Fine Structure of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Solids

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＳｉｌｋｆｉｂｒｏｉｎ (Ｂｏｍｂｙｘｍｏｒｉ)ｉｓｔｈｅｐｏｌｙｍｅｒｗｉｔｈｔｗｏｋｉｎｄｓｏｆｃｒｙｓｔａｌｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ,ｓｉｌｋⅠａｎｄｓｉｌｋⅡ[1,2 ] .ＴｈｅｓｐａｃｅｃｏｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｉｌｋⅠｔａｋｅｓｏｎｔｈｅｓｈａｐｅｏｆｃｒｏｏｋｅｄｈａｎｄｌｅ ,ｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒｍｅｄｉａｔｅｆｏｒｍｂｅｔｗｅｅｎα ｓｐｉｒａｌｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄβ ｆｏｌｄｅｄｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ ,ａｎｄｔｈａｔｏｆｓｉｌｋⅡｉｓａｎｔｉ ｐａｒａｌｌｅｌβ ｆｏｌｄｅ…     

明胶/丝素共混多孔膜的制备

采用冷冻干燥法制备明胶与家蚕丝素的共混多孔蛋白膜，探讨了交联剂用量，共混比例及冷冻温度对膜结构和性能的影响，指出戊二醛对共混多膜具有明显的交联作用，膜内丝素与明胶的相容性较好，蛋白质的结构以无定形为主，通过与明胶共混，能够改善多孔丝素膜的拉伸性能。     

Preparation and Characterization of Silk Fibroin Aerogel

Silk protein fibroin,as a biomedical material,has good biocompatibility,biodegradability,regulation and excellent physical and chemical properties. In this work,a low density porous silk fibroin material is prepared from fibroin solution by high-speed shearing with impeller. By adjusting shear rate of the stirrer,silk fibroin aerogel with different sizes of the aperture is prepared. In general, this aerogel has small porosity, uniform pores, good mechanical properties and slow rate of degradation. It is observed that increasing the shear rate results in higher porosity of aerogel,while the diameter of the aerogel becomes smaller. This silk aerogel may offer a new option as biomaterial for the tissue engineering application based on the information on the structural behaviors.     

稀土固着丝胶增重真丝纤维的结构变化

用稀土金属离子通过形成配位结合来固着丝胶，制备了不同增重率的丝纤维，研究了增重丝纤维结构变化。与未增重丝纤维相比，增重丝纤维的纵向形态和截面形态发生了变化，增重丝纤维中氮元素和碳元素的含量呈下降趋势，增重丝纤维中极性氨基酸含量增加，增重丝纤维的结晶度随着增重率的增加而下降，增重丝纤维热分解峰顶温度变化不明显。     

丝素在NMMO·H2O中的溶解及溶液流变性能的研究

探讨了丝素在N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物一水合物(NMMO.H2O)中的溶解行为,结果发现:天然蚕丝纤维脱胶后得到的丝纤维可以直接溶解在NMMO.H2O中,但是很难得到高于10%浓度的溶液,因而无法用于纺丝.而由再生丝素水溶液制得的再生丝素膜则易于溶解在NMMO.H2O中,并可以得到浓度高达25%的再生丝素/NMMO.H2O溶液,在上述研究的基础上,本文还对再生丝素/NMMO.H2O的流变行为进行了初步研究.     

多孔柞蚕丝素支架的制备及其在药物缓释中的应用

采用冷冻干燥法制备了多孔柞蚕丝素支架,分析了丝素溶液浓度与支架孔径、孔隙率之间的关系,并研究了多孔柞蚕丝素支架负载5-氟尿嘧啶的缓释性能.研究表明,当丝素浓度较低时,支架中的孔洞分布较为均匀,孔径和孔隙率也较大,而随着丝素溶液浓度增大,支架的孔径和孔隙率逐渐减小;支架的药物释放过程可分为快速释放和缓慢释放两个阶段.     

丝素在生物医学领域中的应用

讨论了丝素（silk fibroin,SF)与生物医学领域应用相关的基本性质，以及在生物分析及药物缓释载体，人工器官及组织工程支撑体材料中的应用现状，结论认为：丝素具有固化结晶方式的多样化。易于保持高度生物亲和性以及形成特殊的多孔性网状结构。丝素还具有优良的成膜特性，并且通过与其它一些天然高分子材料的复合与化学改性，可以进一步改善其物理性能，从而适宜于构建新型药物载体与人工器官，同时，针对丝素蛋白在体的生物相容性，在体降解特性方面存在的问题，认为其在体变化机制不仅取决于与之接触体液的化学构成，也与温度，力学环境等生物物理因素有关，因此其在体变化机制是生物力学与生物流变学的因素与生物化学因素协同控制的。     

导电聚苯胺不同纳米结构的制备

分别以纤维状材料(如H3PW12O40/PVA纤维、头发丝、涤纶丝、玻璃丝、细铜丝)、环状材料(如细铜丝环、头发丝环)以及膜状材料(如保鲜膜)等为模板,以杂多酸H3PW12O40为掺杂剂,过二硫酸铵为氧化剂,制备了具有不同纳米结构的多酸掺杂聚苯胺材料.采用红外光谱和扫描电镜对聚苯胺进行了结构和形态表征.结果表明:模板形态对聚苯胺纳米结构有较大的影响,纤维状模板导致聚苯胺具有纳米棒结构,直径在300～400 nm之间;环状模板导致聚苯胺具有微米球结构,直径在1 000～3 000 nm之间;膜状模板导致聚苯胺具有片状结构.所得材料的电导率均大于0.1 S/cm.     

