多模光纤包层吸收特性对SMS光纤结构温度特性的影响

基于模式干涉原理,建立了分析多模光纤包层吸收系数随温度变化对单模-多模-单模(SMS)光纤结构透射光谱影响的理论模型,利用此模型进一步分析了多模光纤包层吸收特性对SMS光纤结构温度特性的影响规律.发现不同温度下,多模光纤包层的吸收特性变化仅对SMS光纤结构透射光谱的传输损耗有影响,并且随着多模光纤包层吸收系数随温度的变化率增大,传输损耗的变化增大;而不同温度下,多模光纤包层的吸收特性变化对SMS光纤结构透射光谱的特征谷位置没有影响.从而得到多模光纤包层吸收特性主要影响基于传输损耗变化解调的各类SMS光纤传感器的温度特性,而对基于特征波长变化解调的各类SMS光纤传感器的温度特性没有影响.     

金属包层光纤的包层模式

为了研究金属包层长周期光纤光栅(LPFGs)的特性，需要研究金属包层光纤的包层模．根据金属包层光纤的特点，给出了金属包层光纤包层模的本征方程，讨论了这一复本征方程的求解方法，并研究了不同金属包层对包层模传播常数和损耗的影响．结果表明，对低电阻率的金属如金、银等，介电常数的虚部对低阶模的传播常数影响较小，尤其是对HE模影响更小，对铝、镍等影响稍大．金属包层对包层模的损耗，与光波长、包层模序和金属类型有关．介电常数虚部大(绝对值)，而且包层模序也大时，损耗较大．     

电光效应对光纤波导效率的影响

采用数值计算方法,研究了包层为单轴各向异性电光晶体材料且其主轴沿光纤轴线的单包层光纤外加电场对光纤波导效率的影响.研究结果表明:外加电场对该种光纤中芯层和包层间的功率分布影响显著,在外加电场逐渐增大时,光能量逐渐集中到包层中,为设计新型电压传感器提供理论依据.     

塑料光纤包层的研究

研究了苯乙烯－甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物（ＰＳ－ＭＭＡ）芯塑料光纤包层的制备方法．通过比较传统的溶剂型涂层热涂覆光纤芯和用紫外光固化含有光引发剂的塑料光纤涂层发现,后者利用预聚单体作为光纤涂覆层,缩短了光纤包层的固化时间．并讨论了不同材料及配方对塑料光纤衰减的影响．     

长周期光纤光栅包层模场分布及其耦合系数

基于简化的三层模型分析了单模光纤的包层模理论.研究了长周期光纤光栅的包层模场分布及其与基模的耦合系数.利用计算机建模,采用Matlab对实用的SMF-28TM单模光纤进行模拟分析,得到了一阶不同次的包层模在沿光纤半径方向的光密度分布情况,及其与纤芯内的基模耦合系数的计算结果.证明了一阶低次奇、偶包层模在光纤纤芯内部的能量分布具有不同的特点,奇次包层模在纤芯内的能量远大于偶次包层模,因而奇次包层模与基模的耦合系数远大于偶次包层模与基模的耦合系数     

多包层平坦光纤色散的数值分析

采用了等效法求解多包层平坦光纤的色散.假设波导色散和材料色散加性的,计算了平坦阶跃光纤的精确的色散.利用Matlab工具,先给出光纤的色散和传播常数之间的关系,再将多包层平坦光纤的等效为阶跃光纤,计算出等效的折射率,然后用迭代法解方程组计算出传播常数的数值解,最后拟合出光纤的色散曲线.结果表明:将多包层光纤等效为阶跃光纤,减少了计算量,精度也能达到实用要求.     

长周期光纤光栅包层模场分布及其耦合系数

基于简化的三层模型分析了单模光纤的包层模理论。研究了长周期光纤光栅的包层模块分布及其与基模的耦合系数。利用计算机建模,采用Ｍａｔｌａｂ对实用的ＳＭＦ－２８＾ＴＭ单模光纤进行模拟分析,得到了一阶不同次的层包模在沿光纤半径方向的光密度分布情况,及其与纤芯内的基模耦合系数的计算结果。证明了一阶低次奇、偶包层模在光纤纤芯内部的能量分布具有不同的特点,奇次包层模在纤芯内的能量远大于偶次包层模,因而奇次包层模     

有机包层光纤的二阶非线性效应

本文研究有机包层光纤中的非线性互作用,从求解耦合方程组得到二次谐波互作用效率的分析表达式并进行了详细的数值计算,讨论了影响转换效率的因素及相位匹配等问题.计算表明,有机包层光纤可以获得较高的二次谐波转换效率.     

