Removal of TOC and Color in Bleaching Effluents from Straw Pulp and Paper Mill by Fe^0- H2O2 Process

TOC and color in the bleaching effluent from straw pulp paper process could not reach draining standard after its treatment by a biochemical process. In this study, advanced treatment by integrated micro-electrolysis （Fe^0） method and Fenton-like process was investigated under various conditions, i.e. pH, Fe/C ratio, initial I-I2O2 concentration and carrier gas. Results showed that Fe/C ratio（V/V = 1.5）, larger H2O2 dosage around 50 rag/L, lower pH（pH= 3） turned out to be particularly efficient. Temperature was a key parameter, remarkably increasing reaction rates. Carrier air not only improved reaction efficiency, but also saved H2O2 dosage. Chlorinated organic compounds could be reductive dechlorinated by Fe^0 reaction and oxidated by OH produced from Fenton process. The combination of Fe^0 and H2O2 reactions had been proved to be highly effective for the advanced treatment of such a type of wastewaters, and important advantages concerning the application in the study.     

Heterogeneous UV／Fenton catalytic degradation of wastewater containing phenol with Fe－Cu－Mn－Y catalyst

The heterogeneous UV/Fenton process with the appropriate amount of Fe-Mn-Cu-Y as catalyst was developed and various operation conditions for the degradation of phenol were evaluated. The results indicated that by using the heterogeneous UV/Fenton process, the CODer removal rate reached almost 100% for wastewater containing phenol. Compared with the homogeneous process, the developed catalyst could be used at wider pH range in the UV/Fenton process. Comparison of various heterogeneous process showed that heterogeneous UV/Fenton process was best. The heterogeneous UV/Fenton process with Fe-Mn-Cu-Y catalyst is highly efficient in degrading various organic pollutants.     

Preparation of Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes electrode and its application in pentachlorophenol photoelectrocatalytic degradation

Zn-doped titanium oxide （TiO2） nanotubes electrode was prepared on a titanium plate by direct anodic oxidation and immersing method in sequence. Field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM） showed that the Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes were well aligned and organized into high density uniform arrays with diameter ranging from 50 to 90 nm. The length and the thickness were about 200 and 15 nm respectively. TiO2 anatase phase was identified by X-ray diffraction （XRD）. X-ray photoelectronspectroscopy （XPS） indicated that Zn ions were mainly located on the surface of TiO2 nanotubes in form of ZnO clusters. Compared with TiO2 nanotubes electrode, about 20 nm red shift in the spectrum of UV-vis absorption was observed. The degradation of pentachlorophenol （PCP） in aqueous solution under the same condition （initial concentration of PCP： 20 mg/L; concentration of Na2SO4：0.01 mol/L and pH： 7.03） was carried out using Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes electrode and TiO2 nanotubes electrode. The degradation rates of PCP using Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes electrode were found to be twice and 5.8 times as high as that using TiO2 nanotubes electrode by UV radiation （400 μw/cm^2） and visible light radiation （4500 μw/cm^2）, respectively. 73.5% of PCP was removed using Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes electrode against 45.5% removed using TiO2 nanotubes electrode in 120 min under UV radiation. While under visible light radiation, the degradation efficiency of PCP was 18.4% using Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes electrode against 3.2% using TiO2 nanotubes electrode in 120 min. The optimum concentration of Zn doping was found to be 0.909%. The PCP degradation efficiencies of the 10 repeated experiments by Zn-doped TiO2 nanotubes electrode were rather stable with the deviation within 3.0%.     

Photocatalytic oxidation of ammonia by Bi2WO6 nanoplates using fluorescent light

Photocatalytic oxidation under fluorescent light with BizW06 was used to oxidize ammonia. The results showed that the NHa＋/NH3 could be totally converted into NO3- and trace amount of NO2- in an alkaline solution. It was revealed that the photocatalytic oxidation efficiency was affected by the pH values and the initial concentration of the pollutant. Possible mechanism of photocatalytic oxidation in the system is proposed. The superoxide spe- cies （O2-） captured by the superoxide dismutase levels could accelerate the photocatalytic oxidation reaction. The indoor fluorescent lamp as the light source will be a promising option for future applications of photocatalytic technology.     

