Room temperature ferromagnetism of Ni,(Ni,Li),(Ni,N)-doped ZnO thin films

Ni-doped ZnO thin films (Ni concentration up to 10 mol%) were generated on Si (100) substrates by a sol-gel technique. The films showed wurtzite structure and no other phase was found. The chemical state of Ni was found to be bivalent by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results of magnetic measurements at room temperature indicated that the films were ferromagnetic, and magnetic moment decreased with rise of Ni concentration. The magnetization of Ni (10 mol%)-doped ZnO film annealed in nitrogen was low...     

工作气压对磁控溅射法制备硼碳氮薄膜结晶度的影响

本文用六方氮化硼和石墨靶材采用射频（频率为13．56MHz）磁控溅射法沉积硼碳氮薄膜，得到的硼碳氮薄膜可用红外，拉曼表征。工作气压从0．2Pa升高到6．0Pa。我们可以观察到工作气压可以明显的改变硼碳氮薄膜的晶体结构和结晶度。硼碳氯薄膜的半高宽随工作气压的增加而变化并且在工作气压1．0Pa时得到较好结晶度的薄膜。     

Cu_2ZnSnS_4 thin films prepared by sulfurizing different multilayer metal precursors

Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS)thin films were successfully fabricated on glass substrates by sulfurizing Cu-Sn-Zn multilayer precursors,which were deposited by ion beam sputtering and RF magnetron sputtering,respectively.The structural,electrical and optical properties of the prepared films under various processing conditions were investigated in detail. Results showed that the as-deposited CZTS thin films with the precursors by both ion beam sputtering and RF magnetron sputtering have a composition near stoichiometric.Th...     

TiO2薄膜的光电催化性能及电化学阻抗谱研究

用直流磁控溅射法在钛网上制备了TiO2薄膜催化剂,采用电化学阻抗谱（EIS）对其阻抗谱特征进行了表征.同时以偶氮酸性红溶液为模型污染物,验证了此工作电极在不同条件下的光电催化活性与阻抗谱之间的关系.研究表明：光电催化实验中TiO2薄膜在同时有紫外光和外加阳极偏压的情况下,有效实现电子-空穴分离,具有最好的催化活性;最佳的外加阳极偏压值为0.3V;其EIS Nyquist图上阻抗环半径也在此时最小,最容易发生反应,与光电催化实验结果一致.     

不锈钢表面ZnO-尖晶石复合氧化膜的制备及其可见光光催化性能

通过电沉积锌及空气气氛下两步热氧化，在304不锈钢表面形成具有可见光光催化活性的ZnO复合氧化物薄膜。运用X-射线衍射（XRD）、拉曼光谱（Rarnan）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析薄膜的结构及表面形貌，在可见光照射下测试了氧化膜催化降解罗丹明B的性能。结果显示：在0．05m0I／LZnSO4、2moL／LNH4Cl溶液中，以0．03A／cm^2的恒电流密度阴极极化120s，电沉积锌后于空气气氛中350℃下加热1h，然后升温至450℃下加热2h，在不锈钢表面形成了ZnO和尖晶石结构氧化物（AB2O4，A=Zn^2＋、Ni^2＋、Fe^2＋；B=Fe^3＋，Cr^3＋）的复合氧化膜，显示出良好的可见光光催化性能。     

多孔Cu2O／SnO2复合薄膜的制备及其可见光催化降解罗丹明B的性能

采用浸渍-沉积方法在电沉积的多孔Cu薄膜上修饰一层纳米SnO2，经低温热氧化处理制备出多孔Cu2O／SnO2复合多层薄膜。运用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X-射线粉末衍射仪（XRD）、紫外可见漫反射光谱（UV—vis DRS）和荧光光谱（FS）技术表征了薄膜的结构、形貌和光学性质。测试了薄膜在可见光下降解罗丹明B（RhB）的性能。结果表明，在30℃的0．2mol／LCuSO4＋1．5mol／L H2SO4镀液中，以1.5A／cm^2电流沉积20s得蓟的多孔Cu薄膜，在SnO2溶胶中浸渍10s并重复5次，再经空气气氛下100℃焙烧30min，锻得的多孔复夸薄膜显示良好的可见光催化降解RhB的性铯。     

Square ZnO nano-column and its thermal evolution

Square ZnO nano-columns have been manufactured by molecular beam epitaxy on p-type Si (100) substrate. The morphology and the evolution sequences after thermal annealing were investigated by in-situ scanning tunneling microscopy. We associated the morphology and microstructure evolution with the cubic Si (100) substrate, large lattice mismatching, the coexistence of wurtzite and zincblende phases of ZnO, and the thermal effect.     

