光谱学事件的时间标度与稀土配合物的荧光性质

阐述了光谱学动态事件的时间标度与稀土配合物的荧光性质及其相互关系，通过动态事件时间标度上的相对性来讨论稀土配合物的某些发光问题，着重探讨一种把复杂问题进行简化处理的方法．     

Hierarchical structures in climate and atmospheric turbulence

The climatic time series encompass many time scales, forming multi-scale climatic variations and hierarchies. The periods and magnitudes of cooling or warming, especially for extreme climatic events, vary with the time scales. On the other hand, high-frequency atmospheric turbulent motions, which are certainly related to the climatic changes, are also typical multi-scale phenomena. In this paper, certain properties of the fluctuations are examined that are invariant with the change of the time scales. Specifically, the existence of a statistical similarity law is demonstrated in climatic time series and in atmospheric turbulent motions. This is the hierarchical similarity law. Further analyses show that the hierarchical similarity law is a general property of multi-scale fluctuation systems. Therefore, the study on the hierarchical similarity law is important for understanding the inherent universal physical mechanism of complex systems in the atmospheric motions.     

An integrative estimation model of summer rainfall-band patterns in China

Three variation indices are defined to objectively and quantitatively represent fluctuations of three rainfall-band patterns in summers in China for the period from 1951 to 2005, and the variation features of these indices are analyzed on both of interdecadal and interannual scales. A new method is proposed to establish an integrative estimation model based on the analysis of rainfall-band indices, and the model is applied to air, ocean factors to estimate their roles on variations of three rainfall-band patterns on different time-scales. The tests of estimation effects show that the fluctuations of three rainfall-band patterns are composed of variations on both significant inter-decadal and interannual scales, of which the interannual variation is mainly influenced by the Elnino/Lanina events, the East Asia monsoon and the ridge locations of subtropical high pressures in western pacific, while the interdecadal variation is mainly controlled by the Pacific decadal oscillation and interdecadal oscillations of the Arctic oscillation, ENSO, Nino3 sea surface temperature and summer monsoon. The estimated results from the integrative estimation model of rainfall-band patterns suggest that the way of estimation first according to each time scale of both the interdecadal and interannual scales, then estimating with an integration, which is proposed in this paper, has an obvious improvement on that without separation of time scales.     

An integrative estimation model of summer rainfall-band patterns in China

Three variation indices are defined to objectively and quantitatively represent fluctuations of three rainfall-band patterns in summers in China for the period from 1951 to 2005, and the variation features of these indices are analyzed on both of interdecadal and interannual scales. A new method is proposed to establish an integrative estimation model based on the analysis of rainfall-band indices, and the model is applied to air, ocean factors to estimate their roles on variations of three rainfall-band patterns on different time-scales. The tests of estimation effects show that the fluctuations of three rainfall-band patterns are composed of variations on both significant inter-decadal and interannual scales, of which the interannual variation is mainly influenced by the Elnino/Lanina events, the East Asia monsoon and the ridge locations of subtropical high pressures in western pacific, while the interdecadal variation is mainly controlled by the Pacific decadal oscillation and interdecadal oscillations of the Arctic oscillation, ENSO, Nino3 sea surface temperature and summer monsoon. The estimated results from the integrative estimation model of rainfall-band patterns suggest that the way of estimation first according to each time scale of both the interdecadal and interannual scales, then estimating with an integration, which is proposed in this paper, has an obvious improvement on that without separation of time scales.     