Degradation kinetics and mechanisms of phenolin photo－Fenton process

Phenol degradation in photochemically enhanced Fenton process was investigated in this work. UV-VIS spectra of phenol degradation showed the difference between photo-Fenton process and UV/H2O2, which is a typical hydroxyl radical process. A possible pathway diagram for phenol degradation in photo-Fenton process was proposed, and a mathematical model for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was developed. Operating parameters such as dosage of H2O2 and ferrous ions, pH, suitable carrier gas were found to impact the removal of COD significantly. The results and analysis of kinetic parameters calculated from the kinetic model showed that complex degradation of phenol was the main pathway for removal of COD: while hydroxyl radicals acted weakly in the photo-Fenton degradation of phenol.     

Photocatalytic degradation investigation of dicofol

Photocatalytic degradation of dicofol was investigated on TiO2 nano particles （TiO2-NPs） under UV light irradiation. It was shown that dicofol could be completely degraded into inorganic chloride ion under the condition of 0.25 mg/mL TiO2-NPs, 2 h irradiation of 400 W high pressure mercury lamp with a wavelength of 365 nm and air at a rate of 100 mlJmin. The effects of the experimental conditions, including the amount of TiO2-NPs, irradiation time and the intensity of light, were studied. The apparent photodegredation rate constant was 0.167/min under the optimal condition. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism of dicofol was also discussed.     

Mechanism of oxidative damage to DNA by Fe-loaded MCM-41 irradiated with visible light

The mechanism of oxidative damage to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by iron-containing mesoporous molecular sieves (MCM-41) irradiated with visible light was elucidated. Fe-loaded MCM-41 (Fe/MCM-41) was used as a photocatalyst and the damage to calf thymus DNA caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was studied. The damage and extent of oxidation of DNA were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and intermediate products were detected by HPLC/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Electron spin resonance was used to detect changes in reactive oxygen species and peroxidase catalytic spectrophotometry was used to determine the concentration of H2O2. The results indicated that Fe/MCM-41 efficiently activated H2O2 in solution at pH 4.0-8.0 under irradiation with visible light. The photocatalytic system degraded DNA most effectively at pH 5.0-6.0 but also operated at pH 8.0. At pH 4.2, the degree of DNA damage reached 25.65% after 5 h and the kinetic constant was 5.89×10 2 min 1. Damage to DNA was predominantly caused by hydroxyl radicals generated in the system. The mechanism of DNA damage is of potential concern to human health because it can occur in neutral solutions irradiated by visible light.     

Fabrication of visible-light responsive S-F-codoped TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanotubes

Fabrication and S-F-codoping of TiO2 nanotubes were carried out by a one-step electrochemical anodization process to extend the photoresponse of TiO2 to the visible-light region. The prepared samples were annealed in air and detected by SEM, XRD, XPS and UV-vis DRS spectrophotometer. The results showed that the average tube diameter of the nanotubes was 150 nm and the average tube length was 400 nm. The doped TiO2 nanotubes exhibited strong absorption in visible-light region. Photoelectrocatalytic degradation efficiency of 4-CP over S-F-codoped TiO2 nanotubes was 39.7% higher than that of only-F-doped sample. Moreover, sulfur and fluorine codoped into substitutional sites of TiO2 had been proven to be indispensable for strong response and high photocatalytic activity under visible light, as assessed by XPS.     

Fabrication of visible-light responsive S-F-codoped TiO_2 nanotubes

Fabrication and S-F-codoping of TiO2 nanotubes were carried out by a one-step electrochemical ano-dization process to extend the photoresponse of TiO2 to the visible-light region. The prepared samples were annealed in air and detected by SEM,XRD,XPS and UV-vis DRS spectrophotometer. The results showed that the average tube diameter of the nanotubes was 150 nm and the average tube length was 400 nm. The doped TiO2 nanotubes exhibited strong absorption in visible-light region. Photoelectro-catalytic degradation efficiency of 4-CP over S-F-codoped TiO2 nanotubes was 39.7% higher than that of only-F-doped sample. Moreover,sulfur and fluorine codoped into substitutional sites of TiO2 had been proven to be indispensable for strong response and high photocatalytic activity under visible light,as assessed by XPS.     