Fabrication and its characteristics of low-temperature polycrystalline silicon thin films

In order to reduce the cost of solar cells or flat-panel display,it is very important to synthesis polycrystalline silicon films on low cost substrate such as glass at low temperature.In this work,electron cyclotron resonance(ECR)plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition(PECVD)system was successfully applied to synthesize poly-Si thin-film on common glass substrate using H2 as the plasma source and SiH4(Ar:SiH4=19:1)as the precursor gas at low temperature.Since the multicusp cavity-coupling ECR plasma sourc...     

ArF准分子激光晶化非晶硅薄膜微结构研究

利用ArF准分子激光对非晶硅薄膜的表层进行晶化后,采用拉曼光谱(Raman)、透射电镜(TEM)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)等实验方法研究不同激光能量密度下晶化层硅薄膜微结构变化。实验结果表明:随激光能量密度的增大,薄膜结晶度增大,晶化层厚度加厚;晶粒尺寸则是先增大,直到激光能量密度增大到210 mJ/cm~2后,晶粒尺寸开始减小并且均匀性逐渐变差。最佳的激光能量密度范围为120～180 mJ/cm~2,这时薄膜表面晶化层晶粒比较均匀致密,薄膜质量较好。     

多孔硅发光中的极化子效应

多孔硅体现了许多新光学性质，本文通过温度依赖的发光，傅立叶红外谱，时间分辨红外谱的观察。发现了些有规律的信息。众所周知，多孔硅在空气中陈化氧化，导致内部纳米尺寸减小。界面层由氢变为氧，我们发现同时伴随着电子态从本征态向极化子态的变化，前者随尺寸减小能量升高，表现为正常的量子限域效应。而后者却随尺寸减小能量降低。表现为量子限域极化子效应。温度依赖的发光谱型和强度变化也清楚地反映了尺寸依赖的极化子行为。因此，我们提出了个基本的物理模型来描述多孔硅中增强的极化子尺寸效应及其光学行为。     

有机功能材料薄膜与器件

具有光、电、磁物理功能的有机材料的出现促进新思想、新概念、新材料的发展；有机功能材料的电子状态、导电机理以及杂质的影响完全有别于无机金属和半导体，因此，在深入探索结构与功能的关系的基础上，有可能开展分子、聚集态以及器件设计的研究。若与有机化合物的结构多样化，良好的加工性、成膜和成纤性等特点相结合，有可能实现无机电子材料所难兼具的电子行为。进而实现“分子电路”的设想。这里，我们对有机功能材料的基本概念、种类，功能材料薄膜的沉积、器件的构筑，分子电子学和分子器件的概念作了一个较为全面的介绍。     

A new furanoterpene from aSpongia sp.

Summary A new C21 furanoterpene, oxygenated at C(8), has been isolated from aSpongia sp.; its structure has been established by chemical and spectroscopic studies. The stereochemistry of tetradehydrofurospongin-1 is discussed.A specimen of the sponge has been deposited at the Western Australian Museum (Catalogue No. WAM 429-81). We thank Miss J. Fromont for taxonomic information.A specimen of the sponge has been deposited at the Western Australian Museum (Catalogue No. WAM 483-82). We thank Professor Bergquist for taxonomic information.     

聚合物超薄膜结晶相关的形貌形成及链行为

聚合物超薄膜结晶是高分子物理领域的一个新研究课题,近来已引起人们的关注,其为人们在真实时空下研究聚合物结晶及相关链行为提供了可能。聚合物超薄膜结晶与膜厚(D)有很强的相关性,尤其是D<20nm的薄膜在结晶形貌和结晶动力学方面与本体结晶差别很大。已有的结果主要集中在结晶形貌、晶体尺寸、晶体生长速度和习性、晶体的熔融和结晶度等方面,涉及温度、膜厚、基片性质和膜的组成和结构对结晶的影响;然而,有些实验结果和解释彼此不完全一致,甚至有时相互矛盾。本文综述和讨论了近年来在超薄膜结晶方面的研究,重点在于结晶形貌的形成和相关的聚合物链行为。     

Collagen of the calcified layer of human articular cartilage

The distribution patterns of collagen types I, II and III were studied using immunofluorescent staining techniques in human articular cartilage, including the calcified layer. Tissue taken from femoral heads was stained with the appropriate antiserum. Adjacent sections were stained with von Kossa or Alizarin red to determine the distribution of calcium salts. Results indicate that endochondral ossification at this site occurs by calcium being deposited initially within a matrix of type II collagen.     