椭圆包层型保偏光纤的设计与研制

从理论分析、结构分析和工艺制备方面介绍了椭圆包层型保偏光纤的研制,阐述了这种光纤在实际应用中的优良性能,重点介绍了Φ45椭圆包层型保偏光纤的制备。     

EH包层模及互耦合对长周期光纤光栅谱特性的影响

利用光波导的模耦合理论以及光纤中传播常数与波长的近似线性关系，研究了基于导模和不同包层模耦合的长周期光纤光栅的透射谱特点，对一阶低次包层模，透射谱较窄，随着模序增加，透射谱变宽；在某一模序附近，谱宽达到最大；以后随模序增大，谱宽迅速变小，对模序较高的包层模(一阶)，相邻的HE和EH包层模的传播常数相差不大，而且导模和它们的耦舍系数接近，因此能够在较近的波段范围内同时和它们产生耦合，从而对谱分布产生一定影响，包层模互耦合的条件较难满足，即使偶有满足其影响也很小，可以忽略，利用不同的包层模，可以设计出透射谱很宽或很窄的长周期光纤光栅。     

激光熔覆金属合金和WC复合涂层及其应用

为了改善机械零件的表面性质,利用２ｋＷＣＷＣＯ２激光在金属或零件表面熔覆０．１０～１０．００ｍｍ的金属合金和ＷＣ复合耐磨涂层;并研究了其微观结构和硬度分布与熔覆工艺的关系;为了减少和避免耐磨涂层发生裂纹而设计了具有硬质相分布的“梯度涂层”,或在硬质表层和基体之间增加具有良好韧性的“过渡层”,获得了无缺陷,与基体冶金结合的优质涂层。在一些磨损零件的激光熔覆修复中,可延长使用寿命２～３倍以上。     

内包层为负折射率介质双包层光纤的HE11导模特性分析

对内包层为负折射率介质,纤芯和外包层都为常规材料的W型弱导双包层光纤进行研究.在不考虑材料色散和介质损耗的情况下,采用全矢量的方法,由亥姆霍兹方程出发得到严格精确的震荡模式的特征方程.分另讨论了内包层折射率和厚度对该左手材料光纤的HE11模式的影响,画出了该模式不同情况下的色散曲线及截止频率随内包层折射率和厚度变化的曲...     

薄膜镀层的XRD分析

利用X射线多晶衍射和计算机模拟的方法对薄膜镀层的物相成分、晶粒度大小、膜厚度、粗糙度、膜密度、吸收系数、折射因子进行测试分析,分析结果表明采用此方法对薄膜进行分析准确度高,速度快.     

Microstructures of laser cladding of intermetallic-ceramic composite coatings

The microstructures of laser cladding of (Ni-24.5%(atom fraction)Al)+50%(mass haction)WC coatings before and after aging was comparetively studied by using SEM and TEM. It is shown that dissolving of WC and reprecipitating in the forms of WC and W₂C occurred during laser cladding, and intermetallic γ' (Ni₃Al) orderly precipitate from metastable supersaturant Ni-matrix solid solution after heat treatment. The structures are favorable for coating's properties.     

液压元件表面激光熔覆强化

阐述了激光熔覆强化技术的原理及强化机理和国内外发展动态，与传统表面强化方法做了比较，总结了激光熔覆强化的优越性．液压元件关键另件的耐磨要求很高，对这些零件进行激光熔覆强化，将会创造可观的经济效益和社会效益。     

Laser cladding of Ni-based alloy on copper substrate

The laser cladding of Ni1015 alloy on Cu substrate was prepared by a high power continuous wave CO₂ laser. Its microstructure was analyzed by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The average microhardness of the cladding coating was Hv 280, which was almost three times of that of the Cu substrate (Hv 85). OM and SEM observations showed that the obtained coating had a smooth and uniform surface, as well as a metallurgical combination with the Cu substrate without cracks and pores at the interface. With the addition of copper into the nickel-based alloy, the differences of thermal expansion coefficient and melting point between the interlayer and cladding were reduced, which resulted in low stresses during rapid cooling. Moreover, large amount of (Cu, Ni) solid solution formed a metallurgical bonding between the cladding coating and the substrate, which also relaxed the stresses, leading to the reduction of interfacial cracks and pores after laser cladding.     