Stochastic method to determine the scale and anomalous diffusion of gusts in a windy atmospheric boundary layer

In the atmospheric boundary layer, especially during strong wind period, the coherent structures are obvious and related to the direct interaction of the air masses with the ground. In this paper, we used the observation data during dust weather in Northwest Gansu to study the coherent structure and their ＂anomalous diffusion＂. The structures in the atmospheric boundary layer included turbulent fluctuations and gusty wind disturbances, and could be denoted as ＂critical events＂. Their fractal dimensions were expressed by the complex index μ of waiting times. Although the complex index can indicate the ability of the system to generate coherent structures, it has a strong dependence on the threshold marking the ＂critical events＂. Hence, the continuous time random walk method was used to analyze the coherent structures. The scaling law of anomalous diffusion of coherent structures was obtained, and the diffusion scaling exponent H that indicated the ability of diffusion of different structures was analyzed. The exponents changed with structure scales which were affected by velocities and heights. At small scales, it was almost isotropic, and at large scales, the coherent structures were obvious and the diffusion was anomalous.     

论环境变迁研究中的若干区域性问题

环境变迁是具有多因素相互作用、多等级区域分异、多尺度韵律变化的复杂过程，其中任何变化都不可能脱离区域分异规律而独立存在．许多变化过程及其主导因素随着区域等级的变化有很大的不同，从而在不同等级的区域会表现出不同的规律性．在努力探索人类生存环境在时间上的变化规律，着力于提高时间分辨率的同时，对于这些变化的区域分异规律应给予足够的重视，特别要注意提高空间分辨率     

末次冰消期以来古气候演化研究进展及展望

 从盛冰期到全新世之间的末次冰消期经历了地球表层系统的一次巨变,期间发生了一系列气候突变事件,在全球不同地区以不同的方式回应着这些事件的变化过程。末次冰消期转暖的过程和机制一直是古气候研究的热点。本文综述了末次冰消期以来的古气候/季风演化研究成果,指出海陆交界敏感地带的陆架区对全球环境变化十分敏感,陆架区沉积物蕴含了丰富的气候/季风演化信息,对陆架区沉积物中古气候代用指标的提取,东亚季风演化历史及其驱动机制、季风的差异和交互作用、季风在各个时间尺度上的驱动机制等问题的分析均具有重要意义,可以为地区及全球环境变化提供科学依据。     

Noether Theorem on Time Scales for Lagrangian Systems in Event Space

The Noether symmetry and the conserved quantity on time scales in event space are studied in this paper. Firstly, the Lagrangian of parameter forms on time scales in event space are established. The Euler-Lagrange equations and the second EulerLagrange equations of variational calculus on time scales in event space are established. Secondly, based upon the invariance of the Hamilton action on time scales in event space under the infinitesimal transformations of a group, the Noether symmetry and the conserved quantity on time scales in event space are established.Finally, an example is given to illustrate the method and results.     

珠江三角洲地区暴雨事件驱动因子研究

利用CMORPH降水数据、ERA5气象数据、欧空局土地利用数据、热带气旋灾害资料等多源异构数据,运用相关分析、M-K检验、合成分析、Student’s t-test等多种统计方法辨识珠江三角洲地区暴雨关键驱动因子．研究发现:不同时间尺度上暴雨事件年际变化趋势均不显著;净水汽通量、强热带风暴、气压变化等是研究区暴雨事件的主要驱动因子,夏季西北太平洋副高位置及强度对研究区暴雨的发生也有影响,城市化程度、厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜现象等对研究区暴雨事件影响不显著．研究结果可为珠三角暴雨事件、暴雨致洪及城市内涝的预测与灾害风险评估提供理论支撑和决策依据．      

Interdependence of behavioural variability and response to small stimuli in bacteria

The chemotaxis signalling network in Escherichia coli that controls the locomotion of bacteria is a classic model system for signal transduction. This pathway modulates the behaviour of flagellar motors to propel bacteria towards sources of chemical attractants. Although this system relaxes to a steady state in response to environmental changes, the signalling events within the chemotaxis network are noisy and cause large temporal variations of the motor behaviour even in the absence of stimulus. That the same signalling network governs both behavioural variability and cellular response raises the question of whether these two traits are independent. Here, we experimentally establish a fluctuation-response relationship in the chemotaxis system of living bacteria. Using this relationship, we demonstrate the possibility of inferring the cellular response from the behavioural variability measured before stimulus. In monitoring the pre- and post-stimulus switching behaviour of individual bacterial motors, we found that variability scales linearly with the response time for different functioning states of the cell. This study highlights that the fundamental relationship between fluctuation and response is not constrained to physical systems at thermodynamic equilibrium but is extensible to living cells. Such a relationship not only implies that behavioural variability and cellular response can be coupled traits, but it also provides a general framework within which we can examine how the selection of a network design shapes this interdependence.     