高含量再生丝素蛋白水溶液的热性能研究

用差示扫描量热仪(DSC),对不同含量的再生丝素蛋白水溶液(质量分数为12%~42%),以及同一含量不同剪切速率(1 000 s-1和2 000 s-1)下溶液热性能的变化进行了对比研究。结果表明,随着含量的增大,再生丝素蛋白水溶液发生相转变的温度逐渐降低;同样,经剪切后的溶液发生相转变的温度均向低温漂移,且随着剪切作用的加强,向低温的漂移越明显。试验表明,丝素水溶液含量的增加和剪切作用可加速溶液从无规线团或α-螺旋向β-折叠构象的转变速度,且随着剪切速率的提高,构象转变的速度也加快。     

Preparation of 3-D porous fibroin scaffolds by freeze drying with treatment of methanol solutions

In this study, silk scaffolds with appropriate porous structures were prepared by adjusting solution concentrations and providing treatment with methanol solutions in the way of freeze drying. The effects of the preparation conditions on the microstructures and properties of the scaffolds were discussed. Fibroin solutions with different concentrations of 4, 6, 8, 10 wt% were used respectively to prepare the scaffolds. The effects of the addition of 20 vol% methanol before or after freeze drying to the 4 wt% fibroin solution were investigated. As demonstrated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the fib-roin scaffolds prepared without methanol had porous microstructures composed of thin sheets, and the sizes of the pores decreased with the increase of the fibroin solution concentrations, while the scaffolds prepared in the presence of methanol showed porous microstructures formed by fine-particle aggregates. The porosities and mechanical properties of the prepared fibroin scaffolds under different conditions were tested. The crystalline structures and conformations of the fibroin scaffolds were detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).     

天然丝素制备三维多孔支架

研究盐沥滤法制备三维多孔丝素支架,在丝素多孔支架上培养人成骨肉瘤细胞、成纤维细胞及肝细胞.研究材料的细胞相容性,发现多种动物细胞在盐沥滤法所制备的丝素多孔支架材料上能够很好地黏附和增殖.通过调整丝素水溶液的浓度、溶解丝素溶剂体系、NaCl添加量和NaCl粒径,制备出结构和性质可以调控的三维支架.该结果为丝素多孔支架材料的制备提供了新的研究思路和方法.     

Biological and mechanical investigation of novel flax/silk protein-based nanofibrous scaffold for bone regeneration

The process of bone tissue regeneration involves an intricate network of a biological macromolecules that includes proteins and peptides to support stimulation and healing response. Here, we have fabricated a novel flaxseed/silk fibroin based (dual protein) composite nanofibers using β-TCP to improve the biological properties and promote cartilage tissue regeneration along with a controllable rate of biodegradation. The physiochemical properties of PVA/β-TCP/FP:SF were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, porosity, contact angle measurements and mechanical evaluation etc. This study demonstrates the biological performance of the developed nanofibers by using hemocompatibility, biodegradation ability, and apatite deposition in stimulated body fluid. Moreover, the cell viability assay was performed on MG-63 osteoblast cells and long-term antibacterial rate against E. coli and S. aureus was analysed. Docking results of flax protein and silk fibroin protein further confirmed the stable modes of intramolecular bonding and the most stable electrostatic values using theoretical calculations. Taken together, the experimental results proved that the dual protein-based fibrous scaffold was found to be up-regulated in terms of biological activity with enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation.     

Patterning the neuronal cells via inkjet printing of self-assembled peptides on silk scaffolds

The patterning of neuronal cells and guiding neurite growth are important for neuron tissue engineering and cell-based biosensors. In this paper, inkjet printing has been employed to pattern self-assembled I₃QGK peptide nanofibers on silk substrates for guiding the growth of neuron-like PC12 cells. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed the dynamic self-assembly of I₃QGK into nanofiber structures. The printed self-assembled peptide strongly adheres to regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) substrates through charge-charge interactions. It was observed that in the absence of I₃QGK, PC12 cells exhibited poor attachment to RSF films, while for RSF surfaces coated or printed with peptide nanofibers, cellular attachment was significantly improved in terms of both cell density and morphology. AFM results revealed that peptide nanofibers can promote the generation of axons and terminal buttons of PC12 cells, indicating that I₃QGK nanofibers not only promote cellular attachment but also facilitate differentiation into neuronal phenotypes. Inkjet printing allows complex patterning of peptide nanofibers onto RSF substrates, which enabled us to engineer cell alignment and provide an opportunity to direct axonal development in vitro. The live/dead assay showed that printed I₃QGK patterns exhibit no cytotoxicity to PC12 cells demonstrating potential for future nerve tissue engineering applications.     