Different Performances of H2O2 to Oxidise Aldicarb and Hexazinone in the Advanced Oxidation Process of Ozone/Hydrogen Peroxide

The degradations of hexazinone and aldicarb by direct ozonation combined an advanced oxidation process（ AOP） of O3/H2O2 were investigated in this study focusing on the oxidation mechanism by identifying the hydrogen peroxide consumption during the oxidation process of the two chemicals. The results showed that H2O2 could enhance the removal rate of the triazine herbicide hexazinone,and it was consumed along with the variation of removal rate in the light of different pH levels. The addition of H2O2 contributed little to the removal of the thiocarbamate herbicide aldicarb and H2O2 content kept constantly throughout the degradation process. Tert-butyl alcohol（ TBA） effectively scavenged the ·OH radical for hexazinone,but had no effect on the removal rate of aldicarb. Aldicarb removal was mainly attributed to direct ozonation molecule in both O3（ 97.00%） and O3/H2O2（ 96.76%）systems. Moreover,sole O3 could hardly oxidize hexazinone whereas·OH radicals contribute respective 74.70% and 97.50% of removal in O3 system and O3/H2O2 AOP. All of these findings suggest that the mechanism of ·OH radical generation and the chain reaction in O3/H2O2 AOP should be further discussed.     

光催化降解养虾废水中有机物及灭菌研究

 为了研究TiO₂光催化降解养虾废水中有机物及杀菌能力,文章以TiO₂二氧化钛为催化剂,并分别加入H₂ O₂和Fenton试剂作为助剂进行了光催化降解实验。结果表明：在300 W中压汞灯和太阳光下,Fenton试剂作为助剂的效果最好, COD-Cr去除率分别达到71.6%和13.0%,而空白实验对应的COD-Cr去除率几乎为0。养虾废水中细菌总数为2.6×10¹¹个/L,以TiO₂为光催化剂,经300 W中压汞灯照射30 min或太阳光照射3 h后,杀菌率为100%。     

Fenton试剂处理含油废水的实验研究

采用Fenton高级氧化技术对模拟含油废水进行了氧化处理,探讨了反应时间、pH值、温度、H₂O₂和Fe²⁺投加量等因素对油去除率的影响,确定了最佳处理条件。试验结果表明,在水样中油浓度为120mg/L时,Fenton高级氧化反应最佳工艺条件为：c(H₂O₂)=40mmol/L,c(Fe²⁺)=4mmol/L,pH=3.0,温度为30℃;反应2h后,油的去除率达到最高值48.4%。这将为该工艺处理实际含油废水提供实验依据。     

Structure and 57Fe conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy study of Mn-Zn ferrite nanocrystal thin films by electroless plating in aqueous solution

Mn1-xZnxFe2O4thin films with various Zn contents and of different thickness were synthesized on glass substrates directly by electroless plating in aqueous solution at 90℃ without heat treatment. The Mn-Zn ferrite films have a single spinel phase structure and well-crystallized columnar grains growing per- pendicularly to the substrates. The results of conversion electron ^57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy （CEMS） Indicate that the cation distribution of Mn1-xZnxFe204 ferrite nanocrystal thin films fabricated by electroless plating is different from the bulk materials＇ and a great quantity of Fe^3＋ ions are still present on A sites for x〉0.5. When the Zn content of the films increases, Fe^3＋ ions in the films transfer from A sites to B sites and the hyperfine magnetic field reduces, suggesting that Zn2. has strong chemical affinity towards the A sites. On the other side, with the increase of the thickness of the films, Fe3＋ ions, at B sites in the spinel structure, increase and the array of magnetic moments no longer lies in the thin film plane completely. At x = 0.5, Hc and Ms of Mn1-xZnxFe204thin films show a minimum of 3.7 kA/m and a maximum of 419.6 kA/m, respectively.     

无机-有机杂化材料Mo8O26(H2bpp)2的合成与表征

以无水乙醇和冰乙酸为溶剂,Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O,（1,3 二(4-吡啶基)丙烷（bpp）和(NH₄)₆［Mo₇O₂₄］·4H₂O为反应物,在150℃下进行溶剂热反应,合成了新的无机-有机杂化材料Mo₈O₂₆(H₂bpp)₂。采用单晶X-射线衍射法测定晶体结构,通过紫外-可见-近红外反射光谱表征了晶体性能。研究表明,合成产物属单斜晶系,空间群P2₁/c,晶胞参数a=10.938(2),b=9.7351(19),c=19.649(4),β=101.74(3)° ,V=2048.5(7)A° ³;晶体结构由无机的［Mo₈O₂₆］^4-_n链和有机的(H₂bpp)²⁺离子靠静电力和氢键堆积而成;此无机-有机杂化材料对紫外光具有较强的吸收,且有一定的质子导电能力。     