Deep-sea pollen research in China

This paper briefly presents the progress of deep-sea pollen research in China since the beginning of ninetieths of the last Century. All the deep-sea pollen contri-butions mainly come from the South China Sea (SCS) and the East China Sea (ECS). The German-Chinese joint cruise (Sonne 95) and ODP 184 cruise initiated by Chinese scientists in the SCS provided excellent material for the deep-sea pollen research. So far a number of pollen results of 20-30 ka and million years from the SCS have been published. A couple of deep-sea pollen records from Okinawa Through of the ECS also came out. The high resolution pollen records obtained from the continuous deposits with high sedimentation rates and reliable age control of the deep-sea sediments provided a high time resolution history (hundred to millennial scales) of vegetation, environment and monsoon evolution of the pollen source areas (southern China and Japan). Spectral analysis of deep-sea pollen records from the SCS discovered orbital (100, 41, 23, 10 ka) and suborbital cyclicities(Heinrich and Dansgaard/Oscheger-O/D events) in the vegetation changes. Moreover, cross spectral analysis showed that the trend of vegetation changes in northern SCS was regulated mainly by changes of the ice volume in the Northern Hemisphere. The pollen record of the last 20 ka from the Okinawa Through of the ECS indicates that the marine environmental change lagged that on the terrestrail by about 1000 year. The asynchronous environmental changes between land and sea were probably caused by the time difference in thermohaline circulation. This study underscored the role of the deep-sea plant fossils as a bridge across the land and sea.     

地震数据关系网络的空间尺度

通过分析美国加州地区地震数据关系网络的拓扑结构特征,研究了不同空间尺度下网络拓扑结构基本度量参数的变化规律.结果表明:随着空间尺度的增加,网络规模迅速变小,并最终达到稳定;网络的平均聚集系数和平均最短路径长度随空间尺度的增加呈波动性下降.度分布频度研究结果表明,网络的空间尺度在一个有效范围内时,网络呈现出较好的幂律分布,该范围受事件数量影响.     

时间尺度上非保守系统的Lie对称性及其守恒量

研究了时间尺度上非保守系统的Lie对称性及其守恒量.首先,基于时间尺度上微分方程在无限小变换下的不变性,导出了时间尺度上Lie对称性的确定方程;然后,建立了时间尺度上非保守系统的Lie对称性的结构方程,以及时间尺度上非保守系统的Lie对称性的Noether型守恒量;最后,举例说明其结果的应用.     

安徽江淮流域环境考古综合集成研究展望

通过对安徽江淮流域环境考古研究的回顾,全面总结该地区近年来区域环境考古研究取得的成果和新进展。同时对该区环境考古研究的手段和方法进行梳理,指出安徽江淮流域环境考古研究目前存在的主要问题,并提出了下一步研究的思路,即通过多学科、多手段对区域自然沉积地层和考古遗址地层的多环境代用指标的环境考古综合集成研究：（1）建立区域高分辨率的年代框架和环境演变序列;（2）通过典型新石器时代遗址的研究,建立区域考古学文化序列;（3）建立洪水灾变地层标志,提取地层洪水灾变事件信息;（4）探讨人类活动对区域环境演变的响应机制。研究将为探究安徽江淮流域古代文明起源和发展的轨迹,揭示区域环境演变和古洪水事件对该区人地关系的影响机制打下基础。     