再生丝心蛋白和羧甲基纤维素复合膜的特性及其在有机相葡萄糖生物传感器中的应用

用再生丝心蛋白和羧甲基纤维素构成的复合膜作为固定葡萄糖氧化酶的基质,并用红外光谱测试了该复合膜的结构,用扫描电子显微镜观察了其形态．用上述复合膜材料固定葡萄糖氧化酶和羧酸二茂铁（或７,７,８,８－四氰代二甲基苯醌,ＴＣＮＱ）制成的葡萄糖生物传感器具有较好的灵敏度与稳定性     

Physico-Chemical Properties of a Water-Insoluble Silk Fibroin Film

The conventional silk fibroin(SF)films obtained by casting from SF aqueous solution are amorphous,and easily dissolved in water.This defect limits the practical use of SF films in biomedical field.A new water-insoluble silk fibroin film(an SF-FA film)could be simply prepared by casting from SF formic acid solution.The physical properties and moisture permeability of SF-FA films were examined.The results show that the SF-FA film swollen in water exhibits outstanding pliability.The weight loss of SF-FA films ...     

Controlled fabrication of fullerene derivative one-dimensional nanostructures via electrophoretic deposition of its clusters

Well-defined and controllable one-dimensional(ID) nanostructures of fullerene derivative have been prepared by an electrophoretic template synthesis method. The clusters of fullerene derivative formed in mixed solvents are introduced into the channels of porous alumina templates through a dc electric field. Four types of ID nanostructures(solid nanowires, solid-wall nanotubes, porous nanowires and porous-wall nanotubes) have been obtained by changing the deposition parameters. This,approach opens a new avenue to assemble fullerene derivatives, endohedral fullerenes, as well as other functional organic compounds, which can form clusters in ID nanostructure arrays for applications in chemical sensors, light energy conversion devices and nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices.     

Study on Electrospinning Silk Fibroin Solution

A new method of preparing silk fibroin （SF） solution used in the decterospinning was introduced in this paper. According to the method, SF was dissolved in the LiBr/CH2O2 solution directly at room temperature. The method was compared with the traditional method--SF was dissolved in CaCl2 ternary solution. The structure of SF films and the morphology of SF nanofibers were examined by attenuated total reflectance fourier transform intrared （ATR- FTIR） spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope （SEM） and optical polarizing microscope. The result of this study shows that the new method is a faster, more convenient and high cfficieat way to get the SF solution and the characteristics of SF fiber made by the new metbod is much better.     

Examination of Subunit Composition of Bombyx Mori Silk Fibroin

Main subunits of the silk fibroin were separated by GFC(gel filtration chromatography)technigue.The nativesilk fibroin and α,c subunits were measured by gel elec-trophoresis.The aminoacid compositions of the nativesilk fibroin and α,c subunits were analyzed by means ofaminoacid measurement.Some properties of silk was inter-preted in view of subunit composition of silk fibroin.     

预处理对丝素促进293T细胞生长的影响

采用多种处理方法对丝素进行预处理,探讨其作为支架对293T细胞生长的促进作用．正交实验结果显示：以脱胶方式和包埋方法对结果的影响明显,并有统计学意义（P≤0．01）;在经胰蛋白酶脱胶、盐酸作用、以壳聚糖／聚乙二醇包埋的双股丝素蛋白纤维支架上,293T细胞数最多;在经胰蛋白酶脱胶、氢氧化钠作用、以壳聚糖／聚乙二醇包埋的3股丝素蛋白纤维支架细胞上,293T细胞活性达到最大．处理后的支架能使293T细胞很好地生长增殖,细胞呈球状体、集落性附着在丝素蛋白纤维上．     

银纳米粒子构筑树枝状微纳结构用于表面增强拉曼散射的研究

通过简便的电化学沉积法制备出一种新颖的由树干、树枝和树叶构筑的树枝状银微纳结构。采用SEM和XRD等技术对所制备的银微纳结构进行结构表征,并结合其结构特点对树枝状银微纳结构的形成机制进行了初步探讨,制备的树枝状纳银具有极强的对称性的结构。单分子检测实验表明,由于树枝银的高纵横比、众多的间隙结构和纳米尺寸的单晶树叶状银等结构特点,所制备的树枝状银微纳结构作为表面增强拉曼散射(Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering,SERS)的基底具有优异的SERS活性,可用于超低浓度的单分子检测。