前驱体碳化复合等离子熔覆涂层

以钛铁粉、铬粉、铁粉和碳的前驱体（蔗糖）等为原料,通过前驱体碳化复合技术制备了碳化复合粉,并利用等离子熔覆技术在Q235钢表面制备了Fe-Cr-C和Fe-Cr-C-Ti涂层.采用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对涂层的相组成和显微组织结构进行了分析.结果表明:Fe-Cr-C涂层由（Cr,Fe）₇C₃初生碳化物和菊花瓣状分布共晶碳化物（Cr,Fe）₇C₃与奥氏体组织组成;Fe-Cr-C-Ti涂层由原位合成的TiC相和（Cr,Fe）₇C₃共晶相与奥氏体相构成.这两种涂层与基体之间都是冶金结合.涂层中碳化物TiC的体积分数呈现梯度分布,并且涂层的熔合区和中部区域TiC颗粒形状多为等轴状颗粒,涂层的表层区域部分TiC颗粒多为树枝晶颗粒.与Fe-Cr-C涂层相比较,Fe-Cr-C-Ti涂层的抗开裂性更好.Fe-Cr-C和Fe-Cr-C-Ti两涂层的平均显微硬度约是750HV_0.2,是基体金属的3.2倍,从涂层表面到熔合区相差不大.     

Effect of coaxial laser cladding parameters on bead formation

We investigated the shape and morphology of nickel-based powder particles (Sulzer Metco) and coatings produced by laser gas-powder deposition onto steel substrates. Laser deposition was performed using an LC-10 IPG-Photonics laser complex equipped with a 10-kW fiber laser. The shape and microstructure of the samples were studied using optical and electronic microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results showed that the deposition speed and laser power significantly influenced the shape and size of the beads. The depth of diffusion of nickel into the steel substrate after deposition was less than 20 μm; the microstructure of the resulting coating was fcc Fe₃Ni. As a result, detailed information about the form and shape of the filler powder, modes of its deposition, and the resulting coating structure was obtained; this information is important for the production of high-quality products by additive technologies.     

Microstructure characteristics of Ni/WC composite cladding coatings

A multilayer tungsten carbide particle (WCp)-reinforced Ni-based alloy coating was fabricated on a steel substrate using vacuum cladding technology. The morphology, microstructure, and formation mechanism of the coating were studied and discussed in different zones. The microstructure morphology and phase composition were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In the results, the coating presents a dense and homogeneous microstructure with few pores and is free from cracks. The whole coating shows a multilayer structure, including composite, transition, fusion, and diffusion-affected layers. Metallurgical bonding was achieved between the coating and substrate because of the formation of the fusion and diffusion-affected layers. The Ni-based alloy is mainly composed of γ-Ni solid solution with finely dispersed Cr₇C₃/Cr₂₃C₆, CrB, and Ni+Ni₃Si. WC particles in the composite layer distribute evenly in areas among initial Ni-based alloying particles, forming a special three-dimensional reticular microstructure. The macrohardness of the coating is HRC 55, which is remarkably improved compared to that of the substrate. The microhardness increases gradually from the substrate to the composite zone, whereas the microhardness remains almost unchanged in the transition and composite zones.     

Co基合金激光熔覆层组织及近表面结晶方向

采用同步送粉式激光熔覆工艺在45^#钢表面制备了Stellite Co基合金涂层。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜（SEM)、附件（EDS）及X射线衍射仪分析了熔覆层的快速凝固微观组织特征和相结构。熔覆层初生相为γ-Co枝晶，枝晶间为γ-Co及Cr23C6共晶组成。在熔覆层的近自由表面，发现了一种新的、结晶方向与激光扫描速度方向平行的细小枝晶。熔覆层与基体界面为平面结晶，向中心过渡为胞状晶、柱状枝晶等多种形态。两道熔覆层的搭接区组织粗化，且出现准等轴晶、等轴晶。