我国大型体育赛事与城市生态环境问题探析

近来我国北方“雾霾天气”的出现使人们更加关注环境问题,各行各业纷纷自我检视。作为现代社会活动的一种---大型体育赛事的生态环境问题理应再次引起人们的注意。大型体育赛事的生态环境问题是协同进化环境伦理基本原则的要求、是环境道德主要规范的要求、是人类社会文明转型的要求。在生态文明观照下的体育赛事与城市生态环境问题更应该引起全社会的关注。尤其是体育场馆规划建设选址问题、建材的使用及处理问题、城市环境污染问题,其中包括空气污染、水质污染、电磁污染、噪声污染等,只有全社会的关注才能使大型体育赛事为城市发展带来积极效应,避免隐形的生态环境消极效应。     

Global trends in emerging infectious diseases

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are a significant burden on global economies and public health. Their emergence is thought to be driven largely by socio-economic, environmental and ecological factors, but no comparative study has explicitly analysed these linkages to understand global temporal and spatial patterns of EIDs. Here we analyse a database of 335 EID 'events' (origins of EIDs) between 1940 and 2004, and demonstrate non-random global patterns. EID events have risen significantly over time after controlling for reporting bias, with their peak incidence (in the 1980s) concomitant with the HIV pandemic. EID events are dominated by zoonoses (60.3% of EIDs): the majority of these (71.8%) originate in wildlife (for example, severe acute respiratory virus, Ebola virus), and are increasing significantly over time. We find that 54.3% of EID events are caused by bacteria or rickettsia, reflecting a large number of drug-resistant microbes in our database. Our results confirm that EID origins are significantly correlated with socio-economic, environmental and ecological factors, and provide a basis for identifying regions where new EIDs are most likely to originate (emerging disease 'hotspots'). They also reveal a substantial risk of wildlife zoonotic and vector-borne EIDs originating at lower latitudes where reporting effort is low. We conclude that global resources to counter disease emergence are poorly allocated, with the majority of the scientific and surveillance effort focused on countries from where the next important EID is least likely to originate.     

酒鬼酒股票收益率序列的多重分形特征

运用多重分形消除趋势波动分析法,研究湘西酒鬼酒上市公司股票收益率的多重分形特征可知,股票收益率序列在不同尺度上均具有多重分形特征,验证了分形市场的假说.进一步运用相位随机替代法与随机重构法,对不同时间尺度上多重分形特征的动力原因进行分析可知,在小时间尺度上长期持续性占主导作用,而大时间尺度上尖峰胖尾与长期持续性共同作用导致多重分形特征的产生.     

4000a前中国洪水与文化的探讨

从环境演变及环境考古等方面给其一个较为精确的定位，从气候、地质学角度分析了4000a前洪水的形成原因．同时，在史前时期，古文化的分布在很大程度上依赖环境条件，极端的水文事件或许会导致文化格局的重大调整，4000a的洪水对当时的文化造成了很大的冲击．     

时间尺度上奇异Lagrange系统对称性与守恒量

时间尺度可以统一连续分析与离散分析,Noether对称性方法又是分析力学中独特的积分方法之一,而且在实际问题中,较多1阶微分方程组可化为奇异Lagrange系统,因此对时间尺度上奇异Lagrange系统Noether对称性与守恒量的研究具有重要的理论和实际意义.首先,给出时间尺度上奇异Lagrange系统的运动微分方程; 其次,讨论该系统Noether对称性和Noether准对称性的定义和判据; 最后,寻求与对称性和准对称性相应的Noether守恒量,并举例说明结果的应用.     

时间尺度上奇异变质量可控非完整系统的Noether对称性

研究时间尺度上奇异变质量可控非完整系统的Noether对称性与守恒量.首先以时间尺度上的Hamilton原理为基础,建立时间尺度上奇异变质量可控非完整系统的运动方程,然后依据Hamilton作用量在无限小变换下的不变性,给出该系统Noether广义准对称性的判据和Noether广义准对称性所对应的守恒量,最后举例说明研究结果的应用.