Dawson结构多金属含氧酸盐热解性质研究(英)

用变温XRD,变温IR以及TG-DTA等方法,系统地研究了具有Dawson结构的Y_mH_nP₂M₁₈O₆₂&;#8226;qH₂O（Y=K⁺, NH⁴⁺, Cu²⁺;M=Mo,W）的热解性质,获得了它们较为精确的热分解温度,对其热分解的判断方法提出了一些新的见解.结果表明,以钼为配位原子的Dawson结构钾盐,铵盐,铜盐分别在250 ℃, 210 ℃, 240 ℃ 发生了热重排,生成了具有Keggin结构的化合物.以钨为配位原子的钾盐在410 ℃也有相似的行为,但铵盐和铜盐却没有观察到类似的热重排现象,分别在400 ℃, 450 ℃直接热分解为WO₃.这些结果显示,热重排现象的发生可能与相应的Keggin结构化合物的热稳定性有关.     

Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of new hybrid open-framework indium phosphate-oxalates

Crystalline open-framework inorganic materials have been widely studied because of the wide variety of the structures as well as their applications in heterogeneous catalysis, adsorption and ion exchange[1,2]. Of many open-framework solids, metal phosphates are an important family of materials, a large number of aluminum phos-phates[3,4], gallium phosphates[5—7], zinc phosphates[8—10], cobalt phosphate[11], beryllium phosphates[12—14] have been prepared and characterized. Recently, open-fra…     

硅钼钨多元取代多金属含氧簇合物的合成及其性质

合成了一个系列的过渡元素硅钼钨多元取代多金属含氧簇合物：K₄H₂[M(OH₂)SiMo₂W₉O₃₉].nH₂O (M=Mn²⁺,Co²⁺,Ni²⁺,Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺; n=21-26)。通过IR,UV,XPS,TG-DTA,XRD对其性质进行了表征。     

Synthesis of layered LiMnO2 by in situ oxidationintercalation and a study of the reaction mechanism and electrochemical performance

Lithium-ion batteries have become the main candi-date for rechargeable power sources in current electronicproducts because of their high open circuit voltage, highenergy density, longevity and absence of memory effect.Layered LiCoO2 has been used commerci…     

Fe3+,Ce3+共掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及其光催化性能

 以溶胶-凝胶法制备Fe³⁺,Ce³⁺共掺杂的纳米TiO₂光催化剂.研究了不同的三价铁、三价铈掺杂量及烧结温度对日光灯照射下TiO₂光催化降解甲基橙性能的影响.结果表明,Fe³⁺,Ce³⁺共掺杂能抑制TiO₂晶粒的生长,并使TiO₂的吸收带边明显红移约100nm;在普通日光灯下,共掺杂样品光催化效果优于单掺样品,Fe³⁺和Ce³⁺共掺杂对提高TiO₂在可见光下的催化活性具有协同效应,最佳掺杂量物质的量比为n(Fe³⁺):n(Ce³⁺):n(TiO₂)=0.005:0.015:1,最佳烧结温度为650℃.     

高氯酸镝与L-谷氨酸的反应热及标准生成焓的测定

合成了稀土高氯酸镝-谷氨酸配合物晶体。经热重、差热、化学分析及对比有关文献,确定了其组成是Dy₂(Glu)₂(ClO4)_4^.9H₂O, 纯度是96.54%。选用Dy(NO3)_3^.6H₂O,L-Glu,NaClO_4^.H₂O和NaNO₃作辅助物,使用具有恒温环境的反应热量计和热化学手段,以2mol/L HCl作溶剂,分别测定了［2Dy(NO3)₃^.6H₂O+2Glu+6NaClO₄.H₂O］和［Dy₂(Glu)₂(ClO₄)_4^.9H₂O+6NaNO₃］在25℃时的溶解焓。通过设计热化学循环求得化学反应的反应焓Δ_rH^Θ_m, _25℃=234.300kJ/mol, 计算得到配合物Dy₂(Glu)₂(ClO4)_4^.9H₂O(s)在25℃时的标准生成焓Δ_fH^Θ_m, _25℃=-6476.116kJ/mol。