输入地震动强度的增大而进一步增强;不同场地类别中的异跨车站结构受拉损伤分布位置大致相同,但随着场地条件的变差,尤其是场地类别从Ⅱ类变化为Ⅲ类时,上层悬挑边跨各构件的地震损伤程度明显加重.     

土-上盖一体化地铁车站结构耦合作用下振动台试验研究

为研究上盖一体化地铁车站结构的地震响应规律,以轨道交通地上-地下一体化结构体系和单体地铁车站结构体系为研究对象,开展了粉细砂场地振动台试验研究.分别从加速度和应变两方面对地铁车站结构部分进行地震响应研究,并将两种试验结果进行对比.试验结果表明:1)上盖一体化地铁车站结构振动台试验模型土体和结构相同监测点的加速度峰值随着输入地震强度的增加逐渐增大,而加速度放大系数则逐渐减小,测点加速度沿埋深的变化规律与地震动类型有关;2)上盖一体化地铁车站结构的拉应变幅值随着地震强度的增加呈逐渐增大的趋势,模型中柱端部的拉应变幅值最大,侧墙次之,楼板最小;3)上盖一体化地铁车站结构的加速度和应变均小于单体地铁车站结构,其中,加速度变化规律大致相同,应变幅值差异随着地震强度的增加逐渐增大,而差异增幅呈现逐渐减小并收敛的趋势.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-