Collagen of the calcified layer of human articular cartilage

Summary The distribution patterns of collagen types I, II and III were studied using immunofluorescent staining techniques in human articular cartilage, including the calcified layer. Tissue taken from femoral heads was stained with the appropriate antiserum. Adjacent sections were stained with von Kossa or Alizarin red to determine the distribution of calcium salts. Results indicate that endochondral ossification at this site occurs by calcium being deposited initially within a matrix of type II collagen.     

Schnee als kristallines Aggregat

Summary The newly fallen snow exhibits in its large variety of form all the changes in the atmospheric conditions (temperature, moisture, wind), and is a divided, labile matter. After the deposit, the cubic weight increases through the dead weight and the intercrystalline forces. These latter are closely connected with the metamorphosis of the crystals of newly fallen snow, basing on a stability of form. It appears that the snow crystal is covered with a superficial layer of fluid-like properties, and that the surface expansion is responsible for the first phase of the transformation. For the further change into the coarse grained old snow temporal and local differences are necessary. This has been found by observation of nature and of laboratory experiments, and in both cases were the results the same. The snow aggregate possesses, as a whole, a remarkable plasticity; the relations of this latter to the crystal plasticity is, at present, being examined by means of deformation tests. Of the characteristics of the plasticity of crystals a certain firmness and recovery can be observed partly, however, obscured by an elastic after-effect up till now never observed in snow. Of a slow limit there is only a suggestion. Besides mechanical mensurations, microscopic tests are being made on thin grinding plates to get at the individual proceedings.     

How thin rational choice theory explains choices

The critics of rational choice theory (RCT) frequently build on the contrast between so-called thick and thin applications of RCT to argue that thin RCT lacks the potential to explain the choices of real-world agents. In this paper, I draw on often-cited RCT applications in several decision sciences to demonstrate that despite this prominent critique there are at least two different senses in which thin RCT can explain real-world agents’ choices. I then defend this thesis against the most influential objections put forward by the critics of RCT. In doing so, I explicate the implications of my thesis for the ongoing philosophical debate concerning the explanatory potential of RCT and the comparative merits of widely endorsed accounts of explanation.     

Structure of rat tail tendon collagen examined by atomic force microscope

The Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) was used to inspect collagen fibrils deposited on mica sheets at different fibrillogenesis times. Collagen was obtained from rat tail tendon fibers. Various fibril forms were observed, together with the characteristic periodic intra-fibril structure (D-bands). The fibril thickness, width, D-band periodicity and depth were measured and the statistical distribution of these parameters at 1, 2, 5, 10 and 15 days of in vitro fibril formation time was calculated. The fibrils showed an increasing size with time, but the band interval measure remained stable. The band depth, after an initial increase, exhibited a relative steadiness. The results indicate that AFM offers, at low resolution, images qualitatively similar to those obtained with electron microscopy, but with less manipulation of the sample. A quantitative evaluation of collagen structural features in the nanometer scale is made possible by AFM.     

Preferential affinity of acetylcholine receptor protein for certain lipids studied using monolayer cultures]

The interaction of the cholinergic (nicotinic) receptor protein purified from Torpedo marmorata electric organ with lipidic monomolecular films is studied at constant film area or constant superficial pressure. In both experimental situations, it is incorporated more efficiently into cholesterol than into egg lecithin films without showing any selectivity for a particular phospholipid class.     

Haloperidol produces hypothermic effects in rats

Intraperitoneal administration of either haloperidol or chlorpromazine produced hypothermia both in the cold (8 degrees C) and at room temperature (22 degrees C). The hypothermia was brought about both by a decrease in metabolic heat production and an increase in the cutaneous temperature of tail and foot skin. However, at a higher temperature (29 degrees C), there were no changes in rectal temperature and other thermoregulatory responses.